| Acknowledgments | |
| Foreword / Stanley Hoffmann | |
| Introduction: A New Look at the "Resistance" | 1 |
1 | The Main Traits of the Nazi Occupation in Europe | 5 |
| | Fundamental Objectives | 6 |
| | Principal Forms of Domination | 8 |
| | Political Expressions of Collaboration | 11 |
| | Reasons for State Collaboration: A Comparison between Denmark and France | 14 |
2 | Which Resistance? | 23 |
| | Which History of the Resistance? | 25 |
| | The Field of Civilian Resistance | 27 |
3 | The Complexities of Noncooperation | 33 |
| | The Complexity of Behaviors Toward the Occupying Forces | 34 |
| | The Progressive Radicalization of Relations between the Occupying Forces and the Occupied Population | 39 |
4 | The Question of Legitimacy | 47 |
| | Norway's Steadfastness | 50 |
| | France's Alienation | 54 |
| | The Netherlands' Contradictions | 57 |
| | Two Political Rationales for Resistance | 60 |
5 | Elements of Social Cohesion | 63 |
| | Internal Factors | 65 |
| | External Factors | 77 |
| | Laws of Reactivity | 84 |
6 | The Role of Opinion | 89 |
| | From Opinion to Resistance | 91 |
| | The Public Expression of Resisting Opinion | 95 |
| | The Political Walls of Civil Society | 105 |
| | The Theory of the Three Circles | 106 |
7 | Civilian Resistance Against Repression | 111 |
| | Provoked Repression | 112 |
| | Restrained Repression | 117 |
| | Other Factors of Vulnerability | 122 |
8 | Civilian Resistance to the Genocide | 129 |
| | The Strategy of Victimization | 131 |
| | The Screen of State | 137 |
| | The Screen of Opinion | 141 |
| | The Screen of Social Networks | 148 |
| | The Terminal Stage of Cancer | 154 |
| | Can Genocide Be Prevented? | 156 |
9 | Which Role for Which Results? | 161 |
| | Surviving in an Independent Society | 162 |
| | Direct, Indirect, and Dissuasive Effectiveness | 168 |
| Conclusion: The New Field of Civilian-Based Defense Strategies | 177 |
| Appendix: Elements of Methodology | 185 |
| List of Examples Studied | 189 |
| Index | 191 |