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Electoral Systems

Aggregate Results
ES01

How is the Head of State selected?

a. Head of State is the Head of Government 40 countries (27%): American Samoa, Angola, Argentina, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Burundi, Chile, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Ghana, Guatemala, Guinea, Honduras, Korea, Republic of, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Mexico, Micronesia, Federated States of, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, United Republic of, Tonga, United States of America, Uruguay, Venezuela, Zambia, Zimbabwe,
b. Directly elected in general elections (simple majority) 20 countries (13%): Bangladesh, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Burundi, Colombia, Gambia, Ghana, Guyana, Iceland, Ireland, Kenya, Madagascar, Mexico, Palestine, Philippines, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tunisia, Uganda, Ukraine,
c. Directly elected in general elections (absolute majority with 2nd round if necessary) 43 countries (29%): Algeria, Angola, Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Croatia, Côte d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Ecuador, Egypt, Finland, France, French Polynesia, Georgia, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, New Caledonia, Niger, Nigeria, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Senegal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sudan, Togo, Wallis and Futuna, Yemen, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe,
d. Indirectly elected by legislature 17 countries (11%): Albania, Czech Republic, Dominica, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Hungary, India, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Micronesia, Federated States of, Moldova, Republic of, Turkey, Viet Nam,
e. Elected by electoral college or committee (specify) 3 countries (2%): American Samoa, Germany, Pakistan,
f. A Governor General appointed by the Monarch 13 countries (9%): Australia, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), Jamaica, Nepal, Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu,
g. Inherited monarchy 18 countries (12%): Bahrain, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Jordan, Lesotho, Morocco, Netherlands, Niue, Norway, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Samoa, Spain, Swaziland, Sweden, Thailand, Tonga, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
h. Other 7 countries (4%): Albania, Cambodia, Congo (Kinshasa), Democratic Republic of the, Lebanon, Samoa, Switzerland, Timor-Leste,
ES02

How is the Head of Government selected?

a. Directly elected in general elections (simple majority) 18 countries (12%): Colombia, Gambia, Ghana, Honduras, Kenya, Korea, Republic of, Madagascar, Malawi, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, United Republic of, Venezuela, Zambia,
b. Directly elected in general elections, absolute majority (with 2nd round if necessary) 20 countries (13%): Angola, Argentina, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Georgia, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Peru, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Uruguay, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe,
c. Indirectly elected by legislature/chosen by parliament 43 countries (29%): Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Croatia, Denmark, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), Finland, France, French Polynesia, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Japan, Mali, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Federated States of, Moldova, Republic of, New Caledonia, Niger, Niue, Norway, Papua New Guinea, Poland, Romania, Samoa, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, Vanuatu, Viet Nam, Wallis and Futuna,
d. Leader of the party which forms the government becomes Head of Government 16 countries (10%): Australia, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Belize, Canada, Dominica, Guyana, India, Lesotho, Mauritania, Nepal, Netherlands, Pakistan, Portugal, Saint Kitts and Nevis, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
e. Appointed 33 countries (22%): Albania, Armenia, Austria, Bahrain, Barbados, Belarus, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Czech Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Guinea, Italy, Jordan, Latvia, Lebanon, Lithuania, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Palestine, Russian Federation, Rwanda, Senegal, Slovakia, Sudan, Swaziland, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, United States of America,
f. Other 17 countries (11%): Afghanistan, Algeria, American Samoa, Burundi, Congo (Kinshasa), Democratic Republic of the, Fiji, Jamaica, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Malaysia, Maldives, Mauritius, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Yemen,
ES03

Does the country have a president?

a. Yes 109 countries (76%): Albania, Algeria, American Samoa, Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Czech Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, French Polynesia, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Guatemala, Guinea, Guyana, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Ireland, Italy, Kenya, Korea, Republic of, Latvia, Lebanon, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Madagascar, Malawi, Maldives, Mali, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Federated States of, Moldova, Republic of, Mozambique, Namibia, New Caledonia, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Palestine, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Switzerland, Tanzania, United Republic of, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, United States of America, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Viet Nam, Wallis and Futuna, Yemen, Zambia, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe,
b. No 33 countries (23%): Australia, Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Cambodia, Canada, Denmark, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Lesotho, Malaysia, Morocco, Nepal, Netherlands, Niue, Norway, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Spain, Swaziland, Sweden, Thailand, Tonga, Tuvalu, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
ES04

The national legislature consists of (one/two chambers):

a. One chamber 74 countries (52%): Albania, Angola, Armenia, Bangladesh, Benin, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Costa Rica, Croatia, Côte d'Ivoire, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Eritrea, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), Finland, Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Guatemala, Guinea, Guyana, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, Kenya, Korea, Republic of, Latvia, Lebanon, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Malawi, Maldives, Mali, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Micronesia, Federated States of, Moldova, Republic of, Mozambique, Nicaragua, Niger, Niue, Norway, Palestine, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Portugal, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sweden, Tanzania, United Republic of, Tonga, Tunisia, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Viet Nam, Zambia, Zanzibar,
b. Two chambers 68 countries (47%): Algeria, American Samoa, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Czech Republic, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Ethiopia, Fiji, France, French Polynesia, Germany, India, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mexico, Morocco, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, New Caledonia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Paraguay, Philippines, Poland, Puerto Rico, Romania, Russian Federation, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Senegal, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Swaziland, Switzerland, Thailand, Togo, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America, Uruguay, Wallis and Futuna, Yemen, Zimbabwe,
ES05

What is the electoral system for Chamber 1 of the national legislature?

a. Plurality (FPTP) 51 countries (27%): American Samoa, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Bhutan, Botswana, Burundi, Canada, Central African Republic, Colombia, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Malawi, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Federated States of, Mongolia, Nepal, Nigeria, Niue, Pakistan, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, United Republic of, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America, Yemen, Zambia, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe,
b. Alternative Vote 3 countries (1%): Australia, Fiji, Nauru,
c. Block Vote 9 countries (4%): Djibouti, Kuwait, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Maldives, Mauritius, Palestine, Samoa, Singapore,
d. Two-Round System 20 countries (10%): Bahrain, Belarus, Cuba, Egypt, France, French Polynesia, Gabon, Haiti, Iran, Islamic Republic of, Iraq, Kiribati, Kyrgyzstan, Mali, Mauritania, Monaco, New Caledonia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Wallis and Futuna,
e. Parallel (Segmented) (PR Lists and Majoritarian constituencies) 22 countries (11%): Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cameroon, Chad, Georgia, Guinea, Hungary, Japan, Korea, Republic of, Lithuania, Madagascar, Mexico, Niger, Russian Federation, Senegal, Seychelles, Switzerland, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tunisia,
f. Single Non-Transferable Vote 2 countries (1%): Jordan, Vanuatu,
g. List Proportional Representation 66 countries (35%): Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cape Verde, Chile, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), Finland, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Honduras, Iceland, Indonesia, Israel, Latvia, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Moldova, Republic of, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Norway, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Rwanda, San Marino, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Sweden, Togo, Turkey, Ukraine, Uruguay, Viet Nam,
h. Mixed Member Proportional 7 countries (3%): Bolivia, Germany, Italy, Lesotho, New Zealand, Venezuela, Zanzibar,
i. Single Transferable Vote 2 countries (1%): Ireland, Malta,
j. Other 7 countries (3%): Burundi, Congo (Kinshasa), Democratic Republic of the, Ecuador, Egypt, Panama, Puerto Rico, Somalia,
ES06

What is the electoral system for Chamber 2 of the national legislature?

a. Plurality (FPTP) 11 countries (9%): American Samoa, Brazil, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Ethiopia, Malawi, Nigeria, Tanzania, United Republic of, Tuvalu, United States of America, Zambia,
c. Block Vote 0 countries (0%):
d. Two-Round System 4 countries (3%): Czech Republic, French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Wallis and Futuna,
e. Parallel (Segmented) (PR Lists and Majoritarian constituencies) 4 countries (3%): France, Japan, Madagascar, Switzerland,
f. Single Non-Transferable Vote 1 countries (0%): Australia,
g. List Proportional Representation 5 countries (4%): Argentina, Chile, Paraguay, Romania, Uruguay,
h. Mixed Member Proportional 1 countries (0%): Italy,
i. Single Transferable Vote 2 countries (1%): India, Pakistan,
j. By appointment 14 countries (11%): Austria, Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belize, Canada, Germany, Ireland, Jamaica, Lesotho, Russian Federation, Saint Lucia, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Yemen,
k. The national legislature consists of one chamber only 50 countries (42%): Angola, Bangladesh, Benin, Bulgaria, Cape Verde, Costa Rica, Croatia, Denmark, Dominica, El Salvador, Finland, Georgia, Ghana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, Kenya, Korea, Republic of, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Micronesia, Federated States of, Mozambique, Nicaragua, Niger, Niue, Norway, Palestine, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Portugal, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sweden, Timor-Leste, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, Vanuatu,
l. Other 26 countries (22%): Algeria, Belarus, Belgium, Botswana, Cameroon, Congo (Kinshasa), Democratic Republic of the, Eritrea, Fiji, Gambia, Ireland, Morocco, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, Puerto Rico, Seychelles, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Swaziland, Tonga, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Viet Nam, Zanzibar,
ES07

If List PR is used, is a highest average formula used?

a. d'Hondt Formula 29 countries (25%): Angola, Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cape Verde, Chile, Costa Rica, Croatia, Czech Republic, Dominican Republic, Finland, France, Guatemala, Iceland, Japan, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Mozambique, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Uruguay,
b. Saint-Lague Formula 2 countries (1%): Denmark, Norway,
c. Largest Remainder Method (Quota) 7 countries (6%): Benin, Guyana, Lithuania, Morocco, Russian Federation, Sierra Leone, Timor-Leste,
d. Droop 2 countries (1%): Slovakia, South Africa,
e. Hare 9 countries (7%): Cameroon, Colombia, El Salvador, Germany, Honduras, Indonesia, Namibia, Seychelles, Sri Lanka,
g. Other 9 countries (7%): Argentina, Georgia, Hungary, Italy, Malawi, Panama, Puerto Rico, Somalia, Tunisia,
h. Not applicable 58 countries (50%): Algeria, American Samoa, Australia, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belize, Botswana, Brazil, Canada, Congo (Kinshasa), Democratic Republic of the, Djibouti, Dominica, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Gambia, Ghana, India, Ireland, Jamaica, Kenya, Korea, Republic of, Lesotho, Madagascar, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Micronesia, Federated States of, Nepal, New Caledonia, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Pakistan, Palestine, Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Solomon Islands, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, United Republic of, Tonga, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna, Yemen, Zambia, Zanzibar,
ES08

What is the level at which seats are distributed in Chamber 1?

a. National level 41 countries (35%): Angola, Austria, Bangladesh, Bulgaria, Denmark, El Salvador, Eritrea, Georgia, Germany, Guatemala, Guyana, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Korea, Republic of, Lesotho, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Netherlands, Niue, Puerto Rico, Romania, Russian Federation, Samoa, Seychelles, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Swaziland, Sweden, Tanzania, United Republic of, Timor-Leste, Turkey, Ukraine, Uruguay, Viet Nam,
b. Specially delimited constituencies 71 countries (61%): Australia, Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Botswana, Brazil, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, Croatia, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Fiji, Finland, France, French Polynesia, Gambia, Ghana, Hungary, Iceland, India, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Kenya, Korea, Republic of, Lesotho, Lithuania, Malawi, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Micronesia, Federated States of, Morocco, Nepal, New Caledonia, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Russian Federation, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Tanzania, United Republic of, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Tunisia, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna, Yemen, Zambia, Zanzibar,
c. Regional/provincial level 33 countries (28%): Algeria, American Samoa, Angola, Argentina, Austria, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Czech Republic, El Salvador, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Georgia, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Hungary, Madagascar, Maldives, Norway, Palestine, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Portugal, Romania, Samoa, Slovenia, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tanzania, United Republic of,
d. Other 3 countries (2%): Cameroon, Italy, Nicaragua,
ES09

What is the level at which seats are distributed in Chamber 2?

a. National level 9 countries (7%): Bahrain, Colombia, Japan, Morocco, Netherlands, Paraguay, Romania, Swaziland, Uruguay,
b. Specially delimited constituencies 15 countries (13%): Belgium, Brazil, Chile, Czech Republic, French Polynesia, India, Italy, Malawi, Morocco, New Caledonia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Puerto Rico, Slovenia, Wallis and Futuna,
c. Regional or provincial level 18 countries (15%): Algeria, American Samoa, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Cameroon, Canada, Ethiopia, France, Germany, Madagascar, Morocco, Namibia, Russian Federation, South Africa, Spain, Switzerland, United States of America,
d. Not applicable 68 countries (59%): Angola, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Belize, Benin, Bulgaria, Cape Verde, Costa Rica, Croatia, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, El Salvador, Fiji, Finland, Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, Jamaica, Kenya, Korea, Republic of, Lesotho, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Micronesia, Federated States of, Mozambique, Nicaragua, Niger, Niue, Norway, Palestine, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Portugal, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sweden, Tanzania, United Republic of, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Tunisia, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Vanuatu, Viet Nam, Yemen, Zambia, Zanzibar,
e. Other 7 countries (6%): Barbados, Belarus, Botswana, Dominican Republic, Ireland, Nepal, Seychelles,
ES10

Are special constituencies or seats reserved in Chamber 1 for specific groups, such as minorities, specific nationality or other groups?

a. Yes 31 countries (26%): Algeria, Bangladesh, Colombia, Croatia, Denmark, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, Gambia, Guyana, India, Italy, Kenya, Malawi, Mauritius, Micronesia, Federated States of, Pakistan, Palestine, Portugal, Romania, Samoa, Slovenia, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, United Republic of, Tonga, Tunisia, Uganda, Viet Nam, Yemen, Zanzibar,
b. No 84 countries (73%): American Samoa, Angola, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, Costa Rica, Czech Republic, Dominica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Eritrea, France, French Polynesia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Guatemala, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Jamaica, Japan, Korea, Republic of, Lesotho, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Madagascar, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, New Caledonia, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Norway, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Puerto Rico, Russian Federation, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Timor-Leste, Turkey, Tuvalu, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna, Zambia,
ES11

If special constituencies or seats are reserved in Chamber 1, specify which interest groups, and the proportion of total seats reserved for:

a. Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%) Colombia: 4%
Croatia: 3,33%
Fiji: 65%
Jordan: 11%
Romania: 0.29
Slovenia: 2
Venezuela: 3
Zimbabwe: 10/150
b. Women - proportion of total seats (%) Bangladesh: 15%
Ecuador: 35% ( and 5% more in each election until arriving to 50% )
Guyana: X
Jordan: 5.5%
Somalia: 12 %
Sudan: 9.7%
Tanzania, United Republic of: 15% of seats at parliamentary elections and 25% at local election
Uganda: 19%
Yemen: 0.66
Zanzibar: 6%
c. Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%) Lebanon: 100%
Pakistan: 4.6
Palestine: 8
d. Other- proportion of total seats (%) Algeria: X
Croatia: 3,97%
Denmark: 1.14%
Egypt: X (50%)
Fiji: 35%
Finland: X
Italy: 7
Kenya: X
Malawi: 32 seats are reserved overall for all interest groups mentioned in the previous question.
Mauritius: 11%
Portugal: X
Samoa: 4.1%, from the individual voters list.
Sudan: 7.2% and 8.1%
Tonga: 50% Nobles (9 Seats), 50% people's representatives (9 seats)
Tunisia: 20%
Uganda: 8.5%
Zimbabwe: a)8/150 and b)12/150
e. Not applicable Albania: X
American Samoa: NA
Angola: Not Applicable
Argentina: X
Armenia: X
Australia: Na
Austria: X
Bahamas: *
Bahrain: x
Barbados: Na
Belarus: X
Belgium: Na
Belize: *
Benin: Sans objet.
Bolivia: Not applicable
Bosnia and Herzegovina: Na
Botswana: Na
Brazil: Na
Bulgaria: X
Cambodia: Na
Cameroon: *
Canada: Na
Cape Verde: Na
Chile: Na
Costa Rica: *
Czech Republic: Na
Côte d'Ivoire: Sans objet
Dominica: *
Dominican Republic: X
El Salvador: *
Eritrea: x
France: Na
French Polynesia: X
Georgia: na
Germany: Na
Ghana: Seats in Parliament are based on Constituencies.
Guatemala: *
Honduras: *
Hungary: NOT APPLICABLE
Ireland: Na
Jamaica: *
Japan: X
Korea, Republic of: X
Latvia: X
Lesotho: Na
Lithuania: Na
Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of: X
Madagascar: x
Malaysia: x
Maldives: X
Mali: not applicable
Marshall Islands: na
Mexico: Na
Micronesia, Federated States of: X
Moldova, Republic of: X
Morocco: X
Mozambique: Not Applicable
Namibia: Na
Nepal: X
Netherlands: Na
New Caledonia: X
Nicaragua: *
Niger: question sans objet
Nigeria: Na
Niue: NA
Norway: Na
Panama: *
Papua New Guinea: X
Paraguay: Not applicable
Poland: Na
Puerto Rico: *
Russian Federation: x
Saint Kitts and Nevis:
Saint Lucia: *
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: *
Sao Tome and Principe: Na
Senegal: *
Seychelles: X
Sierra Leone: Not applicable
Slovakia: Na
Solomon Islands: X
Somalia: x
South Africa: Na
Spain: N/A
Sri Lanka: X
Swaziland: not applicable in Swaziland
Sweden: Na
Switzerland: Na
Timor-Leste: Na
Togo: *
Turkey: X
Tuvalu: X
Ukraine: Na
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland: Na
Wallis and Futuna: X
ES12

Are special constituencies or seats reserved in Chamber 2 for specific groups, such as minorities, specific nationality or other groups?

a. Yes 16 countries (14%): Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Botswana, Cameroon, Colombia, Ethiopia, India, Ireland, Italy, Malawi, Nepal, Pakistan, Slovenia, Tanzania, United Republic of, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
b. No 37 countries (32%): Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bahamas, Bahrain, Belarus, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Czech Republic, Dominican Republic, Fiji, France, French Polynesia, Germany, Jamaica, Japan, Madagascar, Morocco, Namibia, Netherlands, New Caledonia, Nigeria, Paraguay, Puerto Rico, Romania, Russian Federation, Saint Lucia, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Switzerland, United States of America, Uruguay, Wallis and Futuna, Yemen,
c. The national legislature consists of one chamber only 61 countries (53%): Angola, Bangladesh, Benin, Bulgaria, Cape Verde, Costa Rica, Croatia, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, El Salvador, Finland, Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, Kenya, Korea, Republic of, Lesotho, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Micronesia, Federated States of, Mozambique, Nicaragua, Niger, Niue, Norway, Palestine, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Portugal, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Tunisia, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, Vanuatu, Viet Nam, Zambia, Zanzibar,
ES13

If special constituencies or seats are reserved in Chamber 2, specify which interest groups, and the proportion of total seats reserved:

a. Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%) Bosnia and Herzegovina: 33.3
Botswana: 80
Colombia: 2%
Malaysia: x
b. Women - proportion of total seats (%) Nepal: 5%
c. Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%) United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland: 4
d. Other - proportion of total seats (%) Barbados: 33
Belize: X
Cameroon: 10 par region.
Egypt: X (50%)
Fiji: 100%
Ireland: 28
Italy: 7
Malaysia: 100
Pakistan: 23
Slovenia: X
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland: 17
e. Not applicable Albania: X
Algeria: X
American Samoa: na
Angola: Unicameral Legislature
Argentina: X
Armenia: X
Australia: Na
Austria: X
Bahamas: *
Bahrain: x
Bangladesh: X
Belarus: X
Belgium: Na
Benin: oui
Bolivia: Not applicable
Brazil: Na
Bulgaria: X
Cambodia: Na
Canada: Na
Cape Verde: Na
Chile: Na
Costa Rica: *
Croatia: X
Czech Republic: Na
Côte d'Ivoire: Sans objet
Denmark: x
Djibouti: X
Dominica: *
Dominican Republic: X
Ecuador: Not applicable
El Salvador: *
Eritrea: x
Finland: N/A
France: Not applicable
French Polynesia: X
Gambia: YES
Georgia: na
Germany: Na
Ghana: Not Applicable
Guatemala: *
Guyana: X
Honduras: *
Iceland: Na
India: Na
Jamaica: *
Japan: X
Jordan: X
Kenya: X
Korea, Republic of: X
Latvia: X
Lesotho: Na
Lithuania: Na
Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of: X
Maldives: X
Mali: il n'existe pas de chambre 2
Marshall Islands: na
Mauritius: Na
Mexico: Na
Micronesia, Federated States of: X
Moldova, Republic of: X
Morocco: X
Mozambique: Not Applicable
Namibia: Na
Netherlands: Na
New Caledonia: X
Nicaragua: *
Niger: see ES12
Nigeria: Na
Niue: NA
Norway: Na
Palestine: X
Panama: *
Papua New Guinea: x
Paraguay: Not applicable
Peru: Not applicable.
Philippines: X
Poland: Na
Portugal: Na
Puerto Rico: *
Romania: X
Russian Federation: x
Saint Kitts and Nevis:
Saint Lucia: *
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: X
Samoa: x
Sao Tome and Principe: Na
Senegal: *
Seychelles: X
Sierra Leone: X
Slovakia: Na
Solomon Islands: X
South Africa: Na
Spain: N/A
Sri Lanka: X
Sudan: X
Swaziland: n/a
Sweden: Na
Switzerland: Na
Tanzania, United Republic of: x
Timor-Leste: Na
Togo: *
Tonga: Not Applicable
Tunisia: X
Turkey: X
Tuvalu: X
Uganda: X
Ukraine: Na
Vanuatu: NA
Venezuela: Na
Wallis and Futuna: X
Yemen: X
Zanzibar: NA
Zimbabwe: X
ES14

What is the legally imposed minimum threshold of votes required by a party to win seats in Chamber 1?

a. No minimum 61 countries (53%): Angola, Australia, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Botswana, Brazil, Cape Verde, Colombia, Costa Rica, Denmark, Dominica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Eritrea, Finland, Gambia, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Iceland, India, Ireland, Lesotho, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Madagascar, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Micronesia, Federated States of, Morocco, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Niger, Niue, Norway, Pakistan, Palestine, Panama, Paraguay, Portugal, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Switzerland, Tanzania, United Republic of, Timor-Leste, Tunisia, Tuvalu, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Viet Nam, Yemen, Zambia,
b. Specify the percentage: 34 countries (29%): Algeria, Argentina, Austria, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Chile, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, French Polynesia, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Korea, Republic of, Lithuania, Mozambique, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Romania, Russian Federation, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, United States of America, Wallis and Futuna,
c. Not applicable 20 countries (17%): American Samoa, Bahamas, Belarus, Canada, Ethiopia, Fiji, Ghana, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Malawi, Maldives, Nigeria, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Solomon Islands, Swaziland, Tonga, Uganda, Zanzibar,
ES15

What is the legally imposed minimum threshold of votes required by a party to win seats in Chamber 2?

a. No minimum 24 countries (20%): Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Colombia, Czech Republic, Dominican Republic, France, French Polynesia, India, Ireland, Italy, Madagascar, Morocco, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, New Caledonia, Pakistan, Paraguay, Spain, Switzerland, Uruguay, Wallis and Futuna,
b. Specify the percentage: 5 countries (4%): Chile, Puerto Rico, Romania, Sierra Leone, United States of America,
c. Not applicable 86 countries (74%): Algeria, American Samoa, Angola, Austria, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belize, Benin, Botswana, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Costa Rica, Croatia, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, El Salvador, Eritrea, Fiji, Finland, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Korea, Republic of, Lesotho, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Malawi, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Micronesia, Federated States of, Mozambique, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Norway, Palestine, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Portugal, Russian Federation, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden, Tanzania, United Republic of, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Tunisia, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Vanuatu, Viet Nam, Yemen, Zambia, Zanzibar,
ES16

What is the legally imposed minimum threshold of votes required by a candidate (independent/party) to win a seat in Chamber 1?

a. No minimum 61 countries (54%): Australia, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Botswana, Chile, Colombia, Denmark, Dominica, Finland, France, Gambia, Germany, Guyana, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Italy, Korea, Republic of, Lithuania, Madagascar, Malawi, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Micronesia, Federated States of, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, Niger, Niue, Pakistan, Palestine, Paraguay, Puerto Rico, Russian Federation, Samoa, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Switzerland, Tanzania, United Republic of, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Tunisia, Uganda, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Vanuatu, Yemen, Zambia,
b. Specify the percentage: 16 countries (14%): Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Fiji, French Polynesia, Georgia, Ireland, Japan, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Romania, Sao Tome and Principe, Sierra Leone, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Wallis and Futuna,
c. Not applicable 35 countries (31%): Algeria, American Samoa, Angola, Argentina, Austria, Bahamas, Brazil, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Costa Rica, Croatia, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Eritrea, Ghana, Guatemala, Jamaica, Kenya, Lesotho, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Panama, Portugal, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Seychelles, South Africa, Swaziland, United States of America, Uruguay, Viet Nam, Zanzibar,
ES17

What is the legally imposed minimum threshold of votes required by a candidate (independent/party) to win a seat in Chamber 2?

a. No minimum 20 countries (17%): Australia, Chile, Colombia, France, French Polynesia, India, Italy, Madagascar, Morocco, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, New Caledonia, Pakistan, Paraguay, Puerto Rico, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Wallis and Futuna,
b. Specify the percentage: 3 countries (2%): Czech Republic, Japan, Romania,
c. Not applicable 89 countries (78%): Algeria, American Samoa, Angola, Argentina, Austria, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Costa Rica, Croatia, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Eritrea, Fiji, Finland, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Jamaica, Kenya, Korea, Republic of, Lesotho, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Micronesia, Federated States of, Mozambique, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Norway, Palestine, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Portugal, Russian Federation, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden, Tanzania, United Republic of, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Viet Nam, Yemen, Zambia, Zanzibar,
d. Other 1 countries (0%): Malawi,
ES18

Regarding the timing of the elections for Chamber 1, which of the following is true? Elections take place:

a. At fixed intervals (specify length) 90 countries (79%): Algeria, American Samoa, Argentina, Austria, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Benin, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Eritrea, Fiji, Finland, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Korea, Republic of, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Madagascar, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Micronesia, Federated States of, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Norway, Pakistan, Palestine, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Romania, Russian Federation, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Tanzania, United Republic of, Tonga, Tunisia, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, United States of America, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Viet Nam, Yemen, Zambia, Zanzibar,
b. Elections can be called at any time (specify by whom) 39 countries (34%): Angola, Australia, Bahamas, Barbados, Belgium, Canada, Cape Verde, Costa Rica, Denmark, Dominica, Fiji, France, Guyana, Hungary, India, Ireland, Jamaica, Japan, Lesotho, Mauritius, Namibia, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Russian Federation, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Swaziland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Vanuatu, Zambia,
c. On a fixed day of the week (specify day, specify if holiday) 29 countries (25%): Australia, Belgium, Canada, Croatia, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Fiji, Finland, French Polynesia, Germany, Guyana, Honduras, Hungary, Korea, Republic of, Lesotho, Netherlands, New Caledonia, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tonga, Turkey, Ukraine, Uruguay, Wallis and Futuna,
d. Other 11 countries (9%): Belize, Cameroon, Canada, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Malawi, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Tuvalu,
ES19

Regarding the timing of the elections for Chamber 2, which of the following is true? Elections take place:

a. At fixed intervals (specify length) 32 countries (28%): Algeria, American Samoa, Argentina, Australia, Bahrain, Belarus, Belgium, Botswana, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Czech Republic, Dominican Republic, France, India, Italy, Japan, Madagascar, Morocco, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, Nigeria, Pakistan, Paraguay, Puerto Rico, Romania, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, United States of America, Uruguay,
b. Elections can be called at any time (specify by whom) 5 countries (4%): Belgium, Cameroon, Ireland, Netherlands, Swaziland,
c. On a fixed day of the week (specify day, specify if holiday) 10 countries (8%): Belgium, Dominican Republic, French Polynesia, Netherlands, New Caledonia, Puerto Rico, Romania, Switzerland, Uruguay, Wallis and Futuna,
d. Other 3 countries (2%): Botswana, Jamaica, Malawi,
e. Not applicable 75 countries (65%): Angola, Austria, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bulgaria, Canada, Cape Verde, Costa Rica, Croatia, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, El Salvador, Eritrea, Fiji, Finland, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, Jamaica, Kenya, Korea, Republic of, Lesotho, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Micronesia, Federated States of, Mozambique, Nicaragua, Niger, Niue, Norway, Palestine, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Portugal, Russian Federation, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sweden, Tanzania, United Republic of, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Tunisia, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Vanuatu, Viet Nam, Yemen, Zambia, Zanzibar,
ES20

Regarding Chamber 1 elections (excluding advance voting, postal voting, etc):

a. Voting takes place on one day 132 countries (86%): Algeria, American Samoa, Andorra, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Finland, French Polynesia, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Honduras, Iceland, Indonesia, Iran, Islamic Republic of, Ireland, Israel, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Korea, Republic of, Kuwait, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lesotho, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Madagascar, Malawi, Maldives, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Micronesia, Federated States of, Mongolia, Morocco, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Norway, Pakistan, Palau, Palestine, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Romania, Russian Federation, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Tajikistan, Tanzania, United Republic of, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Viet Nam, Wallis and Futuna, Yemen, Zambia, Zanzibar,
b. Voting takes place over a period of 2 or more days 21 countries (13%): Angola, Central African Republic, Chad, Czech Republic, Fiji, France, Gabon, Hungary, India, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mauritania, Monaco, Mozambique, Namibia, Slovakia, Sudan, Switzerland, Syrian Arab Republic, Uzbekistan,
ES21

Regarding Chamber 2 elections (excluding advance voting, postal voting, etc):

a. Voting takes place on one day 29 countries (25%): Algeria, American Samoa, Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Botswana, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Ethiopia, France, French Polynesia, Italy, Japan, Malawi, Morocco, Netherlands, New Caledonia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Paraguay, Puerto Rico, Romania, Slovenia, Spain, Swaziland, Uruguay, Wallis and Futuna,
b. Voting takes place over a period of 2 or more days 5 countries (4%): Belarus, Czech Republic, Ireland, Namibia, Switzerland,
c. Not applicable 79 countries (69%): Angola, Austria, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Costa Rica, Croatia, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, El Salvador, Eritrea, Fiji, Finland, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Korea, Republic of, Lesotho, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Madagascar, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Micronesia, Federated States of, Mozambique, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Niue, Norway, Palestine, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Portugal, Russian Federation, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sweden, Tanzania, United Republic of, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Vanuatu, Viet Nam, Yemen, Zambia, Zanzibar,
May 20, 2008 01:21 AM