The All-Russian Fascist Organization (VFO) (Всероссийская фашистская организация; ''Vserossiyskaya Fašistskija Organizatsiya") was a Russian white émigré group led by Anastasy Vonsyatsky. It was based in Putnam, Connecticut, United States and was founded on May 10, 1933, by Vonsyatsky and Donat Yosifovich Kunle, a former White Russian Army officer. The group never had more than several hundred members.[1][2]
All-Russian Fascist Organization | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Leader | Anastasy Vonsyatsky |
| Founded | May 10, 1933 |
| Dissolved | 1942 |
| Succeeded by | Russian Fascist Party |
| Headquarters | Putnam, Connecticut |
| Newspaper | Fashist |
| Membership | Several hundred |
| Ideology | Fascism |
| Political position | Far-right |
In 1934, in Yokohama, the Russian Fascist Party (RFP) and VFO attempted to merge into a new entity, the All-Russia Fascist Party. On April 3, 1934, representatives from both organisations signed a protocol number 1, which proclaimed the merger of RFP and VFO and the creation of the All-Russia Fascist Party (VFP). The new organisation was intended to connect the RFP's organizational structure with the financial resources of the VFO. April 26, 1934, in Harbin on 2-m (Unity) Congress of Russian Fascists happened formal association VFO and the RFP and the creation of the All-Russia Fascist Party.[3]
A full merger was quite problematic however, because Vonsyatsky was an opponent of anti-Semitism and considered the support base of the RFP—primarily Russian Cossacks and the monarchists—as an anachronism. In October–December 1934 there was a split between Konstantin Rodzaevsky and Anastasy Vonsyatsky. The Vonsyatsky group remained in the RFP, but later he refounded his party as the All-Russian National Revolutionary Party.[4][5] The party remained a marginal feature.[4] It was renamed several times, eventually assuming the name All-Russian National Revolutionary Toilers and Workers-Peasants Party of Fascists (Russian: Всероссийская национально-революционная трудовая и рабоче-крестьянская партии фашистов)[6]
In 1940 – December 1941, the cooperation of Konstantin Rodzaevsky and Anastasy Vonsyatsky resumed, interrupted with the start of Japanese-American War.
On June 21, 1941, Donat Kunle, a pilot, was killed in a plane crash in California, resulting in the VFO ceasing the publication of its newspaper, Fashist.[7]
After the U.S. entry into World War II in 1942 Anastasy Vonsyatsky was arrested by the FBI for espionage, after which the party ceased to exist.
References edit
- ^ Oberlander, p. 163
- ^ communism, ABRAHAM BRUMBERG; ABRAHAM BRUMBERG; former editor of Problems of; studie, is now a guest schoolar at a Kennan Institute for higher Russian (1978-08-27). "Quixotic Crusade Against the Soviets". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2023-12-24.
{{cite news}}:|first=has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ The Russian Fascists: Tragedy and Farce in Exile, 1925—1945 by John J. Stephan, p. 160
- ^ a b Oberlander, pp. 165–168
- ^ Winter, Barbara. The Most Dangerous Man in Australia Archived 2016-04-25 at the Wayback Machine. Carindale, Qld: IP (Interactive Publications), 2010. p. 131
- ^ emigrantica.ru. Фашист (Putnam, Connecticut, USA, 1933—1941)
- ^ Civil Aeronautics Journal. Office of Aviation Administration. 1941. p. 50.
Further reading edit
- E. Oberlander, 'The All-Russian Fascist Party', Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 1, No. 1. (1966), pp. 158–173
- The Russian Fascists: Tragedy and Farce in Exile, 1925–1945 by John J. Stephan ISBN 0-06-014099-2
- К. В. Родзаевский. Завещание Русского фашиста. М., ФЭРИ-В, 2001 ISBN 5-94138-010-0
- А.В. Окороков. Фашизм и русская эмиграция (1920–1945 гг.). М., Руссаки, 2002 ISBN 5-93347-063-5
- Н.Н. Грозин. Защитные рубашки. Шанхай: Издательство Всероссийский Русский Календарь, 1939.