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Atlas of Peru

Countries of South America: Argentina · Bolivia · Brazil · Chile · Colombia · Ecuador · Guyana · Paraguay · Peru · Suriname · Trinidad and Tobago‡ · Uruguay · Venezuela
Other territories: Aruba · Bonaire · Curaçao · Falkland Islands · French Guiana · South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
‡: partly located in South America
Wikimedia Commons Atlas of the World

The Wikimedia Atlas of the World is an organized and commented collection of geographical, political and historical maps available at Wikimedia Commons.
Discussion • Update the atlas • Index of the Atlas • Atlas in categories • Other atlases on line
The introductions of the country, dependency and region entries are in the native languages and in English. The other introductions are in English.
 
Atlas-country
Peru
Perú
Piruw
Español Perú - República del Perú
La República del Perú es un país situado en la parte central y occidental de Sudamérica, frente al Océano Pacífico. Colinda con Ecuador y Colombia al norte, con los estados brasileños de Amazonas y Acre al este, con Bolivia al sureste y con Chile al sur. Su geografía le concede una gran diversidad de recursos naturales, principalmente genéticos y minerales, así como de especies y ecosistemas, por lo que es considerado un país megadiverso.
Qhichwa Simi Piruw - Piruw Mama Llaqta

Piruw: Uralan Abya Yalapi mama llaqtam. Wichay larumanta Ikwadur llaqtawan, Kulumbiya llaqtawan tinkuna, inti lluqsiy larumantataq Brasil llaqtawan Bulibiya llaqtawan tinkuna, uray larumantataq Chili llaqtawan Bulibiya llaqtawan Titiqaqa quchawan tinkuna, inti chinkay larumantataq Pasifiku mama quchawan tinkusqa.

Aymar Piruw - Piruw Suyu
English Peru - Republic of Peru

The Republic of Peru is a country in western South America, bordering ► Ecuador and ► Colombia to the north, ► Brazil to the east, ► Bolivia to the south-east, ► Chile to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. In addition to being known as the cradle of the Inca empire, Peru is the home of many indigenous ethnic groups.

Short name  Peru
Official name Republic of Peru
Status Independent country since 1821
Location South America
Capital Lima
Population 32,625,948 inhabitants
Area 1,285,220 square kilometres (496,230 sq mi)
Major languages Spanish (official), Quechua, Aymara
Major religions Roman Catholicism, Protestantism
More information Peru, Geography of Peru, History of Peru and Politics of Peru
More images Peru - Peru (Category).

General maps

Map of Peru
Map of Peru
Map of Peru
Relief map
Biomes in Peru

History maps

This section holds a short summary of the history of the area of present-day Peru, illustrated with maps, including historical maps of former countries and empires that included present-day Peru.

Pre-Inca cultures

  Present-day Peru is settled by Quechua and Aymara between the fifth and eight century. The Wari (or in Spanish spelling and other common name, Huari Culture) was a Middle Horizon civilization that flourished in the Andes in the south of modern-day Peru, from about 500 to 1200 A.D. The capital city of the same name is located near the modern city of Ayacucho, Peru. This city was the center of a civilization that covered much of the highlands and coast of modern Peru. Early on their territory expanded to include the ancient oracle center of Pachacamac, though it seems to have remained largely autonomous. Then later it expanded to include much of the territory of the earlier Moche and later Chimu cultures.
  Chimor (also Kingdom of Chimor) was the political grouping of the Chimú culture that ruled the northern coast of Peru, beginning around 850 AD and ending around 1470 AD. Chimor was the largest kingdom in the Late Intermediate period, encompassing 1000 km of coastline and including up to 2/3 of the people of the Andes. The greatest surviving ruin of this civilization is the mud city of Chan Chan.

Inca Empire

  The Inca Empire was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America, and at its peak had a large empire by world standards. The administrative, political and military center of the empire was located in Cuzco. The Inca Empire arose from the highlands of Peru around 1197. From 1438 to 1533, the Incas used conquest and peaceful assimilation to incorporate a large portion of western South America, centered on the Andean mountain ranges, including large parts of modern Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, and Chile.See for more maps the Atlas of the Inca Empire.

Spanish rule

  In 1527 the Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro discovers the Inca Empire. The Spanish capture the Incan capital at Cuzco by 1533 and consolidated their control by 1542. Spain founds in 1544 the Viceroyalty of Peru, including also large parts of South America. This map shows the Viceroyalty of Peru in its maximum and minimum de iure extention.
  Another map of the Spanish Vice-Royalty of Peru.

Independent Peru

Peru's independence movement led by Jose de San Martin proclaims Peruvian independence from Spain in 1821 as a federal state existing out of Peru and Upper Peru. Since 1822 the country is named Peruvian Republic. Spain is defeated in 1824. In 1825 Upper Peru secedes as Bolivia.
  In 1836 the president of Bolivia launched a project to confederate Peru and Bolivia under his "Protectorship." Both the South-Peruvian State and the North-Peruvian State are proclaimed, in each case de Santa Cruz is state's "Supreme Protector" with full powers. The Peru-Bolivian Confederation is proclaimed 1836. The confederation lasts until 1839.
  Peru-Bolivian Confederation
 
  Republic of North Peru
  Republic of South Peru
  Chile's victory over Peru and Bolivia in the War of the Pacific (1879-83) result in a territorial settlement. Between 1881 and 1883 Peru is occupied and it has to secede the province of Tarapacá to Chile.
  This map shows the border changes as a consequence of the war.
  Following the Ecuadorian-Peruvian War of 1941, the Rio Protocol sought to formalize the boundary between those two countries. This map shows the remaining territory disputed.

Old maps

This section holds copies of original general maps more than 70 years old.

  Peru 1597, Cornelis van Wytfliet
  Peru 1635, Guiljelmus Blaeuw
  Peru 1647, Ioannem Ianssonium
  Peru 1652, Nicholas Sanson d’Abbeville
  Peru and the coast of South America, 1659
  Peru 1683, Allain Mannesson Mallet
  Peru 1720, Hermann Moll
  Peru 1750, Eman Bowen

Regions, provinces, and districts

  Regions of Peru
  Provinces of Peru
  Districts of Peru
  Political division of Peru
  • Regions and departments
  •  
    Amazonas
  •  
    Ancash
  •  
    Apurímac
  •  
    Arequipa
  •  
    Ayacucho
  •  
    Cajamarca
  •  
    Callao
  •  
    Cuzco
  •  
    Huancavelica
  •  
    Huánuco
  •  
    Ica
  •  
    Junín
  •  
    La Libertad
  •  
    Lambayeque
  •  
    Lima
  •  
    Loreto
  •  
    Madre de Dios
  •  
    Moquegua
  •  
    Pasco
  •  
    Piura
  •  
    Puno
  •  
    San Martín
  •  
    Tacna
  •  
    Tumbes
  •  
    Ucayali
  • Regions and departments (cropped version)
  •  
    Amazonas
  •  
    Ancash
  •  
    Apurímac
  •  
    Arequipa
  •  
    Ayacucho
  •  
    Cajamarca
  •  
    Cusco
  •  
    Huancavelica
  •  
    Huánuco
  •  
    Ica
  •  
    Junín
  •  
    La Libertad
  •  
    Lambayeque
  •  
    Lima
  •  
    Loreto
  •  
    Madre de Dios
  •  
    Moquegua
  •  
    Pasco
  •  
    Piura
  •  
    Puno
  •  
    San Martín
  •  
    Tacna
  •  
    Tumbes
  •  
    Ucayali

Language maps

  Quechua language

Other maps

  Economy map
  Traditional geographical regions
  Vegetation map
  Fauna map
  Claimed territorial seas

Satellite maps

  Satellite map

Notes and references

General remarks:

  • The WIKIMEDIA COMMONS Atlas of the World is an organized and commented collection of geographical, political and historical maps available at Wikimedia Commons. The main page is therefore the portal to maps and cartography on Wikimedia. That page contains links to entries by country, continent and by topic as well as general notes and references.
  • Every entry has an introduction section in English. If other languages are native and/or official in an entity, introductions in other languages are added in separate sections. The text of the introduction(s) is based on the content of the Wikipedia encyclopedia. For sources of the introduction see therefore the Wikipedia entries linked to. The same goes for the texts in the history sections.
  • Historical maps are included in the continent, country and dependency entries.
  • The status of various entities is disputed. See the content for the entities concerned.
  • The maps of former countries that are more or less continued by a present-day country or had a territory included in only one or two countries are included in the atlas of the present-day country. For example the Ottoman Empire can be found in the Atlas of Turkey.

Entries available in the atlas

General pages
Atlas   ■ Historical atlas   ■ Index of the Atlas   ■ Names in native languages

The world and its continents and oceans
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Historical eras
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Entities with undisputed sovereign status
Afghanistan   ■ Albania   ■ Algeria   ■ Andorra   ■ Angola   ■ Antigua and Barbuda   ■ Argentina   ■ Armenia   ■ Australia   ■ Austria   ■ Azerbaijan   ■ Bahamas   ■ Bahrain   ■ Bangladesh   ■ Barbados   ■ Belarus   ■ Belgium   ■ Belize   ■ Benin   ■ Bhutan   ■ Bolivia   ■ Bosnia and Herzegovina   ■ Botswana   ■ Brazil   ■ Brunei   ■ Bulgaria   ■ Burkina Faso   ■ Burundi   ■ Cambodia   ■ Cameroon   ■ Canada   ■ Cape Verde   ■ Central African Republic   ■ Chad   ■ Chile   ■ China   ■ Colombia   ■ Comoros   ■ Congo (Democratic Republic)   ■ Congo (Republic)   ■ Costa Rica   ■ Côte d’Ivoire   ■ Croatia   ■ Cuba   ■ Cyprus   ■ Czech Republic   ■ Denmark   ■ Djibouti   ■ Dominica   ■ Dominican Republic   ■ East Timor   ■ Ecuador   ■ Egypt   ■ El Salvador   ■ Equatorial Guinea   ■ Eritrea   ■ Estonia   ■ Eswatini   ■ Ethiopia   ■ Fiji   ■ Finland   ■ France   ■ Gabon   ■ Gambia   ■ Georgia   ■ Germany   ■ Ghana   ■ Greece   ■ Grenada   ■ Guatemala   ■ Guinea   ■ Guinea-Bissau   ■ Guyana   ■ Haiti   ■ Honduras   ■ Hungary   ■ Iceland   ■ India   ■ Indonesia   ■ Iran   ■ Iraq   ■ Ireland   ■ Israel   ■ Italy   ■ Jamaica   ■ Japan   ■ Jordan   ■ Kazakhstan   ■ Kenya   ■ Kiribati   ■ Korea (Democratic People’s Republic)   ■ Korea (Republic)   ■ Kuwait   ■ Kyrgyzstan   ■ Laos   ■ Latvia   ■ Lebanon   ■ Lesotho   ■ Liberia   ■ Libya   ■ Liechtenstein   ■ Lithuania   ■ Luxembourg   ■ Madagascar   ■ Malawi   ■ Malaysia   ■ Maldives   ■ Mali   ■ Malta   ■ Marshall Islands   ■ Mauritania   ■ Mauritius   ■ Mexico   ■ Micronesia (Federated States)   ■ Moldova   ■ Monaco   ■ Mongolia   ■ Montenegro   ■ Morocco   ■ Mozambique   ■ Myanmar   ■ Namibia   ■ Nauru   ■ Nepal   ■ Netherlands   ■ New Zealand   ■ Nicaragua   ■ Niger   ■ Nigeria   ■ North Macedonia   ■ Norway   ■ Oman   ■ Pakistan   ■ Palau   ■ Panama   ■ Papua New Guinea   ■ Paraguay   ■ Peru   ■ Philippines   ■ Poland   ■ Portugal   ■ Qatar   ■ Romania   ■ Russia   ■ Rwanda   ■ Saint Kitts and Nevis   ■ Saint Lucia   ■ Saint Vincent and the Grenadines   ■ Samoa   ■ San Marino   ■ São Tomé and Príncipe   ■ Saudi Arabia   ■ Senegal   ■ Serbia   ■ Seychelles   ■ Sierra Leone   ■ Singapore   ■ Slovakia   ■ Slovenia   ■ Solomon Islands   ■ Somalia   ■ South Africa   ■ South Sudan   ■ Spain   ■ Sri Lanka   ■ Sudan   ■ Suriname   ■ Sweden   ■ Switzerland   ■ Syria   ■ Tajikistan   ■ Tanzania   ■ Thailand   ■ Togo   ■ Tonga   ■ Trinidad and Tobago   ■ Tunisia   ■ Turkey   ■ Turkmenistan   ■ Tuvalu   ■ Uganda   ■ Ukraine   ■ United Arab Emirates   ■ United Kingdom   ■ United States   ■ Uruguay   ■ Uzbekistan   ■ Vanuatu   ■ Vatican City   ■ Venezuela   ■ Vietnam   ■ Yemen   ■ Zambia   ■ Zimbabwe

Entities with disputed sovereign status
Abkhazia   ■ Artsakh   ■ Kosovo   ■ Northern Cyprus   ■ Palestine   ■ Somaliland   ■ South Ossetia   ■ Taiwan   ■ Tatarstan   ■ Transnistria   ■ Western Sahara

Dependencies and other overseas territories
Akrotiri and Dhekelia   ■ Åland   ■ American Samoa   ■ Anguilla   ■ Aruba   ■ Ascension Island   ■ Ashmore and Cartier Islands   ■ Baker Island   ■ Bermuda   ■ Bouvet Island   ■ British Indian Ocean Territory   ■ British Virgin Islands   ■ Cayman Islands   ■ Christmas Island   ■ Clipperton Island   ■ Cocos (Keeling) Islands   ■ Cook Islands   ■ Coral Sea Islands   ■ Curaçao   ■ Faroe Islands   ■ French Guiana   ■ French Polynesia   ■ French Southern and Antarctic Lands   ■ Gibraltar   ■ Greenland   ■ Guadeloupe   ■ Guam   ■ Guantanamo Bay   ■ Guernsey   ■ Heard Island and McDonald Islands   ■ Hong Kong   ■ Howland Island   ■ Isle of Man   ■ Jan Mayen   ■ Jarvis Island   ■ Jersey   ■ Johnston Atoll   ■ Kingman Reef   ■ Macau   ■ Martinique   ■ Mayotte   ■ Midway Atoll   ■ Montserrat   ■ Navassa Island   ■ New Caledonia   ■ Niue   ■ Norfolk Island   ■ Northern Mariana Islands   ■ Palmyra Atoll   ■ Pitcairn Islands   ■ Puerto Rico   ■ Réunion   ■ Saint Helena   ■ Saint Martin (France)   ■ Saint-Barthélemy   ■ Saint-Pierre and Miquelon   ■ Sint Maarten (Netherlands)   ■ Svalbard   ■ Tokelau   ■ Tristan da Cunha   ■ Turks and Caicos Islands   ■ United States Virgin Islands   ■ Wake Island   ■ Wallis and Futuna

Disputed subnational entities and territories
Bajo Nuevo Bank   ■ Crimea   ■ Falkland Islands   ■ Gilgit–Baltistan   ■ Kurdistan (Syrian)   ■ Kashmir   ■ Ladakh   ■ Paracel Islands   ■ Serranilla Bank   ■ South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands   ■ Spratly Islands   ■

Subnational autonomous entities
Aceh   ■ Adjara   ■ Adygea   ■ Altai   ■ Andalusia   ■ Aosta Valley   ■ Aragon   ■ Asturias   ■ Athos   ■ Azores   ■ Balearic Islands   ■ Bashkortostan   ■ Basque Autonomous Community   ■ Bonaire   ■ Bosnia and Herzegovina (Federation of)   ■ Bougainville   ■ Brussels   ■ Buryatia   ■ Canary Islands   ■ Catalonia   ■ Chechnya   ■ Chuvashia   ■ Corsica   ■ Dagestan   ■ Easter Island   ■ England   ■ Extremadura   ■ Flanders   ■ Friuli-Venezia Giulia   ■ Gagauzia   ■ Galicia   ■ Galápagos Islands   ■ Gilgit–Baltistan   ■ Gorno-Badakhshan   ■ Guangxi   ■ Ingushetia   ■ Islamabad Capital Territory   ■ Inner Mongolia   ■ Kabardino-Balkaria   ■ Kalmykia   ■ Karachay-Cherkessia   ■ Karakalpakstan   ■ Karelia   ■ Khakassia   ■ Komi   ■ Kurdistan (Iraqi)   ■ Khyber Pakhtunkhwa   ■ Madeira   ■ Mari El   ■ Muslim Mindanao   ■ Mordovia   ■ Nakhichevan   ■ Navarre   ■ Nevis   ■ Ningxia   ■ North Ossetia – Alania   ■ Northern Ireland   ■ Nunatsiavut   ■ Quebec   ■ Saba   ■ Sakha   ■ Sardinia   ■ Scotland   ■ Sicily   ■ Sindh   ■ Sint Eustatius   ■ Srpska   ■ Tibet   ■ Tłı̨chǫ   ■ Trentino-Alto Adige   ■ Tuva   ■ Udmurtia   ■ Vojvodina   ■ Wales   ■ Wallonia   ■ Xinjiang   ■ Zanzibar

Other regions
Basque Country   ■ Burzenland   ■ Catalan Countries   ■ Frisia   ■ Kurdistan   ■ Manchuria   ■ Sápmi   ■ Svenskfinland   ■ Székely Land   ■ Transylvania

Former sovereign nations
Austria-Hungary   ■ Byzantine Empire   ■ Caliphate   ■ Czechoslovakia   ■ Frankish Empire   ■ Kingdom of Hawaiʻi   ■ Inca Empire   ■ Iroquois Confederacy   ■ Macedonian Empire   ■ Ottoman Empire   ■ Prussia   ■ Roman Empire   ■ Soviet Union   ■ Republic of Texas   ■ Vermont Republic   ■ Republic of West Florida   ■ Yugoslavia

Former dependencies and overseas territories
Netherlands Antilles

Former disputed territories
Tamil Eelam

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