Wikipedia

Indian (1996 film)

Indian is a 1996 Indian Tamil-language vigilante action film co-written and directed by S. Shankar and produced by A. M. Rathnam. The film stars Kamal Haasan in a dual role, alongside Manisha Koirala, Urmila Matondkar and Sukanya. The music composed by A. R. Rahman, while the cinematography and editing were handled by Jeeva and B. Lenin-V. T. Vijayan.[1] It revolves around a retired freedom fighter who rebels against corruption in India, especially bribery.

Indian
Theatrical release poster
Directed byS. Shankar
Written bySujatha (Dialogues)
Screenplay byS. Shankar
Story byS. Shankar
Produced byA. M. Rathnam
Starring
CinematographyJeeva
Edited byB. Lenin
V. T. Vijayan
Music byA. R. Rahman
Production
company
Sri Surya Movies
Release date
  • 9 May 1996 (1996-05-09)
Running time
185 minutes
CountryIndia
LanguageTamil

Indian was released on 9 May 1996 worldwide and became the highest-grossing Tamil film upon its release, beating the collections of Baashha until being surpassed by Padayappa.[2] The film was selected by India as its entry for the Best Foreign Language Film for the Academy Awards in 1996, but was not nominated. The film went on to win three National Film Awards including that of Best Actor for Haasan, while his performance also saw him win at the Filmfare Awards and the Tamil Nadu State Film Awards. A sequel Indian 2 is in production, with Haasan reprising the title role.

Plot edit

A series of killings take place at Avadi in the same pattern; stabbing by a knife and the victim becoming paralysed before being killed. The Chennai Police Department, led by CBI officer Krishnaswamy suspects several people, where they narrow down the killer by his age, which should be more than 70 years based on the writing style of a letter left behind by the killer while killing an officer in the government treasury. The officer is killed by an old man who is later known to be Senapathy, a veteran Indian freedom fighter and a member of the INA led by Subhas Chandra Bose, for threatening a poor old woman to bribe him to hand over compensation amount of ₹10,000 (US$130) given by the government as her husband was killed in a riot.

Chandrabose alias Chandru is a small-time broker stationed outside the RTO at Chennai. Chandru and his assistant Subbaiah aids people in bribing the right officials inside the RTO in getting permits and licenses. Subbaiah and an RTO official named Paneerselvam are engaged in regular conflicts with one another. At the same time, Aishwarya, Chandru's love interest and an avid animal rights activist, also comes into conflict with Sapna, a medical student and the daughter of an RTO official. Chandru attempts to win over Sapna and her family to secure a job as a brake inspector at the RTO. Aishwarya is irked by the fact that Sapna and her mother are exploiting Chandru's situation, getting him to do household chores. Sapna realises that Chandru loves Aishwarya and gives up her love. It is revealed that Chandru is Senapathy's son. They both had fallen out due to Senapathy's excessive insistence on honesty and righteousness, which Chandru considers to be irrelevant in the present times.

Meanwhile, Krishnaswamy manages to trace his way to Senapathy's house posing as a freedom fighter eligible for Swathantra Sainik Samman Pension Scheme. When Krishnaswamy tries to arrest him, Senapathy and his wife Amirthavalli, a puppeteer, escape with his expertise in Varma kalai. Later, Senapathy murders a corrupt doctor in front of live television audience as the doctor refused to treat Senapathy's daughter Kasturi, who was suffering from third-degree burns unless given a bribe, but Senapathy refused and thus led to her death. The public support surges for Senapathy as he exposes many corrupt individuals. Senapathy does not do any favours for Chandru either. Chandru, who managed to bribe a job as a brake inspector, takes a bribe and gives a safety certificate to a bus with faulty brakes, which eventually kills 40 school children, including the driver.

Chandru tries to frame the driver for drunk driving and manages to bribe a cop and a doctor on the same. However, Senapathy catches him in the act and is bent on giving Chandru the same punishment that he gives others i.e. death. However, as he attempts to kill Chandru, Senapathy is caught by Krishnaswamy and sentenced to prison. Senapathy escapes and leaves to kill Chandru. Despite pleas from Amirthavalli and Aishwarya to spare Chandru's life, Senapathy heads for the airport where Chandru is attempting to flee to Mumbai. A chase culminates at the airport, where Senapathy tearfully kills his son and apparently dies in an explosion involving an aeroplane. While investigating recorded footage, Krishnaswamy discovers that Senapathy escaped moments before the jeep exploded. Senapathy calls Krishnaswamy from Hong Kong and says that he will be back whenever the need for his presence should arise.

Cast edit

Production edit

 
Sydney Harbour Bridge is seen in the song "Telephone Manipol".

Soon after the release of Gentleman (1993), Shankar narrated a script titled Periya Manushan to actor Rajinikanth, but the pair did not end up collaborating.[3] He then considered making the film in Telugu with Rajasekhar in a leading role, alongside either Nagarjuna or Venkatesh, but the plans did not materialise. In June 1995, producer A. M. Rathnam signed on Shankar to make the venture featuring leading actor Kamal Haasan in the lead role. The film, retitled as Indian, was initially reported to be loosely based on the life of prominent Indian freedom fighter, Subhas Chandra Bose.[4]

Shankar tried to cast Aishwarya Rai to make her debut and portray the leading female role. Her commitment to her advertisement agency until October 1995 meant that she was unavailable to sign the film.[4] Subsequently, Manisha Koirala was selected after Shankar was impressed with her performance in Bombay. The producers wanted Radhika to play the pair of the older Kamal Haasan in the film, but her television commitments meant that she was unable to sign a contract. Urvashi's sister subsequently replaced her, only for Shankar to throw her out for missing a day's schedule to attend her wedding. The role was finally handed to Sukanya, who had previously appeared alongside Kamal Haasan in Mahanadhi. Bollywood actress Urmila Matondkar was signed to play another leading role in the film after the producers were impressed with her performance and the success of her 1995 Hindi film, Rangeela.[4] Malayalam character actor Nedumudi Venu signed on to play the role of CBI officer Krishnaswamy at Haasan's recommendation,[5] while Nassar dubbed his voice.[6] The producers engaged Hollywood make-up artists Michael Westmore and Michael Jones to work on the designs for the senior Kamal Haasan's and Sukanya's look in the film.[7] Shankar initially wanted P. C. Sreeram to handle cinematography; however due to his other commitments, Jeeva was chosen as cinematographer.[8]

For production work, Shankar visited Las Vegas to learn about new technology and purchased cameras for production. Furthermore, the director visited Australia alongside cinematographer Jeeva and music director A. R. Rahman to location hunt and to compose tunes.[4] The film's unit was given strict orders to maintain privacy, with Hindi actor Jackie Shroff being notably turned away from visiting the shooting spot. A song for the film was shot at Prasad Studios featuring Haasan and Matondkar alongside 70 Bombay models.[9] This led to a protest from the Cine Dancers Union who argued that Tamil dancers should have been utilised instead, with Shankar opting to pay them off to avoid further hassle. Another duet between Haasan and Koirala was shot near the Sydney Opera House in Sydney and Canberra for fifteen days.[10] A flashback song was canned with four hundred dancers and a thousand extras at Gingee with Kamal Haasan and Sukanya, while another song featured shooting in Jodhpur, Rajasthan.[4][7] The flashback sequences, set during pre-Independent India, were in black-and-white.[11] Graphic designer Venky noted that Indian was his most difficult project to date (in 1997) with a scene constructed to feature Kamal Haasan's character alongside Subhas Chandra Bose. Venky had to remove blemishes on the film reel of Bose provided by the Film Division's archive before merging Haasan on to the shot to make it appear that the pair were marching in tandem.[12]

Indian was the most expensive Indian film at the time. According to an estimate by critic G. Dhananjayan, the production budget was ₹8 crores (worth ₹96 crores in 2021 prices).[13] Rediff.com however estimated budget to be ₹15 crore.[14][15] The music video for "Akadanu Naanga" directed by Padam Kumar and choreographed by Vaibhavi Merchant, cost ₹1.5 crore.[16]

Music edit

Indian
Soundtrack album by
A. R. Rahman
Released1996
RecordedPanchathan Record Inn
GenreFeature film soundtrack
Length30:05
LabelPyramid
Ayngaran Music
Star Music
Sa Re Ga Ma
Aditya Music
T-Series
TIPS
ProducerA. R. Rahman
A. R. Rahman chronology
Love Birds
(1996) 		Indian
(1996) 		Kadhal Desam
(1996)
External audio
  Audio Jukebox (Tamil) on YouTube
  Audio Jukebox (Telugu) on YouTube
  Audio Jukebox (Hindi) on YouTube

The soundtrack album includes five tracks composed by A. R. Rahman,[17] and was released in 1996 by Pyramid. The soundtrack was also released in Hindi as Hindustani by TIPS and in Telugu as Bharateeyudu by T-Series.[18] The lyrics were written by Vaali and Vairamuthu for the original version, P. K. Mishra for Hindustani and Bhuvanachandra for Bharateeyudu.

The Tamil soundtrack of Indian was a major success, having sold about 600,000 records within days of release.[19] The Hindi soundtrack, called Hindustani, sold a further 1.8 million units,[20] bringing total sales to at least 2.4 million units.

Track listing for Indian (Tamil)
No.TitleLyricsSinger(s)Length
1."Akadanu Naanga"VaaliSwarnalatha5:44
2."Maya Mahindra"VaaliS. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Swarnalatha5:37
3."Pachai Kiligal"VairamuthuK. J. Yesudas, Nirmala Seshadri5:50
4."Telephone Manipol"VairamuthuHariharan, Harini, Srinivas6:15
5."Kappaleri Poyaachu"VaaliP. Susheela, S. P. Balasubrahmanyam6:28

All lyrics are written by P. K. Mishra

Track listing for Hindustani (Hindi)
No.TitleSinger(s)Length
1."Latka Dikha Diya Humne"Swarnalatha5:44
2."Maya Mahindra"S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Swarnalatha5:37
3."Pyaare Panchhi"K. J. Yesudas, Nirmala Seshadri5:50
4."Telephone Dhoon Me"Hariharan, Kavita Krishnamurthy, Srinivas6:15
5."Kashtiyaan Bhi"S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Sadhana Sargam6:28
6."Latka Dikha Diya Humne (version-2)"Suchitra Krishnamurthy5:48

All lyrics are written by Bhuvanachandra

Track listing for Bharateeyudu (Telugu)
No.TitleSinger(s)Length
1."Adireti"Swarnalatha5:44
2."Maya Mahindra"S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Swarnalatha5:37
3."Pachani Chilukalu"K. J. Yesudas, Nirmala Seshadri5:50
4."Telephone Dhwani La"Hariharan, Harini, Srinivas6:15
5."Teppalelli Poyaka"S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Sujatha Mohan6:28

Release edit

Indian was released worldwide on 9 May 1996.[21] Prior to the release of the film, the team also planned a Hindi version of the film. It was partially reshot in Hindi as Hindustani with Aruna Irani in place of Manorama. The Hindi version also did well after its release on 23 August 1996.[22] The film was also dubbed in Telugu as Bharathyeedu and in Malayalam under the same title. In 2015, the Hindi version Hindustani was screened at the Habitat Film Festival.[23]

Reception edit

Box office edit

The film became an Industry hit at the box office by breaking the record for a Tamil film and earning over ₹50 crore in India and overseas.[13] The film ran to packed houses for several months in Tamil Nadu. Indian was also dubbed into Telugu as Bharatheeyudu and in Hindi as Hindustani. Both Telugu and Hindi dubbed versions also emerged blockbusters at the box office.[24]

Critical response edit

Nirupama Subramanian from India Today praised Shankar's script, noting that "with the right mix of pop patriotism, anti-establishment diatribes and other commercial cinema ingredients, Shankar's latest creation has south India applauding" before adding that "the real triumph of the film is the effective make-over that believably transforms the actors".[25] Tharamani of Kalki praised for romance in dignified manner, for narrating flashback in black-and-white and keeping the beauty shining and budding everywhere without being blinded but panned the film for giving a wrong message of justifying the murders.[26] The Hindu wrote, "Shankar establishes himself as one who thinks big and executes what his mind has conceived in a lavish style on the screen be it the dance sequences or action and thrills the Tamil viewers have not witnessed before". The critic added, "Kamal is simply superb as Senapathy, his thick voice and the dhoti-jubba attire adding to his portrayal. As Chandru he underplays his part".[27]

Accolades edit

Indian was selected by India as its entry for the Best Foreign Language Film for the Academy Awards in 1996, but was not nominated.[28]

List of awards and nominations
Award Date of ceremony Category Nominee(s) Result Ref.
National Film Awards July 1997 Best Actor Kamal Haasan Won [29]
Best Art Direction Thota Tharani Won
Best Special Effects S. T. Venky Won
Tamil Nadu State Film Awards  – Best Film (First prize) A. M. Rathnam as a producer Won [30]
Best Actor Kamal Haasan Won
Filmfare Awards South 30 August 1997 Best Film – Tamil A. M. Rathnam as a producer Won [31]
[32]
[33]
Best Actor – Tamil Kamal Haasan Won
Cinema Express Awards  – Best Film A. M. Rathnam as a producer Won [citation needed]
Best Actor Kamal Haasan Won

Sequel edit

Main article: Indian 2

In September 2017, a sequel Indian 2 was announced jointly by Shankar and Haasan, with Dil Raju handling production.[34] The following month, Raju left the film which was then picked up by Lyca Productions.[35] The film has Haasan reprising his role as Senapathy. Production began in January 2019,[36] but progressed slowly for over five years.[37]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Ramanujam, Srinivasa (5 May 2021). "25 years of 'Indian': Meet 'Aasaan' Rajendran, who taught 'varmakkalai' to Kamal Haasan". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 8 May 2021. Retrieved 8 May 2021.
  2. ^ Dhananjayan 2014, p. 352.
  3. ^ "Rajinikanth was Shankar's first choice for India but Superstar turned it down". India Today. 18 January 2019. Archived from the original on 10 February 2022. Retrieved 15 June 2021.
  4. ^ a b c d e Sitaraman, Sandya (3 February 1996). "Tamil Movie News--Pudhu Edition(Cont.)". Google Groups. Archived from the original on 10 April 2023. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
  5. ^ സംവിധായകൻ ശങ്കർ നെടുമുടിയുടെ അഭിനയം കണ്ട് അന്ന് ചോദിച്ചത് | Kamal Hasan | Nedumudi Venu | Kairali TV (in Malayalam). Kairali TV. 23 October 2021. Archived from the original on 12 March 2024. Retrieved 12 March 2024 – via YouTube.
  6. ^ "Nasser gets a rare Honour". IndiaGlitz.com. 2 May 2016. Archived from the original on 3 March 2024. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
  7. ^ a b Sitaraman, Sandya (29 March 1996). "Tamil Movie News--Pudhu Edition(Cont.)". Google Groups. Archived from the original on 1 December 2021. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
  8. ^ "எனக்கு யாரும் சிஷ்யர்கள் இல்லை!". Kalki (in Tamil). 30 July 2006. pp. 56–57. Archived from the original on 30 March 2024. Retrieved 30 March 2024 – via Internet Archive.
  9. ^ Sitaraman, Sandya (3 February 1996). "Tamil Movie News--Pudhu Edition". Google Groups. Archived from the original on 10 April 2023. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
  10. ^ Rajitha (4 April 1997). "'The story line is important, the rest are like cosmetics'". Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 30 December 2013. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
  11. ^ Sundaram, Nandhu (2 October 2017). "Kamal Haasan's Indian set benchmark for special effects, art direction — How will the sequel fare?". Firstpost. Archived from the original on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
  12. ^ Rajitha (4 November 1997). "The Grand Illusion". Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 17 December 2014. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
  13. ^ a b Dhananjayan 2014, p. 353.
  14. ^ Saraswathi, S (7 November 2014). "Birthday Special: Kamal Haasan's 60 years of excellence". Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 5 February 2017. Retrieved 6 May 2017.
  15. ^ "Official exchange rate (LCU per US$, period average)". World Bank. 1996. Archived from the original on 16 January 2019. Retrieved 14 January 2019.
  16. ^ Chopra, Anupama (15 March 1997). "Film scripts demand extravagant song sequences to make box office jingle". India Today. Archived from the original on 16 January 2019. Retrieved 25 April 2013.
  17. ^ "Indian". arrahman.com. Archived from the original on 13 September 2011. Retrieved 30 August 2011.
  18. ^ "The Complete Discography of A.R.Rahman". gopalhome.tripod.com. Archived from the original on 17 August 2011. Retrieved 30 August 2011.
  19. ^ Pillai, Sreedhar (3 July 2003). "Singing a different tune". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 1 May 2004. Retrieved 3 July 2003.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  20. ^ "Music Hits 1990–1999 (Figures in Units)". Box Office India. Archived from the original on 2 January 2010. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
  21. ^ M V, Vivek (9 May 2021). "25 years of Indian: when grandeur had no limit". Deccan Herald. Archived from the original on 23 March 2024. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  22. ^ "Ready for another Sivaji release this Diwali?". Behindwoods. 21 August 2007. Archived from the original on 6 April 2023. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
  23. ^ "The 10th Habitat Film Festival 2015" (PDF). Habitat Film Club. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 March 2017. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
  24. ^ "Zero And KGF (Hindi) Third Week Update". Box Office India. 11 January 2019. Archived from the original on 26 February 2024. Retrieved 26 February 2024.
  25. ^ Subramanian, Nirupama (15 August 1996). "Pop patriotism". India Today. Archived from the original on 11 June 2015. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
  26. ^ தரமணி (2 June 1996). "இந்தியன்". Kalki (in Tamil). Archived from the original on 10 April 2023. Retrieved 10 April 2023 – via Internet Archive.
  27. ^ "Inthian/Chutti Kuzhandhai". The Hindu. 17 May 1996. p. 29. Archived from the original on 20 December 1996. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
  28. ^ "39 Countries Hoping for Oscar Nominations". oscars.org. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. 13 November 1996. Archived from the original on 9 February 1999. Retrieved 5 October 2015.
  29. ^ "44th National Film Festival" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. p. 22. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
  30. ^ "1996 Cinema State Awards". Dinakaran. Archived from the original on 3 February 1999. Retrieved 11 August 2009.
  31. ^ "Best Film". Filmfare. October 1997. Archived from the original on 3 November 1999. Retrieved 22 January 2020.
  32. ^ "Best Actor". Filmfare. October 1997. Archived from the original on 18 October 1999. Retrieved 22 January 2020.
  33. ^ "Kamal wins 17th Film fare award for role in Indian". The Economic Times. 9 July 1997. Archived from the original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
  34. ^ "Kamal Haasan, Shankar to reunite for 'Indian 2'". The Hindu. 30 September 2017. Archived from the original on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 30 September 2017.
  35. ^ "BREAKING: REASON FOR INDIAN 2'S PRODUCER CHANGE, REVEALED!". Behindwoods. 21 October 2017. Archived from the original on 21 October 2017. Retrieved 21 October 2017.
  36. ^ "Kamal Haasan's 'Indian 2' shooting kicks off today". The Times of India. 18 January 2019. Archived from the original on 2 September 2019. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
  37. ^ "Indian 2 teaser: Kamal Haasan and Shankar do justice to all the delay". The Indian Express. 3 November 2023. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2023.

Bibliography edit

External links edit

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