Khalil Muhammad Issa, better known by his nom de guerre Abu Ibrahim al-Kabir, was a Palestinian Arab commander during the 1936-39 Arab revolt in Palestine.
Khalil Muhammad Issa | |
|---|---|
| Born | |
| Nationality | Palestinian |
| Other names | Abu Ibrahim al-Kabir |
| Occupation(s) | Laborer, guerrilla |
| Known for | Regional Commander in the 1936–39 Palestine revolt |
Life edit
Abu Ibrahim worked as a labourer in Haifa during the 1920s.[1] It was at that time that he became a close disciple of Izz ad-Din al-Qassam. Al-Qassam had been organising the peasants and urban dwellers of northern Palestine into an armed movement. By the early 1930s, Abu Ibrahim was arguing that the movement should have started a revolt against the British colonial authorities in Palestine immediately in the wake of the 1929 riots so as not to allow the British an opportunity to further clamp down and weaken the Palestinian community.[2]
Following al-Qassam's death in 1935, he and other deputies of al-Qassam, such as Farhan al-Sa'di and Attiyah Abu Awad, took command of rebel bands. Together, they spearheaded the 1936 revolt. Abu Ibrahim was among the leading commanders of Palestinian rebels in the Upper Galilee. His unit, which drew Qassamiyun from the villages between Haifa and Saffuriya, called themselves "al-Darawish", which translates as "the Dervishes".[3]
In October 1937, a headquarters for the revolt was set up in Damascus, Syria, known as the Central Committee of National Jihad in Palestine. Abu Ibrahim became the sole rebel commander serving on the committee.[1] Abu Ibrahim was adept at raising funds and procuring weapons for the armed struggle.[4] Although he based himself in Damascus, he would regularly enter Palestine to assess his group's situation and pay them their stipends. In 1938, he personally led an assault against the Jewish neighbourhoods in Tiberias, which resulted in the deaths of 19 Jewish residents.[3] According to contemporary accounts of some Palestinians, Abu Ibrahim also oversaw the campaign to eliminate Palestinian individuals who cooperated with the British authorities in the Galilee.[1]
Unlike many of his comrades, Abu Ibrahim survived the revolt and was reportedly alive as late as 1972.[5]
References edit
- ^ a b c Swedenberg, p. 165.
- ^ Lesch, Ann Mosley (1979), Arab Politics in Palestine, 1917-1939: The Frustration of a Nationalist Movement, Cornell University Press, p. 213, ISBN 9780801412370
- ^ a b Lachman, Shai (2015), "Qassamites in the Arab Revolt, 1936-39", Zionism and Arabism in Palestine and Israel, Routledge, ISBN 9781317442721
- ^ Barr, 2012, p. 164.
- ^ Johnson, Nels (2013), Islam and the Politics of Meaning in Palestinian Nationalism, Routledge, p. 43, ISBN 9781134608584
Bibliography edit
- Barr, James (2012). A Line in the Sand: The Anglo-French Struggle for the Middle East, 1914–1948. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 9780393070651.
- Swedenburg, Ted (2003). Memories of Revolt: The 1936–1939 Rebellion and the Palestinian National Past. University of Arkansas Press. ISBN 1610752635.