1990 Serbian general election

1990 Serbian general election
	Presidential election
Turnout	71.40% ( 12.15 pp)
President of the Presidency before election; Slobodan Milošević; SKS	Elected President ; Slobodan Milošević; SPS
	Parliamentary election
	All 250 seats in the National Assembly; 126 seats needed for a majority
Turnout	71.39% (10.96 pp)
Stanko Radmilović; SPS	Dragutin Zelenović; SPS

General elections were held in Serbia, a constituent federal unit of SFR Yugoslavia, in December 1990. The presidential elections and the first round of the parliamentary elections were held on 9 December, whilst a second round of the parliamentary elections was held on 23 December 1990. This was the last parliamentary election in Serbia where members were elected in single-member constituency seats by a two-round voting system; all subsequent elections have taken place under proportional representation.

Background edit

After World War II, the Communist Party consolidated power in Yugoslavia, transforming the country into a socialist state.^[1]^[2] Each constituent republic had its own branch of the Communist party, with Serbia having the Communist Party of Serbia.^[3] The federal Communist party would rename itself to the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (SKJ) at its 6th Congress in 1952.^[4]^[5] Its branches did the same; the Communist Party of Serbia became League of Communists of Serbia (SKS).^[6]^[7]

Electoral lists edit

Following electoral lists are electoral lists that received seats in the National Assembly after the 1990 election:^[8]

#		Representative	Main ideology	Political position
1	Socialist Party of Serbia SPS	Slobodan Milošević	Democratic socialism	Left-wing
2	Serbian Renewal Movement SPO	Vuk Drašković	Ultranationalism	Far-right
3	Democratic Fellowship of Vojvodina Hungarians VMDK/DZVM	András Ágoston	Minority politics	Centre
4	Democratic Party DS	Dragoljub Mićunović	Liberalism	Big tent
5	Party of Democratic Action of Sandžak SDAS	Alija Mahmutović	Sanjak separatism	Right-wing
6	Union of Reform Forces of Yugoslavia in Serbia SRSJ	Ivan Đurić	Social liberalism	Centre
7	Party of the Serbian Peasants Union SSSS	Milomir Babić	Agrarianism	Centre
8	People's Peasant Party NSS	Dragan Veselinov	Vojvodina autonomism	Centre-left
9	Serbian Democratic Party SDS	Tode Vojvodić	Left-wing nationalism	Left-wing
10	Association for the Yugoslav Democratic Initiative UJDI	Tibor Varadi	Yugoslavism	Big tent
11	Democratic Alliance of Croats in Vojvodina DSHV	Antun Skenderović	Minority politics	Big tent
12	Party for Democratic Action PVD/PDD	Nasufi Behlul	Minority politics	Big tent
13	Party of Yugoslavs SJ	Mihajlo Kovač	Yugoslavism	Big tent
14	Democratic Reform Party of Muslims DRSM	Đeljadin Idrizi	Minority politics	Left-wing

Results edit

Slobodan Milošević of the Socialist Party of Serbia (SPS) won the presidential elections, becoming the first elected President of Serbia. whilst the SPS won 194 of the 250 seats in the National Assembly. Opposition parties accused the SPS of voting irregularities. 7,033,610 citizens had the right to vote, 5,029,123 (71.50%) went to the polls. There were 169,461 invalid ballots (3.37%). A large number of candidates competed for the position of President of Serbia, as many as 32.^[9]^[10]

President edit


Candidate		Party	Votes	%
	Slobodan Milošević	Socialist Party of Serbia	3,285,799	67.71
	Vuk Drašković	Serbian Renewal Movement	824,674	16.99
	Ivan Đurić	SRSJS–UJDI	277,398	5.72
	Sulejman Ugljanin	Party of Democratic Action from Novi Pazar	109,459	2.26
	Vojislav Šešelj	Independent	96,277	1.98
	Blažo Perović	YU Bloc	57,420	1.18
	Slobodan Matić	Alliance of All Serbs of the World	28,978	0.60
	Dragan Jovanović	Green Party	22,458	0.46
	Ljuben Alen Aleksov	Independent	19,123	0.39
	Ljubomir Grujić	Independent	17,675	0.36
	Milan Lazarević	Independent	11,034	0.23
	Tihomir Živanović	Independent	9,892	0.20
	Jovan Koprivica	Independent	9,677	0.20
	Miodrag Gojković	Party of Independent Businessmen "Zapis"	9,262	0.19
	Tomislav Krsmanović	Movement for the Protection of Human Rights	8,095	0.17
	Živan Haravan	Party of Social Justice	7,791	0.16
	Velimir Cvetić	Social Democratic Party of Yugoslavia	6,575	0.14
	Milan Mladenović	Independent	6,459	0.13
	Miroslav Veselinović	Independent	6,180	0.13
	Nikola Barović	Independent	5,355	0.11
	Predrag Vuletić	Liberal Party	5,019	0.10
	Ratomir Vojvodić	Independent	4,414	0.09
	Ljiljana Ćuić	Independent	3,764	0.08
	Milorad Radović	Independent	3,425	0.07
	Saša Goranci	Independent	3,409	0.07
	Nikola Šećeroski	Independent	3,168	0.07
	Čedomir Nešić	Independent	2,553	0.05
	Slobodan Ranković	Independent	2,425	0.05
	Radivoje Šaranac	Republican Party	1,918	0.04
	Jovan Stojković	Independent	1,154	0.02
	Miomir Tošić	Independent	904	0.02
	Hercen Radonjić	Independent	847	0.02
Total			4,852,581	100.00

Valid votes			4,852,581	96.63
Invalid/blank votes			169,461	3.37
Total votes			5,022,042	100.00
Registered voters/turnout			7,033,610	71.40
Source: Republic Bureau of Statistics^[11]^: 2–3

National Assembly edit



Party		Votes	%	Seats
Party		Votes	%	First round	Second round	Total
	Socialist Party of Serbia	2,320,587	48.15	87	107	194
	Serbian Renewal Movement	794,786	16.49	0	19	19
	Democratic Party	374,887	7.78	0	7	7
	Democratic Fellowship of Vojvodina Hungarians	132,726	2.75	5	3	8
	Party of Democratic Action of Sandžak	84,156	1.75	3	0	3
	Union of Reform Forces of Yugoslavia for Vojvodina	74,748	1.55	0	2	2
	People's Peasant Party	68,045	1.41	0	1	1
	New Democracy – Movement for Serbia	67,356	1.40	0	0	0
	People's Radical Party	63,041	1.31	0	0	0
	Party of the Union of Peasants of Serbia	52,663	1.09	0	2	2
	Serbian National Renewal	40,359	0.84	0	0	0
	Serbian Democratic Party	32,927	0.68	0	1	1
	Green Party	32,007	0.66	0	0	0
	Union of Reform Forces of Yugoslavia in Serbia	27,358	0.57	0	0	0
	Association for the Yugoslav Democratic Initiative	24,982	0.52	0	1	1
	Democratic Alliance of Croats in Vojvodina	23,630	0.49	0	1	1
	Party for Democratic Action	21,998	0.46	1	0	1
	Party of Yugoslavs	21,784	0.45	0	1	1
	Party of Independent Businessmen and Peasants	13,778	0.29	0	0	0
	Workers' Party of Yugoslavia	13,774	0.29	0	0	0
	Serbian Saint Sava Party	9,169	0.19	0	0	0
	Liberal Party	7,325	0.15	0	0	0
	Social Democratic Party of Roma of Serbia	6,491	0.13	0	0	0
	League for Pančevo – Party of Moderate Progress	6,034	0.13	0	0	0
	Human Rights Protection Movement	4,835	0.10	0	0	0
	Peasant-Workers' Party of Serbia	4,802	0.10	0	0	0
	Party of Independent Businessmen "Zapis"	4,381	0.09	0	0	0
	Democratic Forum	4,172	0.09	0	0	0
	New Communist Movement of Yugoslavia	4,017	0.08	0	0	0
	Party of People's Harmony	3,838	0.08	0	0	0
	Party of Independent Democrats of Serbia	3,486	0.07	0	0	0
	Democratic Reform Party of Muslims	3,432	0.07	0	1	1
	Yugoslav Socialist Democratic Party	3,026	0.06	0	0	0
	Serbian Royalist Bloc	2,966	0.06	0	0	0
	Democratic Alliance of Turks	1,842	0.04	0	0	0
	Social Democratic Party of Yugoslavia	1,528	0.03	0	0	0
	Serbian School Youth Party	1,368	0.03	0	0	0
	Unknown Proposer	1,137	0.02	0	0	0
	Democratic Party (Davidović – Grol)	1,022	0.02	0	0	0
	All-Serb People's Movement	826	0.02	0	0	0
	Democratic Party of Freedom	707	0.01	0	0	0
	Democratic Political Party of Roma – Kragujevac	543	0.01	0	0	0
	Republican Party	480	0.01	0	0	0
	Independents	456,318	9.47	0	8	8
Total		4,819,337	100.00	96	154	250

Valid votes		4,819,337	95.94
Invalid/blank votes		204,018	4.06
Total votes		5,023,355	100.00
Registered voters/turnout		7,036,303	71.39
Source: Republic Bureau of Statistics^[11]^: 4 and Mihailović et al., 1991^[12]^{: 280–281}

References edit

^ Lampe, John R. (2010). Yugoslavia as History: Twice There Was a Country (2 ed.). Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. p. 233. ISBN 9780521773577. OCLC 917768569.
^ Čalić, Marie–Janine (2019). A History of Yugoslavia (1 ed.). West Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue University Press. pp. 154, 252. ISBN 9781612495644. OCLC 1086547547.
^ Banac, Ivo (1988). With Stalin against Tito: Cominformist Splits in Yugoslav Communism. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. p. 110. ISBN 9781501720833. OCLC 1083573283.
^ Biondich, Mark (2011). The Balkans: Revolution, War, and Political Violence Since 1878. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. p. 180. ISBN 9780199299058. OCLC 718575569.
^ Centrih, Lev (2014). The Road to Collapse: The Demise of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia. Rosa Luxemburg Foundation Southeast Europe. p. 13. ISBN 9788688745130. OCLC 1356439329.
^ Woodward, Susan L. (1995). Socialist Unemployment: The Political Economy of Yugoslavia, 1945–1990 (1 ed.). Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 182. ISBN 9780691086453. OCLC 911314639.
^ Derbyshire, Denis J.; Derbyshire, Ian (2000). Encyclopedia of World Political Systems (1 ed.). Armonk, New York: Taylor & Francis. p. 456. ISBN 9781317471561. OCLC 948249715.
^ "Izbori za narodne poslanike Narodne skupštine održani 9. i 23. decembra 1990. godine" [Elections for deputies of the National Assembly held on 9 and 23 December 1990]. Republic Electoral Commission (in Serbian). Retrieved 8 October 2022.
^ Nedović, Slobodanka (1997). Oko izbora 1: Izveštaj Centra za slobodne izbore i demokratiju sa parlamentarnih i predsedničkih izbora u Srbiji (septembar-oktobar 1997) [Oko izbora 1: Report of the Centre for Free Elections and Democracy on parliamentary and presidential elections in Serbia (September–October 1997)] (PDF) (in Serbian) (1 ed.). Belgrade: CeSID. OCLC 491063176.
^ Bohlen, Celestine. "Ex-Communist Chief Takes The Lead in Serbia's Election". The New York Times. p. A6. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
^ ^a ^b "Izbori 1990.: Konačni rezultati izbora za predsednika republike i narodne poslanike" [1990 elections: Final results of the elections for the president of the republic and deputies] (PDF) (in Serbian). Belgrade: Republic Bureau of Statistics. 30 January 1991. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
^ Mihailović, Srećko; Goati, Vladimir; Baćević, Ljiljana; Džuverović, Borisav; Pegan, Sergije; Vujović Brdarević, Jasmina (1991). Od izbornih rituala do slobodnih izbora: sondaža javnog mnjenja uoči prvih višestranačkih izbora u Srbiji [From election rituals to free elections: public opinion poll ahead of the first multi-party elections in Serbia] (in Serbian) (1 ed.). Belgrade: University of Belgrade, Institute of Social Sciences, Centre for political research and public opinion. ISBN 9788670930421.

External links edit

[1] Lampe, John R. (2010). Yugoslavia as History: Twice There Was a Country (2 ed.). Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. p. 233. ISBN 9780521773577. OCLC 917768569.

[2] Čalić, Marie–Janine (2019). A History of Yugoslavia (1 ed.). West Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue University Press. pp. 154, 252. ISBN 9781612495644. OCLC 1086547547.

[3] Banac, Ivo (1988). With Stalin against Tito: Cominformist Splits in Yugoslav Communism. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. p. 110. ISBN 9781501720833. OCLC 1083573283.

[4] Biondich, Mark (2011). The Balkans: Revolution, War, and Political Violence Since 1878. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. p. 180. ISBN 9780199299058. OCLC 718575569.

[5] Centrih, Lev (2014). The Road to Collapse: The Demise of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia. Rosa Luxemburg Foundation Southeast Europe. p. 13. ISBN 9788688745130. OCLC 1356439329.

[6] Woodward, Susan L. (1995). Socialist Unemployment: The Political Economy of Yugoslavia, 1945–1990 (1 ed.). Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 182. ISBN 9780691086453. OCLC 911314639.

[7] Derbyshire, Denis J.; Derbyshire, Ian (2000). Encyclopedia of World Political Systems (1 ed.). Armonk, New York: Taylor & Francis. p. 456. ISBN 9781317471561. OCLC 948249715.

[8] "Izbori za narodne poslanike Narodne skupštine održani 9. i 23. decembra 1990. godine" [Elections for deputies of the National Assembly held on 9 and 23 December 1990]. Republic Electoral Commission (in Serbian). Retrieved 8 October 2022.

[9] Nedović, Slobodanka (1997). Oko izbora 1: Izveštaj Centra za slobodne izbore i demokratiju sa parlamentarnih i predsedničkih izbora u Srbiji (septembar-oktobar 1997) [Oko izbora 1: Report of the Centre for Free Elections and Democracy on parliamentary and presidential elections in Serbia (September–October 1997)] (PDF) (in Serbian) (1 ed.). Belgrade: CeSID. OCLC 491063176.

[10] Bohlen, Celestine. "Ex-Communist Chief Takes The Lead in Serbia's Election". The New York Times. p. A6. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 22 August 2023.

[rezultati1990rzs-11] "Izbori 1990.: Konačni rezultati izbora za predsednika republike i narodne poslanike" [1990 elections: Final results of the elections for the president of the republic and deputies] (PDF) (in Serbian). Belgrade: Republic Bureau of Statistics. 30 January 1991. Retrieved 22 August 2023.

[12] Mihailović, Srećko; Goati, Vladimir; Baćević, Ljiljana; Džuverović, Borisav; Pegan, Sergije; Vujović Brdarević, Jasmina (1991). Od izbornih rituala do slobodnih izbora: sondaža javnog mnjenja uoči prvih višestranačkih izbora u Srbiji [From election rituals to free elections: public opinion poll ahead of the first multi-party elections in Serbia] (in Serbian) (1 ed.). Belgrade: University of Belgrade, Institute of Social Sciences, Centre for political research and public opinion. ISBN 9788670930421.

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