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Revision as of 21:15, 2 December 2020 edit Brunoczim (discuss \| contribs) 3 edits Grammar and sound changes ← Older edit		Latest revision as of 19:37, 27 December 2021 edit undo TarkFrench (discuss \| contribs) 8 edits →‎Palatalization Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
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Line 30: Assimilation is by far the most important sound change. Assimilation is when a sound changes to become more similar to the surrounding sounds. A consonant may change to match the place or type of articulation of an adjoining consonant. * In English, /{{CXS\|n}}/ often becomes [{{CXS\|Fɱ}}] (labiodental) before /{{CXS\|f}}/, like in <infant>. * The word <assimilation> is an example. It comes from adding <ad-> onto <similate>. The /{{CXS\|d}}/ assimilates to /{{CXS\|s}}/. ===Lenition=== Line 42 ⟶ 41: :/{{CXS\|t}}/ » [{{CXS\|d}}] :/{{CXS\|d}}/ » [{{CXS\|s}}] :/{{CXS\|k}}/ » [{{CXS\|∅}}] * In some varieties of English, /{{CXS\|t}}/ and /{{CXS\|d}}/ can become [{{CXS\|4}}].▼ ▲* In some varieties of English, /{{CXS\|t}}/ and /{{CXS\|d}}/ can become [{{CXS\|4ɾ}}] word-internally. ===Palatalization=== Line 52 ⟶ 50: :Examples: :/{{CXS\|tj}}/ » [{{CXS\|tSt͡ʃ}}] :/{{CXS\|dj}}/ » [{{CXS\|dZd͡ʒ}}] :/{{CXS\|sj}}/ » [{{CXS\|Sʃ}}] :/{{CXS\|zj}}/ » [{{CXS\|Zʒ}}] :/{{CXS\|hj}}/ » [{{CXS\|Cç}}] * In English, pronunciation of the ''-tion'' suffix as /{{CXS\|~~S@n~~ʃən}}/ is the result of palatalization of a former /{{CXS\|~~si@n~~siən}}/. * In Japanese, the pronunciation of <si> as /{{CXS\|s\i}}/, <ti> as /{{CXS\|t's\i}}/, <di> as /{{CXS\|dZi}}/, and <hi> as /{{CXS\|Ci}}/ is the result of palatalization.▼ ▲* In Japanese, the pronunciation of <si> as /{{CXS\|~~s\i~~ɕi}}/, <ti> as /{{CXS\|~~t's\i~~t͡ɕi}}/, <di> as /{{CXS\|~~dZi~~d͡ʑi}}/, and <hi> as /{{CXS\|Ciçi}}/ is the result of palatalization. ===Velarization=== Line 67 ⟶ 64: Velarization is a secondary articulation of a consonant where the back of the tongue is raised towards the velum. In some languages, such as Russian and Irish, velarized consonants often contrast with palatalized consonants. * In some varieties of English, when /{{CXS\|l}}/ is found in the syllable coda position, it is velarized (e.g. <wall> as /{{CXS\|~~wO:l_G~~wɔːlˠ}}/). When /{{CXS\|l}}/ is found in the syllable onset position it is non-velaried (e.g. <lawn> as /{{CXS\|~~lO:n~~lɔːn}}/). ===Monophthongization=== Monophthongization is the simplification of a diphthong (or triphthong) down to a single vowel. This feature was very common in Old French and Ancient Greek, leading some the diphthongs of these languages to be monophthongized. For instance, the French <ai> and <eau> are now pronounced [{{CXS\|Eɛ}}] and [{{CXS\|o}}]; in Modern Greek, the combinations <ει> and <οι> are pronounced [{{CXS\|i}}]. * In Australian English, the diphthong /{{CXS\|e@}}/ (as in <air>) is often pronounced [{{CXS\|e:}}].▼ * In ~~some American~~Australian English ~~dialects~~, the diphthong /{{CXS\|aIeə}}/ (as in <~~eye~~air>) is often pronounced [{{CXS\|a:eː}}]. ▲* In ~~Australian~~some American English dialects, the diphthong /{{CXS\|e@aɪ}}/ (as in <~~air~~eye>) is ~~often~~ pronounced [{{CXS\|e:aː}}]. ===Nasalization=== Line 83 ⟶ 78: Vowels next to nasal consonants very often become nasal themselves. This is a type of assimilation. If a nasal consonant disappears, the mark it left on the vowel may remain, causing nasal vowels to become phonemic. * Again, this is a feature very common in the French language. Consider the word <maison>, ''house'' pronounced [{{CXS\|~~mE"zO_~~~mɛ.ˈzɔ̃}}]. The <o> was nasalised because a nasal sound (namely /{{CXS\|n}}/) was following. ===Rhotacism===