Michiko Toyama: Difference between revisions

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Toyama, was relocated to a [[Japanese internment camp]] in the United States during World War II. She was described there as a musician and semiskilled in the manufacture of knit goods.<ref name=":0" />
 
In 1952, Toyama studied with [[Darius Milhaud]], [[Olivier Messiaen]], and [[Noël Gallon|Noel Gallon]] at the [[Conservatoire de Paris|Paris Conservatory]]. In 1955, she received a scholarship to study at [[Tanglewood Music Center|Tanglewood]] with [[Roger Sessions]]. She studied conducting at the [[Pierre Monteux School]] and [[Columbia University]].<ref name=":1" /> From 1956 to 1959 she was one of the first women to study at the Columbia-Princeton Electronic Music Center with Dr. [[Otto Luening]] and Dr. [[Vladimir Ussachevsky]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Early Synthesizers and Experimenters|url=https://static1.squarespace.com/static/50e79ec7e4b07dba60068e4d/t/515704dce4b05239ba84e64c/1364657372465/Holmes4.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=14 Jun 2021}}</ref> At the Center, Toyama and [[Edgard Varèse|EdgarEdgard Varese]] shared an enthusiasm for Japanese [[gagaku]] court music.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Toop|first=David|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RE9KDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PT115&dq=Michiko+Toyama+composer&hl=en|title=Ocean of Sound: Ambient sound and radical listening in the age of communication|date=2018-08-02|publisher=Serpent's Tail|isbn=978-1-78816-104-6|language=en}}</ref> In 1960, Toyama's compositions were released on ''Folkways Records Album No. FW 8881''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Waka and Other Compositions: Contemporary Music of Japan|url=https://folkways.si.edu/waka-and-other-compositions-contemporary-music-of-japan/contemporary-electronic-world/album/smithsonian|access-date=2021-06-16|website=Smithsonian Folkways Recordings|language=en-US}}</ref>
 
Toyama said, "composing music is my joy and I do it for myself. I hope my compositions will be performed, but I do not dare to organize performance opportunities for my compositions by myself ."<ref name=":2" />