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==Early life and family==
Cyrus Vance was born on March 27, 1917, in [[Clarksburg, West Virginia]].<ref name = "WVDCH1">{{cite web |url=http://www.wvculture.org/vrr/va_bcdetail.aspx?Id=199260 |title=Birth Record Detail: Cyrus Roberts Vance |work=West Virginia Vital Research Records |publisher=West Virginia Division of Culture and History |access-date=August 10, 2015}}</ref> He was the son of John Carl Vance II and his wife Amy Roberts Vance, and had an elder brother, John Carl Vance III.<ref name = "WVDCH1"/><ref name = "WVDCH2">{{cite web |url=http://www.wvculture.org/vrr/va_bcdetail.aspx?Id=97166 |title=Birth Record Detail: John Carl III Vance |work=West Virginia Vital Research Records |publisher=West Virginia Division of Culture and History |access-date=August 10, 2015}}</ref> Following Vance's birth, his family relocated to [[Bronxville, New York]], so that his father could commute to [[New York City]], where he was an insurance broker.<ref name = "Mihalkanin1">{{Harvnb|Mihalkanin|2004|p=512.}}</ref> Vance's father was also a landowner and worked for a government agency during [[World War I]].<ref name="bell1992">{{cite book |chapter="Cyrus Roberts Vance" |chapter-url=http://www.history.army.mil/books/sw-sa/Vance.htm |year=1992 |publisher=[[United States Army Center of Military History]] |access-date=September 22, 2007 |url=http://www.history.army.mil/books/sw-sa/SWSA-Fm.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071214152450/http://www.history.army.mil/books/Sw-SA/SWSA-Fm.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 14, 2007 |title=Secretaries of War and Secretaries of the Army: Portraits and Biographical Sketches |first=William Gardner |last=Bell}}<!-- both the links are dead --></ref> He died unexpectedly of [[pneumonia]] in 1922.<ref name="bell1992"/>
Vance's mother was Amy Roberts Vance, who had a prominent family history in [[Philadelphia]] and was active in civic affairs.<ref name="bell1992"/> Following her husband's death, she moved her family to Switzerland for a year, where Vance and his brother learned French at L'Institut Sillig in [[Vevey]].<ref name = "Mihalkanin1"/> Vance's much older cousin (referred to as an "uncle" within the family) [[John W. Davis]], an [[United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom|Ambassador to the United Kingdom]] and [[1924 United States presidential election|1924 United States presidential candidate]], became his mentor and adopted him.<ref name = "Harbaugh1">{{Harvnb|Harbaugh|1973|pp=389–390.}}</ref> Vance graduated from [[Kent School]] in 1935<ref name="bell1992"/> and earned a [[bachelor's degree]] in 1939 from [[Yale College]],<ref name="bell1992"/> where he was a member of the secret society [[Scroll and Key]]. He also earned three [[varsity letter]]s in [[ice hockey]] at Yale. He graduated from [[Yale Law School]] in 1942.<ref name="bell1992"/> While there, his classmates included [[Sargent Shriver]], [[William Scranton]], [[Stanley Rogers Resor]], and [[William Bundy]], with all of whom he would later work.<ref name=obit/>
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President [[Jimmy Carter]] initially wanted to nominate [[George Ball (diplomat)|George Ball]] to become [[United States Secretary of State|Secretary of State]], but, fearing Ball was too liberal to be confirmed, nominated Vance instead.<ref name=NYTmag>{{cite news |last1=Douglas Brinkley |title=THE LIVES THEY LIVED; Out of the Loop |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/12/29/magazine/the-lives-they-lived-out-of-the-loop.html |access-date=3 May 2017 |work=[[The New York Times Magazine]] |date=29 December 2002 |author1-link=Douglas Brinkley}}</ref> Vance played an integral role as the administration negotiated the [[Panama Canal Treaties]], along with peace talks in [[Rhodesia]], [[Namibia]] and [[South Africa]]. He worked closely with Israeli Ministers [[Moshe Dayan]] and [[Ezer Weizman]] to secure the [[Camp David Accords]] in 1978.<ref name=obit/> Vance insisted that the President make [[Paul Warnke]] Director of the [[Arms Control and Disarmament Agency]], over strong opposition by Senator [[Henry M. Jackson]].<ref name=obit/>
Vance also pushed for closer ties to the Soviet Union, and clashed frequently with the more hawkish [[National Security Advisor (United States)|National Security Advisor]] [[Zbigniew Brzezinski]]. Vance tried to advance arms limitations by working on the [[Strategic Arms Limitation Talks|SALT II]] agreement with the Soviet Union, which he saw as the central diplomatic issue of the time, but Brzezinski lobbied for a tougher more assertive policy vis-a-vis the Soviets. He argued for strong condemnation of Soviet activity in Africa and in the Third World as well as successfully lobbying for normalized relations with the [[People's Republic of China]] in 1978.
As Brzezinski took control of the negotiations, Vance was marginalized and his influence began to wane. When revolution erupted in Iran in late 1978, the two were divided on how to support the United States' ally the [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi|Shah of Iran]]. Vance argued in favor of reforms while Brzezinski urged him to crack down – the 'iron fist' approach. Unable to receive a direct course of action from Carter, the mixed messages that the Shah received from Vance and Brzezinski contributed to his confusion and indecision as he fled Iran in January 1979 and his [[Iranian Revolution|regime collapsed]]. Vance negotiated the [[SALT II]] agreement directly with Soviet Ambassador [[Anatoly Dobrynin]], bypassing American Ambassador [[Malcolm Toon]], who then criticized the agreement.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Goldstein |first1=Richard |title=Malcolm Toon Made Waves as a Diplomat, but His Death Went Largely Unreported |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/01/world/europe/malcolm-toon-dead-us-ambassador-to-soviet-union.html |access-date=3 May 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=2 May 2017 |page=B14}}</ref> In June 1979, President Carter and Soviet General Secretary [[Leonid Brezhnev]] signed the treaty in Vienna's [[Hofburg]] Imperial Palace, in front of the international press, but the Senate ultimately did not ratify it.
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