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Holocene coastal change in the ancient harbor of Yenikapı–İstanbul and its impact on cultural history

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Oya Algan ,
M. Namık Yalçın ,
Mehmet Özdoğan ,
Yücel Yılmaz ,
Erol Sarı ,
Elmas Kırcı-Elmas ,
İsak Yılmaz ,
Özlem Bulkan ,
Demet Ongan  and
Cem Gazioğlu
...Show all authors
Oya Algan*
Affiliation:
İstanbul University, Institute of Marine Sciences and Management, Vefa, 34116, İstanbul, Turkey
M. Namık Yalçın
Affiliation:
İstanbul University, Engineering Faculty, Department of Geological Engineering, Avcılar 34850, İstanbul, Turkey
Mehmet Özdoğan
Affiliation:
İstanbul University, Faculty of Letters, Department of Archaeology, Beyazıt, İstanbul, Turkey
Yücel Yılmaz
Affiliation:
Kadir Has University, Cibali Campus, Haliç, İstanbul, Turkey
Erol Sarı
Affiliation:
İstanbul University, Institute of Marine Sciences and Management, Vefa, 34116, İstanbul, Turkey
Elmas Kırcı-Elmas
Affiliation:
İstanbul University, Institute of Marine Sciences and Management, Vefa, 34116, İstanbul, Turkey
İsak Yılmaz
Affiliation:
İstanbul University, Engineering Faculty, Department of Geological Engineering, Avcılar 34850, İstanbul, Turkey
Özlem Bulkan
Affiliation:
İstanbul University, Engineering Faculty, Department of Geological Engineering, Avcılar 34850, İstanbul, Turkey
Demet Ongan
Affiliation:
İstanbul University, Institute of Marine Sciences and Management, Vefa, 34116, İstanbul, Turkey
Cem Gazioğlu
Affiliation:
İstanbul University, Institute of Marine Sciences and Management, Vefa, 34116, İstanbul, Turkey
Atike Nazik
Affiliation:
Çukurova University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Geological Engineering, Balcalı, TR-01330 Adana, Turkey
Mehmet Ali Polat
Affiliation:
İstanbul Arkeoloji Müzesi, Gülhane, İstanbul, Turkey
Engin Meriç
Affiliation:
Moda, Hüseyin Bey Sokak No:15/4, 34710, Kadıköy, İstanbul, Turkey
*
⁎Corresponding author. Fax: + 90 212 526 84 33. E-mail address:algan@istanbul.edu.tr (O. Algan).
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Abstract

An extensive rescue excavation has been conducted in the ancient harbor of İstanbul (Yenikapı) by the Sea of Marmara, revealing a depositional sequence displaying clear evidence of transgression and coastal progradation during the Holocene. The basal layer of this sequence lies at 6 m below the present sea level and contains remains of a Neolithic settlement known to have been present in the area, indicating that the sea level at ~ 8–9 cal ka BP was lower than 6 m below present. Sea level advanced to its maximum at ~ 6.8–7 cal ka BP, drowning Lykos Stream and forming an inlet at its mouth. After ~ 3 cal ka BP, coastal progradation became evident. Subsequent construction of the Byzantine Harbor (Theodosius; 4th century AD) created a restricted small basin and accumulation of fine-grained sediments. The sedimentation rate was increased due to coastal progradation and anthropogenic factors during the deposition of coarse-grained sediments at the upper parts of the sequence (7th–9th centuries AD). The harbor was probably abandoned after the 11th century AD by filling up with Lykos Stream detritus and continued seaward migration of the coastline.

Keywords

Eastern MediterraneanSea of MarmaraİstanbulAncient harborCoastal sedimentsHolocene transgressionNeolithicGeoarchaeology
Type
Research Article
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 76 , Issue 1 , July 2011 , pp. 30 - 45
Copyright
University of Washington

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