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Commons:Lisensmaler/Landsspesifikke merker

< Commons:Copyright tags
This page is a translated version of a page Commons:Copyright tags/Country-specific tags and the translation is 29% complete. Changes to the translation template, respectively the source language can be submitted through Commons:Copyright tags/Country-specific tags and have to be approved by a translation administrator.
Outdated translations are marked like this.
Other languages:

Country-specific license tags show the reason why a file uploaded to Wikimedia Commons is in the public domain in its country of origin. If a file was created or first published outside the United States, another tag should show why it is in the public domain in the United States. A file may be in the public domain in its country of origin based on the date of death of the author, date of publication, type of work, organization that commissioned the work and so on.

See Commons:Copyright rules by territory for details of country-specific rules. See Category:License tags by country for a complete list of country-specific license tags including public domain, free use and descriptive license tags.

The list below gives information "transcluded" from page sections that give the copyright tags specific to each country or territory. It may be incomplete. Tags are also given for the United Nations and the European Union.

Click on a link in the box to the right for a complete list of all countries in a region (e.g. Africa), showing country-specific tags where available.

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COM:TAG United Nations

De forente nasjoner

  • {{PD-US-no notice-UN}}: Work is excerpted from an official document of the United Nations published in the United States prior to 17 September 1987.
  • {{PD-UN-doc}}: Published by the United Nations without a copyright notice, was left in the public domain in order to disseminate "as widely as possible the ideas (contained) in the United Nations Publications". It falls into one of the following categories outlined in Administrative Instruction ST/AI/189/Add.9/Rev.2 (paragraph 2):
    • Official records (proceedings of conferences, verbatim and summary records, periodic supplements, compilations of resolutions, etc.)
    • United Nations documents issued with a UN document symbol
    • Public information material designed primarily to inform the public about United Nations activities (not including material that is offered for sale)
  • {{PD-UN-map}}: United Nations maps.
  • {{PD-LN}}: Official records of the League of Nations, transferred to the United Nations when the league dissolved in 1946.
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COM:TAG European Union

Den europeiske union

The following tags apply to works published in any country which has copyright legislation harmonized to the European Union directives.

  • {{PD-old-70}} – for works in the public domain because their copyright has expired in countries and areas copyrighting works for life plus 70 years or less.
  • {{PD-anon-70-EU}} – anonymous work more than 70 years old (European Union).
  • {{PD-EU-no author disclosure}} – anonymous work published more than 70 years ago without a public claim of authorship and no subsequent claim of authorship in the 70 years following its first publication (European Union).
  • {{PD-EEA}} - for materiale fra EEAs nettside; uklart om de kan modifiseres; bruk inntil videre kun til journalistiske eller vitenskapelige kontekster.

Individual countries of the European Union may also have country-specific tags.

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COM:TAG Abkhazia

Abkhasia

  • {{PD-AB-exempt}} for works that are not objects of copyright.
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COM:TAG Afghanistan

Afghanistan

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COM:TAG Albania

Albania

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COM:TAG Algeria

Algerie

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COM:TAG Argentina

Argentina

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COM:TAG Armenia

Armenia

  • {{PD-Armenia}} – for anonymous works or pseudonymous works 70 years after creation, other works 70 years after the death of the (last-surviving) author, "expressions of traditional folklore and art" or "political speeches, speeches delivered in the court," or "official documents, legal acts, treaties and the official translations thereof, state emblems and signs (flags, coats of arms, medals, monetary signs)."
  • {{PD-AM-exempt}} – for works of folklore; communications on daily news or on current events that are press information; official documents (laws, decisions, decrees, etc.) as well as their official translations; state emblems and signs (flags, coats of arm (armorial bearings), medals (decorations), monetary signs, etc.); results obtained by technical means without the intervention of human creative activity.
  • {{President.am}} - for works from president.am
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COM:TAG Azerbaijan

Aserbajdsjan

  • {{PD-AZ-exempt}} – for official documents (laws, court decisions, other texts of legislative, administrative or judicial character) and official translations thereof; State emblems and official signs (flags, armorial bearings, decorations, monetary signs and other State symbols and official signs); works of folklore, which have no signs of Article 5 of this law; communications concerning events and facts that have informational character.
  • {{President.az}} – The permission letter from the Press Secretary for the President of Azerbaijan is available here:
The are no restrictions on the full or partial use of textual, photographic, video and audio material featured on the official website of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan by the media outlets, internet resources and information carriers. This also applies to television channels, radio stations, newspapers, magazines, scientific publications and encyclopedias (including online encyclopedias).

All materials on the website are available under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.

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COM:TAG Australia

Australia

No information available
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COM:TAG Bahrain

Bahrain

  • {{PD-Bahrain}} – for films 70 years from publication, for other works 70 years after the author's death.
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COM:TAG Bangladesh

Bangladesh

  • {{PD-Bangladesh}} - for photographs and films 60 years starting from the end of the year it was produced; for other works 60 years after the death of the author, or last-surviving author.
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COM:TAG Belgium

Belgia

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COM:TAG Bolivia

Bolivia

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COM:TAG Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnia-Hercegovina

  • {{PD-BH-exempt}} – for works exempt from copyright under Bosnia and Herzegovina law (“ideas, plans, …, official texts, …, professional reports, …” – see license template for details)
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COM:TAG Brazil

Brasil

  • {{PD-BrazilGov}} – for offisielle, offentlige, nasjonale, utenlandske eller internasjonale våpen, medaljer, flagg, emblemer merker og monumenter.
  • {{PD-Brazil-media}} – for Brazilian photographs and audiovisual works first published more than 70 years ago.
  • {{PD-Brazil-URAA}}

See also Category:License tags attribution from Brazil, for example:

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COM:TAG Brunei

Brunei

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COM:TAG Bulgaria

Bulgaria

  • {{PD-BG-exempt}} – for works exempt from copyright under Bulgaria law.
  • {{PD-BulgarianGov}} – for government works exempt from copyright under Bulgaria law.
  • {{PD-BGMFA}} — for works published on the website of the Bulgarian Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
  • {{President.bg}} — for works published on the website of the Administration of the President of the Republic of Bulgaria.
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COM:TAG Canada

Canada

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COM:TAG Chile

Chile

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COM:TAG Colombia

Colombia

  • {{PD-Colombia}} – generally 80 years after the author's death or 80 years after publication of audiovisual works, collective works and anonymous works. In all cases where a work has as its owner a legal entity or an official body or any institution under government public law, the term of protection shall be deemed to be 70 years as from the date of publication.
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COM:TAG Costa Rica

Costa Rica

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COM:TAG Cuba

Cuba

  • {{PD-Cuba}} – for works made in Cuba whose copyright has expired.
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COM:TAG Denmark

Danmark

  • {{PD-Denmark}} – for "photographic works of art" in the public domain according to Danish law.
  • {{PD-Denmark50}} – for fotografiske bilder i public domain i henhold til dansk lov.
  • {{PD-DenmarkGov}} – for "acts, administrative orders, legal decisions and similar official documents," but not "works appearing as independent contributions in the [aforementioned] documents."
  • {{DGA map}} – for media in either full extent or partially based in Danish Geodata Agency open public geographic data. This tag does not preclude use of other copyright tags.
  • {{Statistics Denmark}} – for media in either full extent or partially based on information from Statistics Denmark. This tag does not preclude use of other copyright tags.
  • {{PD-DK-expired}} – for works where all authors have been dead for 70 years, which is the maximum amount of copyright allowed according to the 2023 law.
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COM:TAG United Arab Emirates

De forente arabiske emirater

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COM:TAG Democratic Republic of the Congo

Kongo

  • {{PD-Democratic Republic of the Congo}} – for all anonymous or pseudonymous works published 50 years ago, or 50 years have passed since the death of the author, or it is a photograph and 25 years have passed since publication, or it is an "official act of authority" and ineligible for copyright protection.
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COM:TAG European Union

Den europeiske union

Commons:Copyright rules by territory/European Union/nb
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COM:TAG Ottoman Empire

Det osmanske rike

  • {{PD-Ottoman}} – for works published in the Ottoman Empire, all of which are currently in the public domain.
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COM:TAG Djibouti

Djibouti

  • {{PD-Djibouti}} – for works made in Djibouti whose copyright has expired (50 years after author's death, or 25 years after creation for photographic works, see details in the template). The Republic of Djibouti being the successor state of French Somaliland (Côte française des Somalis) and the French Territory of the Afars and the Issas, this applies to works published in those territories as well.
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COM:TAG Egypt

Egypt

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COM:TAG Ivory Coast

Elfenbenskysten

  • {{PD-Cote d'Ivoire}} The copyright term is generally 70 years after the author's death or 70 years after publication.
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COM:TAG Estonia

Estland

  • {{PD-EE-exempt}} – copyright does not apply to works of folklore, legislation and administrative documents, court decisions and official translations thereof; official symbols of the state and insignia of organizations. Freedom of panorama in Estonia is restricted to non-commercial uses only, or to overview photos.
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COM:TAG Ethiopia

Etiopia

  • {{PD-Ethiopia}} – copyright term is generally 50 years after the author's death, or from the making of an audiovisual work or communication of said work to the public, whichever date is the latest. Copyright of a photographic work is 25 years from the making of the work.[410/2004 Article 20/1,7,8]
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COM:TAG Fiji

Fiji

  • {{PD-Fiji}} – for photographs at least 50 years after production.
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COM:TAG Philippines

Filippinene

  • {{PD-Philippines}} – for verker fra Filippinene hvor vernetiden har utløpt eller de har blitt sluppet i public domain.
  • {{PD-PhilippinesGov}} – for works of the government of the Philippines exempted from copyright as stated by Republic Act No. 8293.
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COM:TAG Finland

Finland

  • {{PD-Finland50}} – for fotografiske bilder i public domain i henhold til finsk lov.
  • {{PD-Finland}} – for fotografiske verker i public domain i henhold til finsk lov.
  • {{PD-FinlandGov}} – for lover, uttalelser og avgjørelser fra finske myndigheter.
  • {{PD-Coa-Finland}} – for finske heraldiske våpen for kommuner (kunta), distrikter (maakunta) og administrative eller historiske provinser (lääni).
  • {{PD-FinlandStamp}} – for postage stamps published before January 1, 1990.
  • {{PD-Kansallisarkisto}} – for archives material from the digital database of Finnish National Archives Service
  • {{PD-Raita}} – for records from the Raita database.[1]
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COM:TAG France

Frankrike

  • {{PD-France}} – Public domain because the author(s) died more than 70 years ago and did not benefit from any copyright extension, or it is an anonymous, pseudonymous or collective work and more than 70 years have passed since its publication, or it is the recording of an audiovisual or musical work already in the public domain, and more than 50 years have passed since the performance or the recording.
  • {{PD-Archivesnormandie}} – for pictures from the site Archives Normandie 1939-45. Pictures credited to the National Archives USA or the National Archives Canada and tagged "libres de droits" are in the public domain.
  • {{PD-BnFMandragorePic}} – for digitized version of old images from the Mandragore database at the Bibliothèque Nationale de France.[2]
  • {{PD-GallicaScan}} – for digitized version of old books from the gallica.bnf.fr library at the Bibliothèque Nationale de France
  • {{PD-JORF}} – for offisielle franske lovtekster slik de ble publisert i Journal officiel de la République Française (eller gjengitt på Légifrance; NB! Ikke alle tekster på Légifrance er i public domain; mange er sluppet under frie lisenser og noen under ufrie.
  • {{PD-JORF-nor-conso}} – for bilder med NOR (identification number) og indeks for oppdatert tekst.
  • {{PD-ID-France}} – Ineligible for copyright and therefore in the public domain because it is a legally valid French identity photograph.
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COM:TAG Faroe Islands

Færøyene

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COM:TAG Georgia

Georgia

  • {{PD-GE-exempt}} – for official documents (laws, decisions of courts, other texts of administrative and normative character), as well as their official translations; official symbols of state (flag, emblem, anthem, award, monetary symbols, other official signs and symbols of state); information of events and facts.
  • {{PD-Georgia}} – for works first published in Georgia and now in the public domain because a copyright protection has expired by virtue of the Law of Georgia on Copyright and Neighboring Rights.
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COM:TAG Haiti

Haiti

  • {{PD-Haiti}} – General copyright protection last for 60 years.[2005 Article 20–24] Photographic works are protected for 25 years after the end of the year the work was created.[2005 Article 25]
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COM:TAG Greece

Hellas

  • {{PD-GreekGov}} – for images which are part of official legislative, administrative or judicial documents issued by the Greek Government.
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COM:TAG Hong Kong

Hongkong

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COM:TAG Belarus

Belarus

  • {{PD-BY-exempt}} – for formal documents (laws, judgements, other texts of legal, administrative and judicial nature), and also their official translations; state symbols and signs (flag, coat of arms, anthem, awards, banknotes and other signs); works of folk arts, authors of which are not known.
  • {{PD-Belarus}} – for works 50 years after the author's (or last-surviving co-author) death or 50 years after the first legal publication of the work published under pseudonym or anonymously.
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COM:TAG India

India

  • {{PD-India}} – for indiske bilder og lydopptak i public domain. Pr. 2005 gjelder dette alle bilder og lydopptak publisert før 1. januar 1945, såfremt de ikke inneholder annet beskyttet materiale. Gjelder også verker fra indiske myndigheter publisert før samme dato.
  • {{PD-India-photo-1958}} – Photographs created before 1958 are in the public domain 50 years after creation.
  • {{PD-India-URAA}} – For work that is public domain in the United States because it was first published in India (and not published in the U.S. within 30 days) and it was first published before 1978 without complying with U.S. copyright formalities or after 1978 without copyright notice and it was in the public domain in its home country India on the URAA date January 1, 1996.
  • {{EdictGov-India}} – For edicts of the Government of India whose copyright have not expired. Subject to restrictions, these include laws, judgements, and Reports on the Table of the Legislature.
  • {{Indian navy}} – For works from the Indian Navy.
  • {{Indian Army}} – For works from the Indian Army.
  • Works by the Government of India can be uploaded under {{GODL-India}} (central government only, not state governments). (under discussion, see template talk page).
  • {{PD-TamilGov}} – Work in the public domain because it was nationalized by Tamil Nadu Government and released into the Public Domain.
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COM:TAG Indonesia

Indonesia

  • {{PD-IDGov}} – for works published and/or distributed by the government of Republic of Indonesia and fulfills the conditions of Article 43 of the 2014 Copyright Law on copyrights., see Commons:Licensing
  • {{PD-IDOld-Art58}} – for works whose copyright has expired according to Article 58 of the 2014 Copyright Law
  • {{PD-IDOld-Art59}} – for works whose copyright has expired according to Article 59 of the 2014 Copyright Law
  • {{PD-IDUnknown}} – for works by unknown authors whose copyright has expired according to section (2) and (3) from Articles 60 of the 2014 Copyright Law
  • {{PD-IDNoCopyright}} – no copyright according to Article 42 of the 2014 Copyright Law
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COM:TAG Iraq

Irak

  • {{PD-Iraq}} – photos 50 years after publication, starting from the publication date.
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COM:TAG Iran

Iran

  • {{PD-Iran}} – for fotos og filmer 30 år etter publikasjon. For andre typer verker er vernetiden forfatterens levetid pluss 30 år.
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COM:TAG Ireland

Irland

  • {{PD-IrishGov}} – Irish government works are generally released to the public domain 50 years after creation.
  • {{PD-Ireland-anon}} – For works whose author remains unknown and at least 70 years have passed since it was available to the public.
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COM:TAG Israel

Israel

  • {{PD-Israel}} – according to Israel's copyright law, works are released to the public domain 70 years after their author's death, starting from January 1st which occurs after the date of death. Photographs taken before May 2008 are released to the public domain 50 years after their creation, starting from January 1st which occurs after the day in which the photograph was taken. Photographs taken by a public authority (i.e. the government and its affiliated bodies) are released to public domain 50 years after their publication, starting from January 1st which occurs after the date of the first publication. According to the new Israeli copyright law, effective since May 2008, photographs are no longer an exception, and are released to the public domain 70 years after their photographer's death, unless taken by a public authority in which case the previous arrangement remains.
    • {{PD-IsraelGov}} – specific for the expiration of the State of Israel's copyrights (also included in the last section of {{tl:PD-Israel}})
  • {{Money-IL}} – for Israeli banknotes and coins.
  • {{Insignia-Israel}} – for flag, emblems, coats of arms or some other official symbol which were declared a protected symbol in Israel.
  • {{FoP-Israel}} - "Broadcasting, or copying by way of photography, drawing, sketch or similar visual description, of an architectural work, a work of sculpture or work of applied art, are permitted where the aforesaid work is permanently situated in a public place."
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COM:TAG Italy

Italia

  • {{PD-Italy}} – for simple (non-artistic) photographs originating in Italy for which the copyright has expired.
  • {{PD-Italy-audio}} – for audio recording both created and published in Italy at least fifty years ago, of a work which is itself in the public domain.
  • For works where the author died at least seventy years ago, {{PD-old}} applies.
  • For anonymous or pseudonymous works published at least 70 years ago, use {{Anonymous-EU}}.
  • {{PD-Italy-EdictGov}} – for most edicts of the Italian government.
  • {{PD-ItalyGov}} – for works published by the Italian administration or by Italian nonprofit organisations.
  • {{Italy-CAD-OBD}} - for works published by any Italian administration without an explicit license.
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COM:TAG Japan

Japan

  • {{PD-Japan-oldphoto}} – for japanske fotos publisert før 31. desember 1956, eller fotos tatt før 1946 selv om de ikke ble publisert i løpet av ti år.
  • {{PD-Japan}} – for japanske ikke-fotografiske verk 50 år etter opphavspersonens død, eller siste opphavspersons død dersom det er flere.
  • {{PD-Japan-film}} – for films produced in Japan prior to 1953
  • {{PD-Japan-organization}} – for images of the works in names of organizations/companies/corporations 50 years after the publication. Valid for works by the name of organizations which were published before 1968.
  • {{PD-Japan-exempt}} – for works exempt from copyright in Japan.
  • {{GJSTU1}} - For contents made available on government websites under the Government of Japan Standard Terms of Use (Version 1.0).
  • {{GJSTU-2.0}} - For contents made available on government websites under the Government of Japan Standard Terms of Use (Ver.2.0); compatible with CC BY 4.0.

Non-copyright tags:

  • {{FoP-Japan}} may be added to a picture that includes architectural works, which are allowed under the "freedom of panorama" rule, but other tags should be given to show the picture's copyright status in Japan and the United States.
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COM:TAG Yemen

Jemen

  • {{PD-Yemen}} – details are provided by the template. This also applies to old works published in the former states of Aden Settlement, Aden Province, Aden Colony, Aden Protectorate, the Federation of South Arabia and the People's Republic of Yemen, as Yemen is the successor state of these states.
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COM:TAG Jordan

Jordan

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COM:TAG Yugoslavia

Jugoslavia

For more information about Yugoslav copyright laws, see sh:Wikipedia:Autorska prava na području bivše Jugoslavije on the Serbo-Croatian Wikipedia.

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COM:TAG Cambodia

Kambodsja

  • {{PD-Cambodia}} - Works where the (last surviving) author has been dead for over 50 years. Collective, anonymous, pseudonymous or collective audio-visual works 75 years after creation or publication.[2003 Article 30–31]
  • {{PD-CambodiaGov}} - ineligible for copyright because it is one of: "Constitution, Law, Royal Decree, Sub-Decree, ... other Regulation, ... Proclamation (Prakas), decision, certificate, other instructed circulars issued by state organizations" and "Court decision or other court warrants" including translations thereof or "Idea, formality, method of operation, concept, principle, discovery or mere data, even if expressed, described, explained or embodied in any work."[2003 Article 10]
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COM:TAG Kazakhstan

Kasakhstan

  • {{PD-KZ-exempt}} – for official documents (laws, court decisions and other texts of a legislative, administrative, judicial or diplomatic nature) together with official translations thereof, state emblems and official signs (flags, armorial bearings, decorations, monetary signs and other State symbols and official signs), works of folklore, communications concerning events and facts that have an informational character.
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COM:TAG Kenya

Kenya

  • {{PD-Kenya}} – for works whose author died more than 50 years ago (for photographs 50 years after first publication).
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COM:TAG China

Kina

  • {{PD-China}} – For bilder i public domain i henhold til lovgivning i Folkerepublikken Kina (fastlands-Kina) og Republikken Kina (Taiwan).
  • {{PD-China-film}} – for movies or images from movies published in the China more than 50 years ago according to Mainland China and Taiwan.
  • {{PD-Empire of China Government Gazette}} – for the Government Gazette from May January to March 1916 (Hongxian Year 1) by the Empire of China.
  • {{PD-Manchukuo-stamps}} – for images of Manchukuo stamps that are now in the public domain in China.
People's Republic of China
Republic of China

Works with these tags may be published before or after 1949 within the jurisdiction of the Republic of China:

Older (1912–1949) works published within the jurisdiction of the Republic of China
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COM:TAG Kyrgyzstan

Kirgisistan

  • In general, {{PD-Kyrgyzstan}} applies.
  • {{PD-KG-exempt}} – for official documents (laws, resolutions, decisions, etc.) as well as official translations thereof; State emblems and official signs (flags, armorial bearings, orders, monetary signs and etc.); Works of folklore; Information on the news of the day or information on the current events that are of the common press-information character; The results obtained with the help of technical means for the production of a certain type without creative activity of a man directly targeted for creation of an individual work (as amended by Law #120 from November 6, 1999).
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COM:TAG Kosovo

Kosovo

  • {{PD-KosovoGov}} – for public domain Kosovar official works, state symbols, stamps, money etc.
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COM:TAG Croatia

Kroatia

  • {{PD-Croatia-exempt}} – for works exempt from copyright under the Croatian law.
  • {{PD-Croatia}} – for works whose author died before 1949 or published before 1949 if anonymous (public domain prior to introduction of the new law in 1999).
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COM:TAG Kuwait

Kuwait

  • {{PD-Kuwait}} – photographs, films and two dimensional artistic works 50 years after publication, starting from the end of the publication year.
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COM:TAG Latvia

Latvia

  • {{PD-LV-exempt}} – for official Latvian State symbols and insignia (flags, coats of arms, anthems, and awards).
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COM:TAG Lebanon

Libanon

  • {{PD-Lebanon}} – photos and two dimensional artistic works 50 years after publication, starting from the end of the publication year after which attribution is still required forever.
  • {{PD-Lebanon-Photo}}. Use this tag only for photos first published before 1949.
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COM:TAG Libya

Libya

  • {{PD-Libya}} – photos 5 years starting from the date of first publication of the work.
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COM:TAG Lithuania

Litauen

  • {{PD-LT-exempt}} – for offisielle symboler for den litauiske stat, inkludert våpen, flagg, pengesedler og andre symboler.
  • {{PD-old-70}} – for works where the author died more than 70 years ago
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COM:TAG Macao

Macao

Commons:Copyright rules by territory/Macao
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COM:TAG Malawi

Malawi

a) photographs after 25 years from the end of the year of first publication;
b) computer programs 10 years after the end of the year in which they were first sold, leased or licensed;
c) audio-visual works 50 years from the end of the year of first publication;
d) other works 50 years from the end of the year of the author's death.
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COM:TAG Malaysia

Malaysia

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COM:TAG Morocco

Marokko

  • {{PD-Morocco}} – All works are protected for 70 years after the author's death.
  • {{PD-Morocco-exempt}} – Works not subject to copyright under Article 8 of the Law No. 34‐05 on Copyright and Related Rights.
  • {{Data.gov.ma}} – Works published on Data.gov.ma, the government's open data portal
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COM:TAG Mauritius

Mauritius

  • {{PD-Mauritius}} – photographs 25 years after creation, audio-visual works 50 years after publication, other works 50 years after the author's death.
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COM:TAG Mexico

Mexico

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COM:TAG Moldova

Moldova

  • {{PD-MD-exempt}} – for official documents (laws, court decisions, etc.) or to the official translations thereof, state emblems and official signs (flags, armorial bearings, decorations, monetary signs, etc.), folklore expressions, daily news and facts of simple informational nature.
  • {{PD-Moldova}} – Moldovan or Soviet work first published in USSR or Moldova and in the public domain because its copyright has expired: photographic or cinematographic work and fifty years have passed since the year of its production, or another type of work and fifty years have passed since the year of the creator's death.
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COM:TAG Mongolia

Mongolia

  • {{PD-Mongolia}} – applies to works first published in Mongolia: Photos and applied art 25 years after publication, starting from the end of the publication year. Other works 50 years after the author's death. Anonymous and pseudonymous works and works created by legal persons 75 years after publication. Any photographic images or other applied art created before 1972 (PD in Mongolia before 1997) are in the public domain in both Mongolia and the USA.
  • {{PD MN-exempt}} – exempt from copyright are the following works: legislation and other legal documents; court decisions, official documents; speech made at court and political meetings; translations of any of the above; news; ideas, procedures, methods of operation, or mathematical concepts.[2006 Article 8]
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COM:TAG Montenegro

Montenegro

  • {{PD-MNEGov}} – for public domain Montenegro official works
  • {{PD-SCGGov}} – for public domain Serbian-Montenegro official works, state symbols, stamps, money etc.
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COM:TAG Myanmar

Myanmar

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COM:TAG Namibia

Namibia

  • {{PD-Namibia}} – photos, films and computer programs 50 years after publication, starting from the end of the publication year. Other works 50 years after the author's death.
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COM:TAG Netherlands

Nederland

  • {{PD-NL-gemeentewapen}} – for coats of arms of (no longer existing) municipalities, provinces and the country itself
  • {{PD-NL-gemeentevlag}} – for flags of (no longer existing) municipalities, provinces and the country itself
  • {{PD-NL-Gov}} (deprecated) – for all works communicated to the public by or on behalf of the public authorities (government), unless the copyright has been reserved explicitly, either in a general manner by law, decree or ordinance, or in a specific case by a notice on the work itself or at the communication to the public
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COM:TAG Nepal

Nepal

a) anonymous work or pseudonymous work – after 50 years from the date of its publication;
b) work created on payment of remuneration at the initiation or direction of any person or organization – 50 years from the date of its publication;
c) photographic work or work of applied art – 25 years from the year of its creation;
d) other work – 50 years from the year of death of the author (or last-surviving author)

As per the Nepal Copyright Act, 2002, any thought, religion, process, concept, principle, court judgement, administrative decision, methods of operation, folk song, folk tale, proverb and general data is not protected.[8/2002 Section 4]

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COM:TAG New Zealand

New Zealand

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COM:TAG Niger

Niger

  • {{PD-Niger}} – for works made in Niger whose copyright has expired
  • {{PD-NigerienGov}} – for works created by the Nigerien government that do not fall under copyright protection.
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COM:TAG Nigeria

Nigeria

a) cinematograph films or photographs 50 years after first publication;
b) sound recordings 50 years after creation;
c) broadcasts 50 years after first taking place;
d) other works 70 years after author's death or in case of governmental or corporative authorship – 70 years after first publication.
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COM:TAG North Macedonia

Nord-Makedonia

a) works of folk literature and folk art
b) a work of known authorship and the author died before January 1, 1946
c) an anonymous work and it was published before January 1, 1946
d) a photograph or a work of applied art published before January 1, 1971
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COM:TAG Norway

Norge

  • {{PD-Norway50}} – Norske fotografier uten verkshøyde der eneretten er utløpt.
  • {{PD-Norway70}} - Norske verk hvor det er mer enn 70 år siden opphavers død, og verket har falt i det fri.
  • {{PD-NorwayGov}} – lover, forskrifter, rettsavgjørelser og andre vedtak av offentlig myndighet, samt forslag, utredninger og andre uttalelser som gjelder offentlig myndighetsutøvelse.
  • {{Met.no}} – bilder uten byline samt figurer fra Meteorologisk Institutt.
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COM:TAG Austria

Østerrike

  • {{PD-AustrianGov}} – for deler av lover, forskrifter eller offisielle dekreter utgitt av østerrikske føderale eller delstatsmyndigheter, og for verker fra disse myndigheter som primært er tiltenkt offentlig bruk.
  • {{PD-StVZVO}} – for road signs published in ordinances or other regulations.
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COM:TAG Pakistan

Pakistan

  • {{PD-Pakistan}} – for public domain works first published in Pakistan. According to Pakistani copyright laws, all photographs enter the public domain fifty years after they were published, and all non-photographic works enter the public domain fifty years after the death of the creator.
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COM:TAG Poland

Polen

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COM:TAG Portugal

Portugal

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COM:TAG Taiwan

Taiwan

  • {{PD-Taiwan}} – for images in the public domain according to the Republic of China (Taiwan)
  • {{PD-China}} – For bilder i public domain i henhold til lovgivning i Folkerepublikken Kina (fastlands-Kina) og Republikken Kina (Taiwan).
  • {{PD-China-film}} – for movies or images from movies published in the China more than 50 years ago according to Mainland China and Taiwan.
  • {{OGDL}} – for data released by government agency, government-owned business, public school and administrative legal entity and offered for use and re-use under the Open Government Data License, version 1.0.
  • {{GWOIA}} – for information obtained from the websites of government agency, government-owned business, public school and administrative legal entity in Taiwan that includes the Government Website Open Information Announcement.

See also Commons:Copyright rules by territory/China:Copyright tags for works before and after 1949.

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COM:TAG Romania

Romania

  • {{PD-RO-exempt}} – for: (a) the ideas, theories, concepts, scientific discoveries, procedures, working methods, or mathematical concepts as such and inventions, contained in a work, whatever the manner of the adoption, writing, explanation or expression thereof; (b) official texts of a political, legislative, administrative or judicial nature, and official translations thereof; (c) official symbols of the State, public authorities and organizations, such as armorial bearings, seals, flags, emblems, shields, badges and medals; (d) means of payment; (e) news and press information; (f) simple facts and data; (g) the photographs of letters, deeds, documents of any kind, technical drawings and other similar papers.
  • {{PD-RO-photo}} – for: (a) photographs series taken before 1986; (b) photographs taken before 1991.
  • {{PD-RO-1956}} – for: (a) encyclopedias, dictionaries, corpora issued before 1976; (b) artistic photographs series taken before 1986; (c) artistic photographs taken before 1991.
  • {{PD-Romania}} – for: works which have expired in Romania prior to 1996 (usually prior to 1946) under the terms specified in the 1956 law
  • {{PD-user-ro|username}} – for works released into the public domain by their creators when the creators are Romanian Wikipedia users.
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COM:TAG Russia

Russland

PD tags

See also: PD Russia license tags

Since January 1, 2008, intellectual property rights are regulated by Russian law 230-FL of 2006: Part IV of the Civil Code, together with the Russian law 231-FL of 2006: Implementation act for Part IV of the Civil Code. This new law replaced all previous IP laws in Russia.

  • In general, {{PD-old-70}}/{{PD-old-100}} applies.
  • {{PD-Russia}} publisert før 1. januar 1954, om opphavsmannen (om kjent) døde før denne dato (for veteraner fra andre verdenskrig, død før 1. januar 1950). Malen brukes også om opphavsretten tilhørte sovjetiske myndigheter og bildet ble publisert før 1. januar 1954.
  • {{PD-RusEmpire}} for works that was published on territory of the Russian Empire (Russian Republic) except for territories of the Grand Duchy of Finland and Congress Poland before 7 November 1917 and wasn't re-published for 30 days following initial publications on the territory of Soviet Russia or any other states.
  • {{PD-Russia-1996}} - This work is in the public domain both in Russia and USA because:
    • The author died before January 1, 1942.
    • The author died between January 1, 1942 and January 1, 1946, did not work during the Great Patriotic War (Eastern Front of World War II) and did not participate in it.
    • The work was originally published anonymously or under a pseudonym before January 1, 1943 and the name of the author did not become known during 50 years after publication.
    • The work was originally published anonymously or under a pseudonym between January 1, 1943 and January 1, 1946, and the name of the author did not become known during 70 years after publication.
    • The work is non-amateur cinema or television film (or shot, or fragment from it), which was first shown between January 1, 1929 and January 1, 1946.
  • {{PD-RU-exempt}} for statlige symboler, herunder flagg, heraldiske våpen, dekorasjoner, penger og annet, under Den russiske føderasjon.
  • {{PD-Brockhaus&Efron}} – for bilder fra Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary (1890-1907)

For works first published not only in the RSFSR but in one of the other SSRs too, or simultaneously in various republics of Soviet Union, see the corresponding successor state of the Soviet Union. For instance, for a Soviet work first published in the Ukrainian SSR, see the entry Commons:Copyright rules by territory/Ukraine:Copyright tags. ({{PD-Ukraine}}, in this case.)

Creative Commons tags

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COM:TAG San Marino

San Marino

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COM:TAG Saudi Arabia

Saudi-Arabia

  • {{PD-Saudi Arabia}} – photos, films, sound and artistic works 25 years after publication, starting from the publication date.
  • {{PD-Saudi Arabia Gov}} - laws and judicial judgments, decisions of administrative bodies, international agreements and all official documents, as well as the official translations thereof
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COM:TAG Serbia

Serbia

  • {{PD-SerbiaGov}} – for public domain Serbian official works, state symbols, stamps, money etc.
  • {{PD-Serbia}} – for works whose author died before 1954 or published before 1954 if anonymous (public domain prior to introduction of the new law in 2004)
  • {{PD-SCGGov}} – for offisielle verker og symboler fra serbiske myndigheter.
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COM:TAG Seychelles

Seychellene

a) photographs and films 25 years after first publication;
b) sound recordings 25 years after creation;
c) literary, musical or artistic works other than photographs 25 years after the author's death.
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COM:TAG Singapore

Singapore

  • {{FoP-Singapore}} – for a work that may be free under Singapore's freedom of panorama rules. A free license or public domain tag is also needed.
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COM:TAG Slovakia

Slovakia

  • {{PD-SlovakGov}} – for public domain Slovak official works, public documents, etc.
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COM:TAG Slovenia

Slovenia

  • {{PD-Slovenia}} – for works whose author died before 1954 or published before 1954 if anonymous (public domain prior to introduction of the new law in 1995).
  • {{PD-Slovenia-exempt}} – for non-protected creations in Slovenia (ideas, principles, discoveries; official legislative, administrative and judicial texts; folk literary and artistic creations.)
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COM:TAG Spain

Spania

  • {{PD-Spain-photo}} – for simple photographs taken at least 25 years ago
  • {{PD-SpanishGov}} – for some works by the Spanish government, like laws
  • {{PD-SpanishGov-money}} - for images of the former Spanish pesetas currency
  • {{PD-La Moncloa}} – for content from www.lamoncloa.gob.es which was selected or coordinated by the Secretary of State for Communications (only valid for images uploaded before 26 November 2012)
  • {{Attribution-Catalonia}} – for content from the Parliament of Catalonia (Parlament de Catalunya)
  • {{Attribution-IGN}} - for CC-BY 4.0 licensed maps or other content from Instituto Geográfico Nacional (Spain's National Geographic Institute)
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COM:TAG United Kingdom

Storbritannia

No information available
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COM:TAG Sudan

Sudan

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COM:TAG Switzerland

Sveits

  • {{PD-Switzerland-official}} – for offisielle sveitsiske dokumenter, valuta og patenter. Se malen for detaljer.
    • {{PD-Coa-Switzerland}} – for coat of arms of a Swiss Körperschaft des öffentlichen Rechts (corporation governed by public law).
  • {{PD-Switzerland-photo}} – for fotos som først ble publisert i Sveits og som ikke har den individuelle karakter loven krever for opphavsrettsvern. Se malen for detaljer. Brukes kun i åpenbare tilfeller.

In Switzerland copyright protection expires 70 years after the death of the author with the exception of computer programs, the protection of which ends 50 years after the death of the author.

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COM:TAG Sweden

Sverige

for reproductions of law, decision, or report issued by a Swedish public authority (svensk myndighet) or an official translation of such a text.

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COM:TAG Syria

Syria

  • {{PD-Syria}} – Under the 2001 law, photographic work was protected for 10 years starting from the production date. As Syria Joined Berne Convention on November 2004, photographic works produced starting from 1994 should be protected for 25 years starting from the production date (minimum protection period set by Berne Convention). Under the 2013 law, protection is for the author's life + 50 years. Photographic work produced before 1994 is public domain.
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COM:TAG South Africa

Sør-Afrika

  • {{PD-SAGov}} – Work of the South African Government that was published more than 50 years ago.
  • {{PD-South-Africa}} – for photographs from South Africa 50 years after publication.
  • {{PD-South-Africa-exempt}} – for (images of or from) South African official texts of a legislative, administrative or legal nature.
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COM:TAG South Korea

Sør-Korea

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COM:TAG Tajikistan

Tadsjikistan

  • {{PD-TJ-exempt}} – for formal documents (laws, judgements, other texts of legal, administrative and judicial nature), and also their official translations; state symbols and signs (flags, coats of arms, awards, banknotes and so on); communications concerning events and facts that have informational character; works of folk arts
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COM:TAG Thailand

Thailand

  • {{PD-Thailand}} – for works from Thailand, which have different copyright terms depending on type, usually 50 years after the creator's death or 50 years after publication.
  • {{PD-TH-exempt}} – for works ineligible for copyright in Thailand, including laws and official government documents.
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COM:TAG Czech Republic

Tsjekkia

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COM:TAG Tunisia

Tunisia

{{PD-Tunisia}}

The Tunisian law n°94-36 of February 24, 1994 on literary and artistic property stipulates that:

  • Copyright shall subsist for the lifetime of the author and for 50 Gregorian years counted from January 1 of the year following the author's death…
  • In the case of works of joint authorship, the date of the death of the last surviving author…
  • In the case of anonymous or pseudonymous works, copyright shall subsist for 50 years as from the date on which the work has been lawfully made available to the public…
  • In the case of photographic works, copyright shall only subsist for 25 Gregorian years as from the year during which the work was made.
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COM:TAG Turkey

Tyrkia

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COM:TAG Germany

Tyskland

  • {{PD-GermanGov}} – for bilder i public domain gjennom tyske statutter eller andre regler.
  • {{PD-BW}} – for publicly available service regulations ("Zentrale Dienstvorschrift") of the German Armed Forces (Bundeswehr).
  • {{PD-Coa-Germany}} – for tyske våpen under lagt offentlige lovgivning fordi de er offisielle verker (§ 5 Abs. 1 UrhG).
  • {{PD-Flag-Germany}} – for German flags of corporations governed by public law that are in the public domain according to German law because they are official works (§5 Abs.1 UrhG).
  • {{PD-Seal-Germany}} – for German seals of corporations governed by public law that are in the public domain according to German law because they are official works (§5 Abs.1 UrhG).
  • {{PD-VzKat}} – for veiskilt publisert som statutter.
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COM:TAG Uganda

Uganda

  • {{PD-Uganda}} – for works meeting one of the following criteria:
a) photographic works 50 years after creation;
b) computer programs, audio-visual works or sound recordings 50 years after publication
c) literary, musical or artistic works published before January 1st, 1954, whose author died before Jan 1st, 2004;
d) other works 50 years after the author's death.
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COM:TAG Ukraine

Ukraina

  • {{PD-Ukraine}} is in effect towards works first published before January 1, 1951, and the creator (if known) died before that date). This is the effect of the retroactive Ukrainian copyright law of 1993 and the copyright from 50 to 70 years in 2001.). The final conclusion is #.4 in Chapter VI Ukrainian Copyright Law:

#.4. It shall be established that as from the day on which this Law enters into force, the terms of copyright protection, stipulated in Article 28 of this Law and parts 1 and 2 of Article 44 of this Law, shall apply in all cases where the 50-year period of copyright validity after the author's death or the period of validity of related rights has not expired prior to the date of entry into force of this Law.

A Ukrainian or Soviet work that is in the public domain in Ukraine according to this rule is in the public domain in the U.S. only if it was in the public domain in Ukraine in 1995, e.g. if it was published before 1945 and the creator died before that year, and no copyright was registered in the U.S. This is the combined effect of the retroactive Ukrainian copyright law, Ukraine's joining the Berne Convention in 1995, and of 17 USC 104A with its critical date of January 1, 1996.[9]

  • {{PD-UA-exempt}} for daily news or details of current events that constitute regular press information; works of folk art (folklore); official documents of a political, legislative or administrative nature (laws, decrees, resolutions, court awards, State standards, etc.) issued by government authorities within their powers, and official translations thereof; State symbols of Ukraine, government awards; symbols and signs of government authorities, the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations; symbols of territorial communities; symbols and signs of enterprises, institutions and organizations; bank notes; transport schedules, TV and radio broadcast schedules, telephone directories and other similar databases that do not meet the originality criteria and to which the sui generis right (a particular or special right) is applicable. Also for representation of an civil award or decoration of the government of Ukraine.
  • {{PD-UAGovDoc}} for official documents of a political, legislative or administrative nature (laws, decrees, resolutions, court awards, State standards, etc.) issued by government authorities within their powers, and official translations thereof.
  • {{PD-UAGov-Money}} for unit of currencies issued by Ukraine.
  • {{PD-UAexMilitary}} for works of a Ukrainian military or Ministry of Defense if it is symbol or sign of government authorities, the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations.
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COM:TAG Hungary

Ungarn

  • {{PD-redsludge-hu}} – by photos taken by a staff photographer of the Hungarian Government and is part of the Ajka red sludge accident photo series
  • {{PD-user-hu|username}} – for works released into the public domain by their creators when the creators are Hungarian Wikipedia users.
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COM:TAG Uruguay

Uruguay

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COM:TAG United States

USA

  • {{PD-US}} – for bilder som er i public domain i USA, det vil si bilder publisert før 1929 og bilder som ikke har beskyttelse under amerikansk lov.
  • {{PD-US-expired}} – published anywhere before 1929 and public domain in the U.S. (preferred over {{PD-US}})
  • {{PD-1996}} – public domain in a source country on January 1, 1996 and in the U.S.
  • {{PD-US-not renewed}} – published and copyrighted in the United States between 1929 and 1963, with its copyright not renewed
  • {{PD-US-no notice}} – published in the U.S. between 1929 and 1978 but without copyright notice
  • {{PD-US-no notice advertisement}} – any advertisement published in the U.S. prior to 1978 in a collective work without a copyright notice specific to the advertisement
  • {{PD-US-1978-89}} – published in the United States between 1978 and March 1, 1989 but with neither copyright notice nor registration within 5 years
  • {{PD-US-unpublished}} – never published anywhere prior to 2003
  • {{PD-US-record}} – for lydopptak som er i public domain i USA, det vil si tatt opp før 15. februar 1972 og ikke basert på annet opphavsrettsbeskyttet materiale. NB! Gjelder ikke i delstaten New York.

See also #US States and Territories

US Government agencies

Shortcut
  • {{PD-USGov}} – for bilder laget av amerikanske føderale myndigheter som ikke kan opphavsrettsbeskyttes.
Judicial Branch
Legislative Branch
Department of Agriculture
Department of Commerce
  • {{PD-USGov-DOC}} – for public domain images from the Department of Commerce.
    • {{PD-USGov-DOC-Census}} – filer fra US Census Bureau.
    • {{PD-USGov-NIST}} – for bilder i public domain fra National Institute of Standards and Technology.
    • {{PD-USGov-NOAA}} – for bilder i public domain fra National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
      • {{PD-NWS}} – for public domain media from the National Weather Service.
    • {{PD-US-patent}} – for bilder i public domain sluppet under amerikanske patentregler.
Department of Defense
Department of Education
  • {{PD-USGov-ED}} – for public domain images from the Department of Education.
Department of Energy
  • {{PD-USGov-DOE}} – for bilder i public domain fra Department of Energy.
    • {{PD-LosAlamos}} – for DOE public domain images from the Los Alamos National Laboratory.
    • {{PD-USGov-ARM}} – for public domain images from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program.
Department of Health and Human Services
  • {{PD-USGov-HHS}} – for bilder i public domain fra Department of Health and Human Services.
    • {{PD-USGov-HHS-CDC}} – for public domain images from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
      • {{PD-USGov-HHS-NIOSH}} – for public domain images from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
Department of Homeland Security
  • {{PD-USGov-DHS}} – for public domain images from the Department of Homeland Security.
    • {{PD-USCG}} – for public domain images from the U.S. Coast Guard.
    • {{PD-USGov-FEMA}} – for bilder i public domain fra Federal Emergency Management Agency.
Department of Housing and Urban Development
  • {{PD-USGov-HUD}} – for public domain images from the Department of Housing and Urban Development.
Department of the Interior
Department of Justice
Department of Labor
Department of State
  • {{PD-USGov-DOS}} – for bilder i public domain fra Department of State.
    • {{PD-USGov-USIA}} – for public domain images from the now-defunct United States Information Agency.
Department of Transportation
  • {{PD-USGov-DOT}} – for bilder i public domain fra Department of Transportation.
    • {{PD-USGov-MUTCD}} – for images taken from the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices.
    • {{PD-USGov-FAA}} – for bilder i public domain fra Federal Aviation Administration.
    • {{PD-USGov-NTSB}} – for public domain images from the National Transportation Safety Board.
Department of the Treasury
Department of Veterans Affairs
  • {{PD-USGov-DVA}} – for public domain images from the Department of Veteran Affairs.
Independent agencies
  • {{PD-USGov-NSF}} – for public domain images from the National Science Foundation.
  • {{PD-USGov-POTUS}} – for bilder i public domain fra Executive Office of the President of the U.S.
  • {{PD-USGov-SI}} – for public domain images from the Smithsonian Institution
  • {{PD-USGov-USAID}} – for bilder i public domain fra USAID.
  • {{PD-USGov-USTR}} – for public domain images from the Office of the United States Trade Representative.
  • {{PD-USGov-WPA}} – for public domain images from the defunct Works Progress Administration.
  • {{PD-USGov-TVA}} – for public domain images from the Tennessee Valley Authority.
  • {{PD-USGov-Award}} – for an image of an award or decoration of an agency of the federal government of the United States.

US Library of Congress public domain collections

Se også: Commons:Library of Congress

  • {{PD-LOC-911}} – for the 250 images from the Collection of unattributed photographs of the September 11th terrorist attack on the World Trade Center, New York City.
  • {{PD-Abdul Hamid}} – for images from the Abdul-Hamid II Collection.
  • {{PD-Bain}} – for images from the George Grantham Bain Collection.
  • {{PD-Brady-Handy}} – for images from the Brady-Handy Collection.
  • {{PD-Carpenter}} – for images from the Carpenter Collection.
  • {{PD-CQ Roll Call}} – for public domain photos from the CQ Roll Call Photograph Collection.

US States

US Territories

Work of Organized Territories has less clear status; the first link in this section shows strong evidence that Puerto Rico's works are in the public domain, while the second link prevaricates. Flags and coats of arms seem to follow the same laws as the US[12]

American Samoa


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COM:TAG Uzbekistan

Usbekistan

  • {{PD-UZ-exempt}} – for official documents (law, resolutions, decisions, etc.) as well as their official translations; official symbols and signs (flags, arms, orders, banknotes, etc.); national creative works; reports about the news of the day or current events having the nature of usual press conference; results received with help of equipment designed for some kind of production without the person's implementation of creative activity directly associated with the creation of individual work.[LRU-476/2018 Article 8]
  • {{PD-Uzbekistan}} – for works in the public domain according to Uzbekistanian law (70 years after the author's death).[LRU-476/2021 Article 35]
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COM:TAG Venezuela

Venezuela

  • {{PD-Venezuela}} – generally 60 years after the author's death with the exception of audiovisual works, broadcast works and computer programs, in which case the protection lasts for 60 years after publication.
  • {{PD-VenezuelaGov}} – for the "texts of laws, decrees, official regulations, public treaties, judicial decisions and other official acts", and the "intellectual products generated under an employment relationship in the public sector — or financed through public funds".
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COM:TAG Vietnam

Vietnam

  • {{PD-Vietnam}} – all photographs enter the public domain fifty years after they were first published, and all non-photographic works enter the public domain fifty years after the death of the creator.
  • {{PD-VietnamGov}} – for legal text documents, administrative text documents by the government and official translations, as well as other documents mentioned in the Not protected section. Do not use this for images and logos.
  • {{PD-South VietnamGov}} — The government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam maintains that between 2 September 1945 and 2 July 1976 only the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and the Republic of South Vietnam were legitimate governments and sees works issued by rival governments as illegal.
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COM:TAG Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe

  • {{PD-Zimbabwe}} – photographs 50 years starting from the end of publication year, other works 50 years starting from the end of the year, in which the author died.

Referanser

Some citation text may not have been transcluded
  1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Doria
  2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Mandragore
  3. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named GHKfactsheet
  4. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Statensvegvesen
  5. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named norskekirke
  6. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Gazette
  7. ↑ a b Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Transportstyrelsen
  8. ↑ a b Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Sjöfartsverket
  9. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named USGov104a
  10. ↑ Compendium II: Copyright Office Practices, § 1102.08(b)
  11. ↑ W:Compendium II: Copyright Office Practices, § 206.02(e)
  12. ↑ Ley Núm. 70 de 2006 -Ley para disponer la oficialidad de la bandera y el escudo de los setenta y ocho (78) municipios. (in es). LexJuris (Leyes y Jurisprudencia) de Puerto Rico. Retrieved on 24 september 2020.
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