1970 Census |
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1980 Census |
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1990 Census |
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TOTAL POPULATION |
1,073,184 |
100.0% |
|
TOTAL POPULATION |
1,105,379 |
100.0% |
|
TOTAL POPULATION |
1,279,182 |
100.0% |
| | | | | | | | | | |
RACE | | | |
RACE | | | |
RACE | | |
White |
855,978 |
79.8% |
|
White |
749,735 |
67.8% |
|
White |
762,557 |
59.6% |
Negro |
161,282 |
15.0% |
|
Black |
203,698 |
18.4% |
|
Black |
229,316 |
17.9% |
Indian |
5,688 |
0.5% |
|
American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut |
8,313 |
0.8% |
|
American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut |
8,354 |
0.7% |
|
|
|
|
Eskimo |
118 |
0.0% |
|
Eskimo |
185 |
0.0% |
|
|
|
|
Aleut |
17 |
0.0% |
|
Aleut |
103 |
0.0% |
|
|
|
|
Asian and Pacific Islander |
88,886 |
8.0% |
|
Asian or Pacific Islander |
193,282 |
15.1% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Asian |
185,911 |
14.5% |
Japanese |
10,117 |
0.9% |
|
Japanese |
11,816 |
1.1% |
|
Japanese |
14,077 |
1.1% |
Chinese |
20,072 |
1.9% |
|
Chinese |
32,205 |
2.9% |
|
Chinese |
68,184 |
5.3% |
Filipino |
10,597 |
1.0% |
|
Filipino |
25,940 |
2.3% |
|
Filipino |
53,760 |
4.2% |
|
|
|
|
Korean |
3,925 |
0.4% |
|
Korean |
9,694 |
0.8% |
|
|
|
|
Asian Indian |
4,896 |
0.4% |
|
Asian Indian |
14,254 |
1.1% |
|
|
|
|
Vietnamese |
3,146 |
0.3% |
|
Vietnamese |
13,896 |
1.1% |
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cambodian |
4,083 |
0.3% |
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|
|
|
|
|
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Hmong |
20 |
0.0% |
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|
|
|
|
|
Laotian |
2,605 |
0.2% |
|
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|
|
|
|
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Thai |
877 |
0.1% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other Asian |
4,461 |
0.3% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pacific Islander |
7,371 |
0.6% |
|
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|
|
|
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|
Polynesian |
4,425 |
0.3% |
|
|
|
|
Hawaiian |
2,288 |
0.2% |
|
Hawaiian |
2,505 |
0.2% |
|
|
|
|
Samoan |
551 |
0.0% |
|
Samoan |
1,044 |
0.1% |
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|
|
|
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| |
Tongan |
771 |
0.1% |
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|
|
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| |
Other Polynesian |
105 |
0.0% |
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|
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Guamanian |
1,803 |
0.2% |
|
Micronesian -- Guamanian |
1,917 |
0.1% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Micronesian -- Other |
34 |
0.0% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Melanesian |
787 |
0.1% |
|
|
|
|
Other Asian and Pacific Islander |
2,316 |
0.2% |
|
Pacific Islander Not Specified |
208 |
0.0% |
All other |
9,450 |
0.9% |
|
Race, n.e.c. |
54,747 |
5.0% |
|
Other Race |
85,673 |
6.7% |
| | | | | | | | | | |
PERSONS OF SPANISH ORIGIN OR DESCENT | 86,585 |
8.1% |
|
SPANISH ORIGIN |
129,665 |
11.7% |
|
TOTAL HISPANIC |
176,017 |
13.8% |
| | | | | | | | | | |
SEX | | | |
SEX | | | |
SEX | | |
Male |
525,834 |
49.0% |
|
Male |
537,624 |
48.6% |
|
Male |
627,791 |
49.1% |
Female |
547,350 |
51.0% |
|
Female |
567,755 |
51.4% |
|
Female |
651,391 |
50.9% |
| | | | | | | | | | |
AGE | | | |
AGE | | | |
AGE | | |
Under 5 years |
83,947 |
7.8% |
|
Under 5 years |
71,380 |
6.5% |
|
Under 5 years |
95,466 |
7.5% |
5 to 19 years |
289,458 |
27.0% |
|
5 to 19 years |
246,161 |
22.3% |
|
5 to 17 years |
207,645 |
16.2% |
20 to 64 years |
600,580 |
56.0% |
|
20 to 64 years |
674,670 |
61.0% |
|
18 to 64 years |
840,786 |
65.7% |
65 years and over |
99,199 |
9.2% |
|
65 years and over |
113,168 |
10.2% |
|
65 years and over |
135,285 |
10.6% |
Median age |
28.0 |
X | |
Median age |
30.7 |
X | |
Median age |
32.9 |
X |
| | | | | | | | | | |
HOUSEHOLDS | | | |
HOUSEHOLDS | | | |
HOUSEHOLDS | | |
Head of household |
365,093 |
100.0% |
|
Total households |
427,372 |
100.0% |
|
Households |
480,079 |
100.0% |
Families |
266,500 |
73.0% |
|
Families |
276,801 |
64.8% |
|
Total families |
311,888 |
65.0% |
With own children under 18 years |
142,724 |
39.1% |
|
With own children under 18 years |
141,045 |
33.0% |
|
With own children under 18 years |
152,172 |
31.7% |
Persons per household |
2.84 |
X |
|
Persons per household |
2.52 |
X |
|
Persons per household |
2.59 |
X |
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|
| |
Persons per family |
3.15 |
X |
|
Persons per family |
3.18 |
X |
| | | | | | | | | | |
INCOME AND POVERTY IN 1969 | | | |
INCOME AND POVERTY IN 1979 | | | |
INCOME AND POVERTY IN 1989 | | |
Income of families and unrelated individuals |
11,133 |
X | |
Median household income |
18,700 |
X | |
Median household income |
37,544 |
X |
|
|
| |
Median family income |
22,863 |
X | |
Median family income |
45,037 |
X |
Income of persons |
3,718 |
X | |
Per capita income |
8,537 |
X | |
Per capita income |
17,547 |
X |
Less than poverty level |
|
11.4% |
|
Below poverty level |
|
11.3% |
|
Below poverty level |
|
10.3% |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | |
COMMUTING TO WORK | | | |
COMMUTING TO WORK | | |
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Mean travel time to work (minutes) |
24.6 |
X | |
Mean minutes traveled to work |
25.8 |
X |
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Mean travel time to work for workers traveling 45 or more minutes |
56.3 |
X | |
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| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | |
MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION TO WORK | | | |
MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION TO WORK | | |
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Workers 16 years and over |
505,450 |
100.0% |
|
Workers 16 years and over |
633,191 |
100.0% |
|
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Private vehicle |
392,051 |
77.6% |
|
Car, truck, or van |
503,548 |
79.5% |
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|
Drive alone car |
270,541 |
53.5% |
|
Drove alone |
422,775 |
66.8% |
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|
Drive alone truck or van |
40,788 |
8.1% |
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Carpool car |
69,247 |
13.7% |
|
Carpooled |
80,773 |
12.8% |
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|
|
Carpool truck or van |
11,475 |
2.3% |
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|
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|
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Public transportation |
63,326 |
12.5% |
|
Public transportation |
63,138 |
10.0% |
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|
|
Bus or streetcar |
49,762 |
9.8% |
|
Bus or trolley bus |
33,869 |
5.3% |
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|
|
|
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Streetcar or trolley car |
569 |
0.1% |
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|
|
|
Subway or elevated train |
12,397 |
2.5% |
|
Subway or elevated |
26,694 |
4.2% |
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|
|
Railroad |
1,004 |
0.2% |
|
Railroad |
1,305 |
0.2% |
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|
|
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Ferryboat |
432 |
0.1% |
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|
|
Taxicab |
163 |
0.0% |
|
Taxicab |
269 |
0.0% |
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|
|
Motorcycle |
4,485 |
0.9% |
|
Motorcycle |
3,214 |
0.5% |
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|
|
|
Bicycle |
6,856 |
1.4% |
|
Bicycle |
7,919 |
1.3% |
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|
|
Walked only |
24,059 |
4.8% |
|
Walked |
25,136 |
4.0% |
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|
|
Other means |
5,906 |
1.2% |
|
Other means |
5,350 |
0.8% |
|
|
|
|
Worked at home |
8,767 |
1.7% |
|
Working at home |
24,886 |
3.9% |
| | | | | | | | | | |
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE |
| | |
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE | | | |
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE | | |
Employed |
416,670 |
100.0% |
|
Employed |
514,727 |
100.0% |
|
Employed |
635,840 |
100.0% |
|