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Erode, city, northern Tamil Nadu state, southern India. It lies on the Kaveri (Cauvery) River, roughly equidistant from Salem (northeast) and Tiruppur (southwest).

Temple inscriptions indicate the prominent role played by the town as early as the 10th century ce. Its name is associated with a Chola temple (907–1279) and means “wet skull.” Though Erode was successively destroyed by Maratha, Mysore Muslim, and British armies, the surrounding fertile soils assisted in the city’s quick recovery each time as an agricultural trade centre.

Jodhpur. Rajasthan. Jaswant Thada an architectural landmark in Jodhpur, India. A white marble memorial, built in 1899, by Sardar Singh in memory of Maharaja Jaswant Singh II. Indian architecture
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Erode is a railway hub and is the junction for the Pykara and Mettur hydroelectric schemes. Industries include cotton ginning and the manufacture of transport equipment. The city has industrial schools and several colleges affiliated with the University of Madras in Chennai (Madras). Pop. (2001) city, 150,541; urban agglom., 389,906; (2011) city, 157,101; urban agglom., 521,891.

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica This article was most recently revised and updated by Maren Goldberg.