Progress in Natural Science

Volume 19, Issue 2, 10 February 2009, Pages 255-260
Progress in Natural Science

Modeling golden section in plants

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnsc.2008.07.004Get rights and content
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Abstract

Plants are complex structures, changing their shapes in response to environmental factors such as sunlight, water and neighboring plants. However, some mathematical rules can be found in their growth patterns, one of which is the golden section. The golden section can be observed in branching systems, phyllotaxis, flowers and seeds, and often the spiral arrangement of plant organs. In this study, tree, flower and fruit models have been generated by using the corresponding golden section characteristics, resulting in more natural patterns. Furthermore, the golden section can be found in the bifurcate angles of trees and lobed leaves, extending the golden section theory.

Keywords

Golden section
Plant morphology
Plant modeling

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