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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 22 May 2009
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has played a central role in the regeneration of West Germany since die Second World War, with the accession of die Federal Republic to NATO in May 1955 marking the official return of Germany to the company of civilized nations. West Germany, in turn, has become a not inconsequential member of the treaty organization. The bulk of NATO'S defense forces is located in die Federal Republic; an increasing amount of NATO'S military contribution is German; and the most controversial issue in Europe confronting the organization stems direcdy from die division of Germany and the exposed position of Berlin.
1 Hearings, North Atlantic Treaty, U. S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, 81st Congress, 1st Session, April 27, 1949, Part I, p. 61.
2 Hearings, Supplemental Appropriations for 1951, U. S. Senate Committee on Appropriations, 81st Congress, 2nd Session, August 30, 1950, p. 284–285. See Bundy, McGeorge, ed., The Pattern of Responsibility (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1952), p. 117.Google Scholar
3 Communiqué of the Foreign Ministers of the United Kingdom, France, and the United States, New York, 09 19, 1950, Department of State Bulletin (Vol 23, No. 587), p. 530–531Google Scholar.
4 Hearings, Assignment of Ground Forces of the United States to Duty in the European Area, 82nd Congress, 1st Session, February 16, 1951, p. 140–141 (U. S. Senate Committees on Armed Services and or Foreign Relations).
5 Moore, Ben T., NATO and the Future of Europe (New York: Harper for the Council on Foreign Relations, 1958), p. 49–53Google Scholar. The defeat of the treaty in the Assembly was effected by a procedural motion to postpone debate on it indefinitely.
6 The New York Times, July 15, 1954.
7 Ibid., September 1, 1954.
8 Ibid., June 5 and 6, 1954. See Craig, Gordon, From Bismark to Adenauer: Aspects of German Statecraft (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1958), p. 142Google Scholar.
9 The New York Times, February 24, 25, and 27, 1955.
10 Ibid., December 16 and 17, 1954.
11 Ibid., February 27, 1955.
12 Speech Of Ollenhauer, December 15, in Das Parlemerit, December 22, 1954.
13 Sueddeulsche Zeitung, November 17, 1954.
14 Ibid., January 21 and 30, and February 25, 1955.
15 The New York Times, December 15, 1954, and January 29, 1955.
16 Lyons, Cecil B., “The New Germany,” Department of State Bulletin, 01 31, 1955 (Vol. 32, No. 814), p. 186Google Scholar.
17 Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, March 17, 1955.
18 Handler, M. L. in The New York Times, 11 7, 1954Google Scholar.
19 Verhandlungen des Deutschen Bundestages, December 16, 1954, p. 3179.
20 Ibid., p. 3253.
21 Divo Pressediensl, Report of July 6, 1959.
22 Ibid., April 1957.
23 Verhandlungen des Deutschen Bundestages, December 15, 1954, p. 3120–3130.
24 Craig, Gordon A., “NATO and the New German Army,” in Kaufmann, William W., ed., Military Policy and National Security (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1956), p. 220Google Scholar.
25 Ibid., p. 221–223.
26 Ibid., p. 229.
27 Reichiruf, April 2, June 18, and July 16, 1955.
28 Craig, Gordon A., “Germany and NATO: the Rearmament Debate, 1950–1958,” in Knorr, Klaus, ed., NATO and American Security (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1959), p. 242–243Google Scholar.
29 Strauss, Franz Josef, “Sicherheit und Wiedervereinigung,”Aussenpolilik, March 1957 (Vol. 6), p. 140–147Google Scholar.
30 Gruson, Sydney in The New York Times, 02 27, 1960Google Scholar.
31 Ibid., December 18, 1960.
32 “I am a convinced enemy of any German hegemony in Europe. The time for a European balance of power has gone. Europe is no longer the center of the world. German policy is but a function of European policy, which is a component of Atlantic policy. I see our future in these terms.” Conversation of Sulzberger, C. L. with Strauss, The New York Times, 05 6, 1961Google Scholar.
33 Die Welt, July 12, 1960.
34 Craig, , “Germany and NATO: the Rearmament Debate, 1950–1958,” in NATO and American Security, p. 254–256Google Scholar.
35 Das Parlement, July 13, 1960.
36 Der Spiegel, May 11, 1960.
37 Kuby, Erich, “Siegt Hitler bei Bonn” Frankfurter Hefte, 06 1960 (Vol. 15), p. 377–383.Google Scholar
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39 Speeches by Adenauer on November 23, 1959; Lemmer on July 17, 1960; and Beltz on January 23, 1961.
40 The New York Times, October 7, 1960, and March 11, 1961.
41 See Anthon, Carl G., “Germany in the European Community,” Current History, 01 1960 (Vol. 39), p. 11–18Google Scholar; and “Germanys Role in West Europe,” Ibid., January 1961 (Vol. 40), p. 17–24.
