| Population | 21,230,362 (July 2021 est.) |
| Nationality | noun: Romanian(s) adjective: Romanian |
| Ethnic groups | Romanian 83.4%, Hungarian 6.1%, Romani 3.1%, Ukrainian 0.3%, German 0.2%, other 0.7%, unspecified 6.1% (2011 est.) note: Romani populations are usually underestimated in official statistics and may represent 5–11% of Romania's population |
| Languages | Romanian (official) 85.4%, Hungarian 6.3%, Romani 1.2%, other 1%, unspecified 6.1% (2011 est.) major-language sample(s): Cartea informativa a lumii, sursa indispensabila pentru informatii de baza. (Romanian) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. |
| Religions | Eastern Orthodox (including all sub-denominations) 81.9%, Protestant (various denominations including Reformed and Pentecostal) 6.4%, Roman Catholic 4.3%, other (includes Muslim) 0.9%, none or atheist 0.2%, unspecified 6.3% (2011 est.) |
| Age structure | 0-14 years: 14.12% (male 1,545,196/female 1,463,700) 15-24 years: 10.31% (male 1,126,997/female 1,068,817) 25-54 years: 46.26% (male 4,993,886/female 4,860,408) 55-64 years: 11.73% (male 1,176,814/female 1,322,048) 65 years and over: 17.58% (male 1,516,472/female 2,228,555) (2020 est.) |
| Dependency ratios | total dependency ratio: 53.3 youth dependency ratio: 23.8 elderly dependency ratio: 29.5 potential support ratio: 3.4 (2020 est.) |
| Median age | total: 42.5 years male: 41 years female: 44 years (2020 est.) |
| Population growth rate | -0.38% (2021 est.) |
| Birth rate | 8.39 births/1,000 population (2021 est.) |
| Death rate | 11.99 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.) |
| Net migration rate | -0.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.) |
| Population distribution | urbanization is not particularly high, and a fairly even population distribution can be found throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations; Hungarians, the country's largest minority, have a particularly strong presence in eastern Transylvania |
| Urbanization | urban population: 54.3% of total population (2021) rate of urbanization: -0.15% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) |
| Major cities - population | 1.794 million BUCHAREST (capital) (2021) |
| Sex ratio | at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 25-54 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 0.89 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2020 est.) |
| Mother's mean age at first birth | 26.9 years (2019 est.) |
| Maternal mortality rate | 19 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.) |
| Infant mortality rate | total: 9.41 deaths/1,000 live births male: 10.82 deaths/1,000 live births female: 7.91 deaths/1,000 live births (2021 est.) |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population: 76.3 years male: 72.88 years female: 79.94 years (2021 est.) |
| Total fertility rate | 1.38 children born/woman (2021 est.) |
| Drinking water source | improved: urban: 100% of population rural: 100% of population total: 100% of population unimproved: urban: 0% of population rural: 0% of population total: 0% of population (2017 est.) |
| Health expenditures | 5.6% (2018) |
| Physicians density | 2.98 physicians/1,000 population (2017) |
| Hospital bed density | 6.9 beds/1,000 population (2017) |
| Sanitation facility access | improved: urban: 95.3% of population rural: 71.5% of population total: 84.3% of population unimproved: urban: 4.7% of population rural: 28.5% of population total: 15.7% of population (2017 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate | 0.1% (2020 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS | 19,000 (2020 est.) note: estimate does not include children |
| HIV/AIDS - deaths | <500 (2020 est.) note: estimate does not include children |
| Obesity - adult prevalence rate | 22.5% (2016) |
| Education expenditures | 3.1% of GDP (2017) |
| Literacy | definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 98.8% male: 99.1% female: 98.6% (2018) |
| School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) | total: 14 years male: 14 years female: 15 years (2018) |
Source: CIA World Factbook
This page was last updated on September 18, 2021
