Wikipedia

List of United States state officials convicted of federal corruption offenses

This is a list of notable U.S. state officials convicted of only certain federal public corruption offenses for conduct while in office. The list is organized by office. Acquitted officials are not listed (if an official was acquitted on some counts, and convicted on others, the counts of conviction are listed). Officials convicted of state crimes are not listed.

For a more complete list see: List of American state and local politicians convicted of crimes.

The criminal statute(s) under which the conviction(s) were obtained are noted, as are the names of notable investigations or scandals, if applicable. If a defendant is convicted of a conspiracy to commit a corruption offense, the substantive offense is listed.

Criminal convictions such as making false statements, perjury, obstruction of justice, electoral fraud, and campaign finance regulations, tax evasion, and money laundering even if related, are not included in this list.

Certain details, including post-conviction relief, if applicable, are included in footnotes. For example, several officials obtained post-conviction relief after the Supreme Court's decisions narrowing the mail fraud statute in McNally v. United States (1987) and Skilling v. United States (2010) and narrowing the Hobbs Act in McCormick v. United States (1991).

The Hobbs Act (enacted 1934),[1] the mail and wire fraud statutes (enacted 1872), including the honest services fraud provision,[2] the Travel Act (enacted 1961),[3] the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) (enacted 1970),[4] and the federal program bribery statute, 18 U.S.C. § 666 (enacted 1984),[5] permit the prosecution of such officials. These statutes are also applicable to corrupt federal officials.[6] In addition, federal officials are subject to the federal bribery, graft, and conflict-of-interest crimes contained in Title 18, Chapter 11 of the United States Code, 18 U.S.C. §§ 201–227, which do not apply to state and local officials.[6]

Governors edit

  •  
    Gov. Blagojevich
  •  
    Gov. Blanton
  •  
    Gov. Kerner
  •  
    Gov. Langer
  •  
    Gov. Leche
  •  
    Gov. Mandel
  •  
    Gov. Ryan
  •  
    Gov. Siegelman
Governor Office Crime(s) Investigation Notes
Rod Blagojevich Governor of Illinois Hobbs Act and mail fraud Operation Board Games [7]
Ray Blanton Governor of Tennessee Hobbs Act and mail fraud [8]
Edwin Edwards Governor of Louisiana Hobbs Act, mail fraud, and RICO [9]
David Hall Governor of Oklahoma Hobbs Act and Travel Act [10]
Otto Kerner, Jr. Governor of Illinois Mail fraud and Travel Act [11]
William Langer Governor of North Dakota Conspiracy to defraud the United States [12]
Richard W. Leche Governor of Louisiana Mail fraud [13]
Arch A. Moore, Jr. Governor of West Virginia Hobbs Act and mail fraud [14]
John G. Rowland Governor of Connecticut Mail fraud [15]
George Ryan Governor of Illinois Mail fraud and RICO Operation Safe Roads [16]
Don Siegelman Governor of Alabama Mail fraud and program bribery [17]

Cabinet members edit

Cabinet member Office Crime(s) Investigation Notes
Robert J. Burkhardt Secretary of State of New Jersey [18]
R. Budd Dwyer Treasurer of Pennsylvania Mail fraud and RICO [19]
Gilbert L. Dozier Commissioner of Agriculture of the State of Louisiana Hobbs Act and RICO [20]
Richmond Flowers, Sr. Attorney General of Alabama Hobbs Act [21]
Barney Grabiec Director of the Illinois Department of Labor Hobbs Act [22]
John A. Kervick New Jersey State Treasurer Hobbs Act [23]
Dan Morales Attorney General of Texas Mail fraud [24]
Meg Scott Phipps North Carolina Commissioner of Agriculture Hobbs Act [25]
Ernie Preate Attorney General of Pennsylvania Mail fraud [26]
Paul J. Sherwin Secretary of State of New Jersey Hobbs Act [27]
Paul Silvester Connecticut State Treasurer RICO [28]
Robert Vigil New Mexico State Treasurer Hobbs Act [29]

Legislators edit

  •  
    New York Senate majority leader Bruno
  •  
    Massachusetts House speaker DiMasi
  •  
    Virginia state representative Hamilton
  •  
    California state representative Nolan (left)
State legislator Office Crime(s) Investigation Notes
Thomas T. Anderson Alaska state representative Hobbs Act Alaska political corruption probe [30]
John Bagnariol Speaker of the Washington House of Representatives RICO [31]
Kenneth E. Bailey Sr. South Carolina state representative Hobbs Act Operation Lost Trust [32]
Larry Bankston Louisiana state senator Travel Act [33]
James B. Black Speaker of the North Carolina House of Representatives Program bribery [34]
Don Blandford Speaker of the Kentucky House of Representatives Hobbs Act and RICO Operation Boptrot [35]
Kathryn I. Bowers Tennessee state senator Program bribery Operation Tennessee Waltz [36]
Thomas L. Bromwell Maryland state senator RICO [37]
Jerry Bronger Kentucky state representative Hobbs Act Operation Boptrot [38]
Wayne R. Bryant New Jersey state senator Mail fraud and program bribery [39]
William G. Burgin Mississippi state senator Conspiracy to defraud the United States [40]
Tommy Burnett Tennessee House majority leader Mail fraud Operation Rocky Top [41]
Louis F. Capuzi Illinois state representative Mail fraud [42]
Paul B. Carpenter California state senator Hobbs Act and RICO BRISPEC sting operation [43]
Donald D. Carpentier Illinois state senator Mail fraud [44]
John A. Celona Rhode Island state senator Mail fraud [45]
Henry Cianfrani Pennsylvania state senator Mail fraud and RICO [46]
Joseph Coniglio New Jersey state senator Hobbs Act and mail fraud [47]
Kenneth Course Illinois state senator Mail fraud [48]
Robert Craig Illinois state representative Mail fraud and Travel Act [49]
John Cowdery Alaska state senator Program bribery Alaska political corruption probe [50]
Clay Crupper Kentucky state representative Travel Act Operation Boptrot [51]
Ward Crutchfield Tennessee state senator Program bribery Operation Tennessee Waltz [52]
John A. D'Arco, Jr. Illinois state senator Hobbs Act Operation Gambat [53]
Patricia Davis Alabama state representative Hobbs Act [54]
Michael P. Decker North Carolina state representative Hobbs Act and mail fraud [55]
Paul Derrick South Carolina state representative Hobbs Act Operation Lost Trust [56]
Joseph DiCarlo Massachusetts state senator Hobbs Act and Travel Act MBM investigation [57]
Salvatore DiMasi Speaker of the Massachusetts House of Representatives Hobbs Act and mail fraud [58]
Roscoe Dixon Tennessee state senator Hobbs Act and program bribery Operation Tennessee Waltz [59]
Ennis Fant South Carolina state representative Hobbs Act Operation Lost Trust [60]
James C. Ferguson South Carolina state representative Hobbs Act Operation Lost Trust [61]
Richard Foley, Jr. Connecticut state representative Program bribery [62]
John Ford Tennessee state senator Wire fraud and program bribery Operation Tennessee Waltz [63]
Gordon Fox Speaker of the Rhode Island House of Representatives Wire fraud, bribery, and filing a false tax return [64]
Vince Fumo Pennsylvania state senator Mail fraud [65]
Helen Garrett Kentucky state senator Mail fraud Operation Boptrot [66]
Frank Gigliotti Pennsylvania state representative Hobbs Act [67]
Edgar Gillock Tennessee state senator Hobbs Act and mail and wire fraud [68]
Efrain Gonzalez New York state senator Mail fraud [69]
Benjamin J. Gordon South Carolina state representative Hobbs Act Operation Lost Trust [70]
Bob F. Griffin Speaker of the Missouri House of Representatives Mail fraud and program bribery [71]
Phil Hamilton Virginia state representative Hobbs Act and program bribery [72]
Frank Hill California state representative Hobbs Act BRISPEC sting operation [73]
Max Homer Pennsylvania state representative Hobbs Act [74]
Jeffrey D. Johnson Ohio state senator Hobbs Act [75]
James A. Kelly, Jr. Massachusetts state senator Hobbs Act [76]
Robert A. Kohn South Carolina state representative Hobbs Act Operation Lost Trust [77]
Vic Kohring Alaska state representative Hobbs Act and program bribery Alaska political corruption probe [78]
Pete Kott Speaker of the Alaska House of Representatives Hobbs Act, mail fraud, and program bribery Alaska political corruption probe [79]
Carl Kruger New York state senator Mail fraud and Travel Act [80]
David Flavous Lambert, Jr. Mississippi state senator Conspiracy to defraud the United States [40]
Ronnie Layman Kentucky state representative Hobbs Act Operation Boptrot [81]
Jefferson Marion Long, Jr. South Carolina state representative Hobbs Act Operation Lost Trust [82]
John A. Lynch, Jr. New Jersey state representative Mail fraud [83]
Ronald MacKenzie Massachusetts state senator Hobbs Act and Travel Act MBM investigation [57]
Gerard M. Martineau Rhode Island House majority leader Mail fraud [84]
Beverly Masek Alaska state representative Travel Act Alaska political corruption probe [85]
Frank Mazzei Pennsylvania state senator Hobbs Act [86]
William K. McBee Kentucky state representative Hobbs Act and Travel Act Operation Boptrot [87]
Edward McClain Alabama state senator Mail fraud [88]
Joseph B. Montoya California state senator Hobbs Act and RICO BRISPEC sting operation [89]
Mike Morgan Oklahoma state senator Program bribery [90]
J. Chris Newton Tennessee state representative Hobbs Act and program bribery Operation Tennessee Waltz [91]
Ernie Newton Connecticut state senator Mail fraud [92]
Pat Nolan California state representative RICO BRISPEC sting operation [93]
Frank P. North, Jr. Illinois state representative Mail fraud [94]
Virgil Pearman Kentucky state senator Mail fraud Operation Boptrot [95]
Joseph R. Pisani New York state senator Mail fraud [96]
Richard J. Rabbitt Speaker of the Missouri House of Representatives Hobbs Act and mail fraud [97]
Alan Robbins California state senator Hobbs Act and RICO [98]
John Rogers Kentucky Senate minority leader Hobbs Act and mail fraud Operation Boptrot [99]
John I. Rogers, III South Carolina state representative RICO Operation Lost Trust [100]
Michael Russo Louisiana state representative Hobbs Act [101]
George Santoni Maryland state representative Hobbs Act [102]
Anthony Seminerio New York state representative Mail fraud [103]
Landon Sexton Kentucky state senator Mail fraud Operation Boptrot [104]
Suzanne L. Schmitz Alabama state representative Mail fraud and program bribery [105]
Terry Spicer Alabama state representative Program bribery [106]
Bill Strong Kentucky state representative Mail fraud Operation Boptrot [107]
Luther Langford Taylor, Jr. South Carolina state representative Hobbs Act Operation Lost Trust [108]
Dan R. Tonkovich West Virginia Senate President Hobbs Act [109]
Daniel Van Pelt New Jersey state representative Hobbs Act and program bribery Operation Bid Rig [110]
Gordon Walgren Washington Senate Majority Leader Mail fraud, RICO, and Travel Act [111]
Charles W. Walker, Sr. Georgia Senate majority leader Mail fraud [112]
Jack E. Walker Illinois state senator Mail fraud [113]
Dianne Wilkerson Massachusetts state senator Hobbs Act [114]
Francis H. Woodward Massachusetts state representative Mail and wire fraud and Travel Act [115]

See also edit

List of federal political scandals in the United States

References edit

  1. ^ 18 U.S.C. § 1951(a), (b)(2).
  2. ^ 18 U.S.C. §§ 1341, 1343, 1346.
  3. ^ 18 U.S.C. § 1952.
  4. ^ 18 U.S.C. § 1961(1).
  5. ^ 18 U.S.C. § 666.
  6. ^ a b Peter W. Schroth, Corruption and Accountability of the Civil Service in the United States, 42 Am. J. Comp. L. 554 (2006).
  7. ^ Gov. Blagojevich has filed a notice of appeal. Blagojevich Appeals Conviction, 14-year Sentence, CNN, Dec. 21, 2011.
  8. ^ United States v. Blanton, 719 F.2d 815 (6th Cir. 1983) (en banc).
  9. ^ United States v. Edwards, 303 F.3d 606 (5th Cir. 2002). Edwards's § 2255 motion was denied. United States v. Edwards, 442 F.3d 258 (5th Cir. 2006).
  10. ^ United States v. Hall, 536 F.2d 313 (10th Cir. 1976).
  11. ^ The Seventh Circuit reversed Gov. Kerner's Travel Act convictions. United States v. Isaacs, 493 F.2d 1124 (7th Cir. 1974) (per curiam).
  12. ^ The Eighth Circuit reversed Langer's conviction. Langer v. United States, 76 F.2d 817 (8th Cir. 1935).
  13. ^ Leche v. United States, 118 F.2d 246 (5th Cir. 1941). President Truman pardoned Leche.
  14. ^ The Fourth Circuit rejected Gov. Moore's attempt to withdraw his guilty plea. United States v. Moore, 931 F.2d 245 (4th Cir. 1991).
  15. ^ Rowland pleaded guilty. John O'Neil & Avi Salzman, Ex-Governor of Connecticut Pleads Guilty to Corruption, N.Y. Times, Dec. 23, 2004.
  16. ^ Ryan v. United States, No. 10-3964, 2012 U.S. App. LEXIS 16255 (7th Cir. Aug. 6, 2012).
  17. ^ The Eleventh Circuit vacated some of Siegelman's mail fraud convictions in light of the Supreme Court's subsequent decision in Skilling v. United States, 130 S. Ct. 2896 (2010). United States v. Siegelman, 640 F.3d 1159 (11th Cir. 2011) (per curiam), cert. denied, 132 S. Ct. 2711 (2012).
  18. ^ Burkhardt pleaded guilty. Results of 3-Year Effort in New Jersey: 35 Public Officials Convicted, 25 Awaiting Trial, N.Y. Times, Jan. 10, 1973.
  19. ^ United States v. Dwyer, 855 F.2d 144 (3d Cir. 1988) (per curiam).
  20. ^ United States v. Dozier, 672 F.2d 531 (5th Cir. 1982).
  21. ^ United States v. Hyde, 448 F.2d 815 (5th Cir. 1971).
  22. ^ United States v. Grabiec, 563 F.2d 313 (7th Cir. 1977).
  23. ^ Kervick pleaded guilty. John Kervick, Convicted Jersey Aide, N.Y. Times, July 12, 1974.
  24. ^ Morales pleaded guilty. Steve Barnes, Prison for Ex Official, N.Y. Times, Nov. 1, 2003.
  25. ^ Phipps pleaded guilty. Ariel Hart, Ex-Commissioner Pleads Guilty, N.Y. Times, Nov. 11, 2003.
  26. ^ Preate pleaded guilty. United States v. Preate, 927 F. Supp. 163 (M.D. Pa. 1996).
  27. ^ Results of 3-Year Effort in New Jersey: 35 Public Officials Convicted, 25 Awaiting Trial, N.Y. Times, Jan. 10, 1973.
  28. ^ Silvester pleaded guilty. Treasurer's Downfall in Kickback Scheme Shakes Connecticut Political Establishment, N.Y. Times, Oct. 25, 1999.
  29. ^ United States v. Vigil, 523 F.3d 1258 (10th Cir. 2008).
  30. ^ Pub. Integrity Section, Criminal Division, U.S. Dep't of Justice, Report to Congress on the Activities and Operations of the Public Integrity Section for 2009, at 43.
  31. ^ United States v. Bagnariol, 665 F.2d 877 (9th Cir. 1981).
  32. ^ United States v. Bailey, 990 F.2d 119 (4th Cir. 1993).
  33. ^ United States v. Bankston, 182 F.3d 296 (5th Cir. 1999). The Supreme Court vacated the mail fraud convictions of Bankston's co-defendants on appeal (an offense with which Bankston was not charged). Goodson v. United States, 531 U.S. 987 (2000); Cleveland v. United States, 531 U.S. 12 (2000).
  34. ^ Black pleaded guilty. See United States v. Black, 490 F. Supp. 2d 630 (E.D.N.C. 2007).
  35. ^ United States v. Blandford, 33 F.3d 685 (6th Cir. 1994).
  36. ^ Woody Baird, Tenn. lawmaker pleads guilty to bribery, Associated Press, July 16, 2007.
  37. ^ Bromwell pleaded guilty. Dan Morse, Contrite Bromwell Sentenced to 7 Years, Wash. Post, Nov. 17, 2007.
  38. ^ Bronger pleaded guilty. Pub. Integrity Section, Criminal Division, U.S. Dep't of Justice, Report to Congress on the Activities and Operations of the Public Integrity Section for 1994, at 29.
  39. ^ United States v. Bryant, 655 F.3d 232 (3d Cir. 2011).
  40. ^ a b United States v. Burgin, 621 F.2d 1352 (6th Cir. 1980).
  41. ^ United States v. Hurst, 951 F.2d 1490 (6th Cir. 1991).
  42. ^ Following the jury's verdict of guilty, the trial judge granted Capuzi's motion for an acquittal. United States v. Craig, 573 F.2d 455 (7th Cir. 1977).
  43. ^ The Ninth Circuit reversed Carpenter's convictions in light of the Supreme Court's subsequent decision in McCormick v. United States, 500 U.S. 257 (1991). United States v. Carpenter, 961 F.2d 824 (9th Cir. 1992). Carpenter was convicted of mail fraud in his second trial in 1993. Greg Lucas, Paul Carpenter – former state senator jailed for corruption, S.F. Chron., Jan. 25, 2002.
  44. ^ Carpentier pleaded guilty. United States v. Craig, 573 F.2d 455 (7th Cir. 1977).
  45. ^ Celona pleaded guilty. Pub. Integrity Section, Criminal Division, U.S. Dep't of Justice, Report to Congress on the Activities and Operations of the Public Integrity Section for 2008, at 43.
  46. ^ Henry J. Cianfrani, 79, Fixture In South Philadelphia Politics, N.Y. Times, July 4, 2002.
  47. ^ The Third Circuit vacated Coniglio's mail fraud conviction in light of the Supreme Court's subsequent decision in Skilling v. United States, 130 S. Ct. 2896 (2010). United States v. Coniglio, 417 F. App'x 146 (3d Cir. 2011).
  48. ^ United States v. Craig, 573 F.2d 455 (7th Cir. 1977).
  49. ^ United States v. Craig, 573 F.2d 455 (7th Cir. 1977). Craig's petition for coram nobis in light of the Supreme Court's subsequent decision in McNally v. United States, 483 U.S. 350 (1987), was denied. United States v. Craig, 907 F.2d 653 (7th Cir. 1990).
  50. ^ Crowdery pleaded guilty. Pub. Integrity Section, Criminal Division, U.S. Dep't of Justice, Report to Congress on the Activities and Operations of the Public Integrity Section for 2009, at 42.
  51. ^ Crupper pleaded guilty.Pub. Integrity Section, Criminal Division, U.S. Dep't of Justice, Report to Congress on the Activities and Operations of the Public Integrity Section for 1993, at 26–27.
  52. ^ Crutchfield pleaded guilty. Woody Baird, Tenn. lawmaker pleads guilty to bribery, USA Today, July 12, 2007.
  53. ^ United States v. D'Arco, No. 90 CR 1043, 1992 WL 121603 (N.D. Ill. May 18, 1992).
  54. ^ United States v. Davis, 967 F.2d 516 (11th Cir. 1992).
  55. ^ Decker pleaded guilty. Don Carrington, Decker Pleads Guilty to Conspiracy, Carolina J., Aug. 2, 2006.
  56. ^ United States v. Derrick, 778 F. Supp. 260 (D.S.C. 1991). Derrick's first conviction was reversed in light of the Supreme Court's subsequent decision in McCormick v. United States, 500 U.S. 257 (1991). United States v. Derrick, 16 F.3d 412 (4th Cir. 1994). The next indictment against Derrick was dismissed with prejudice by the district court due to prosecutorial misconduct. United States v. Taylor, 956 F. Supp. 622 (D.S.C. 1997). The Fourth Circuit reversed and reinstated the indictment. United States v. Derrick, 163 F.3d 799 (4th Cir. 1998). At his second trial, Derrick was convicted again. Pub. Integrity Section, Criminal Division, U.S. Dep't of Justice, Report to Congress on the Activities and Operations of the Public Integrity Section for 1999, at 32.
  57. ^ a b United States v. DiCarlo, 565 F.2d 802 (1st Cir. 1977).
  58. ^ United States v. DiMasi, 817 F. Supp. 2d 9 (D. Mass. 2011). DiMasi's appeal to the First Circuit is pending.
  59. ^ John Branston, Roscoe Dixon Guilty on All Counts, Memphis Flyer, June 9, 2006.
  60. ^ Fant pleaded guilty. See United States v. Taylor, 956 F. Supp. 622 (D.S.C. 1997).
  61. ^ United States v. Ferguson, No. 92-5571, No. 92-5587, 1993 U.S. App. LEXIS 22373 (4th Cir. Sept. 1, 1993) (per curiam).
  62. ^ The Second Circuit reversed Foley's conviction. United States v. Foley, 73 F.3d 484 (2d Cir. 1996), abrogated in part by Salinas v. United States, 522 U.S. 52 (1997).
  63. ^ United States v. Ford, 344 F. App'x 167 (6th Cir. 2009) (per curiam). The Sixth Circuit vacated Ford's wire fraud conviction in light of the Supreme Court's subsequent decision in Skilling v. United States, 130 S. Ct. 2896 (2010). United States v. Ford, 639 F.3d 718 (6th Cir. 2011).
  64. ^ "Former Rhode Island House Speaker and Providence Licensing Board Vice Chairman Gordon Fox to Plead Guilty in Federal Court to Wire Fraud, Bribery, and Tax Evasion". FBI. Retrieved March 6, 2015.
  65. ^ After a jury convicted Fumo of mail fraud in 1980, the trial judge entered a judgment of acquittal due to a defect in the indictment. The Third Circuit affirmed on appeal. United States v. Camiel, 689 F.2d 31 (3d Cir. 1982). Fumo was again convicted of mail and wire fraud in 2009. United States v. Fumo, 639 F. Supp. 2d 544 (E.D. Pa. 2009), aff'd in relevant part, 655 F.3d 288 (3d Cir. 2011).
  66. ^ Garrett pleaded guilty. Pub. Integrity Section, Criminal Division, U.S. Dep't of Justice, Report to Congress on the Activities and Operations of the Public Integrity Section for 1993, at 27.
  67. ^ Torsten Ove, Gigliotti Gets Stiff Sentence, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, June 22, 2000.
  68. ^ The Supreme Court rejected Gillock's claim of a legislative act privilege for state legislators. United States v. Gillock, 445 U.S. 360 (1980). The Sixth Circuit reversed two of Gillock's mail and wire fraud convictions. United States v. Bibby, 752 F.2d 1116 (6th Cir. 1985).
  69. ^ Gonzalez pleaded guilty. United States v. Gonzalez, 647 F.3d 41 (2d Cir. 2011).
  70. ^ United States v. Fant, 776 F. Supp. 257 (D.S.C. 1991). The Fourth Circuit reversed Gordon's convictions in light of the Supreme Court's subsequent decision in McCormick v. United States, 500 U.S. 257 (1991). Gordon was reindicted, but the court dismissed the indictment with prejudice due to prosecutorial misconduct. United States v. Taylor, 956 F. Supp. 622 (D.S.C. 1997). The Fourth Circuit reversed, but Gordon died during the pendency of the government's appeal. United States v. Derrick, 163 F.3d 799 (4th Cir. 1998).
  71. ^ After an inconclusive first trial, Griffin pleaded guilty. United States v. Griffin, 154 F.3d 762 (8th Cir. 1998). President Clinton commuted Griffin's sentence in 2001.
  72. ^ Anita Kumar, Former Va. Delegate Found Guilty of Bribery, Extortion, Wash. Post, May 12, 2011.
  73. ^ United States v. Hill, Nos. 94-10498, 94-10500, 1995 WL 699835 (9th Cir. Nov. 27, 1995).
  74. ^ United States v. Homer, 545 F.2d 864 (3d Cir. 1976) (per curiam).
  75. ^ United States v. Johnson, No. 99-3259, 2000 WL 1290317 (6th Cir. Sept. 5, 2000).
  76. ^ United States v. Kelly, 722 F.2d 873 (1st Cir. 1983).
  77. ^ Kohn pleaded guilty. See United States v. Taylor, 956 F. Supp. 622 (D.S.C. 1997).
  78. ^ The Ninth Circuit vacated Kohring's convictions for procedural reasons and remanded for a new trial. United States v. Kohring, 637 F.3d 895 (9th Cir. 2011). Kohring proceeded to plead guilty in exchange for a sentence of time served. Prosecutors Outline Kott, Kohring Plea Agreements, Associated Press, Oct. 19, 2011.
  79. ^ United States v. Kott, 625 F. Supp. 2d 854 (D. Alaska 2007). The Ninth Circuit vacated Kott's convictions for procedural reasons and remanded for a new trial. United States v. Kott, 423 F. App'x 736 (9th Cir. 2011). Kott proceeded to plead guilty in exchange for a sentence of time served. Prosecutors Outline Kott, Kohring Plea Agreements, Associated Press, Oct. 19, 2011.
  80. ^ Kruger pleaded guilty. Benjamin Weiser, Former State Senator Is Sentenced to 7 Years in Vast Bribery Case, N.Y. Times, Apr. 26, 2012.
  81. ^ Layman pleaded guilty. Pub. Integrity Section, Criminal Division, U.S. Dep't of Justice, Report to Congress on the Activities and Operations of the Public Integrity Section for 1994, at 29.
  82. ^ The Fourth Circuit reversed Long's conviction due to the admission of inadmissible evidence. United States v. Long, 19 F.3d 1430 (4th Cir. 1994). Taylor was reindicted, but the court dismissed the indictment with prejudice due to prosecutorial misconduct. United States v. Taylor, 956 F. Supp. 622 (D.S.C. 1997). The Fourth Circuit reversed and reinstated the indictment. United States v. Derrick, 163 F.3d 799 (4th Cir. 1998). Long then pleaded guilty to a lesser charge only. Ex-Sen. Long, Lost Trust Figure, Dies, The Post and Courier, Apr. 28, 2003.
  83. ^ Lynch pleaded guilty. David Kocieniewski, Guilty Plea Expected From Former Senate Leader in Trenton, N.Y. Times, Sept. 15, 2006.
  84. ^ Martineau pleaded guilty. Pub. Integrity Section, Criminal Division, U.S. Dep't of Justice, Report to Congress on the Activities and Operations of the Public Integrity Section for 2008, at 43–44.
  85. ^ Masek pleaded guilty. Pub. Integrity Section, Criminal Division, U.S. Dep't of Justice, Report to Congress on the Activities and Operations of the Public Integrity Section for 2009, at 43.
  86. ^ United States v. Mazzei, 521 F.2d 639 (3d Cir. 1975).
  87. ^ McBee pleaded guilty. Pub. Integrity Section, Criminal Division, U.S. Dep't of Justice, Report to Congress on the Activities and Operations of the Public Integrity Section for 1994, at 30.
  88. ^ United States v. McClain, No. 09-12668 (11th Cir. May 26, 2010).
  89. ^ The Ninth Circuit reversed Montoya's Hobbs Act conviction in light of the Supreme Court's subsequent decision in McCormick v. United States, 500 U.S. 257 (1991). United States v. Montoya, 945 F.2d 1068 (9th Cir. 1991).
  90. ^ Morgan has filed a post-trial motion. Tim Talley, Ex-Okla. Senator Seeks New Trial on Bribery Charge, Associated Press, July 24, 2012.
  91. ^ Lawmaker to Plead Guilty, N.Y. Times, Aug. 30, 2005.
  92. ^ Newton pleaded guilty. Newton v. United States, 226 F. App'x 80 (2d Cir. 2007).
  93. ^ Nolan pleaded guilty. Cynthia H. Craft, Defiant Pat Nolan Vows They Won't 'Shut Me Up', L.A. Times, Feb. 25, 1994.
  94. ^ United States v. Craig, 573 F.2d 455 (7th Cir. 1977). A district court granted North's petition for coram nobis in light of the Supreme Court's subsequent decision in McNally v. United States, 483 U.S. 350 (1987). Craig v. United States, 703 F. Supp. 730 (N.D. Ill. 1989). The Seventh Circuit reversed. United States v. Craig, 907 F.2d 653 (7th Cir. 1990).
  95. ^ Pearman pleaded guilty. Mark R. Chelgren, Pearman Pleads Guilty to Taking Cash from Unidentified Humana Lobbyist, Daily News, Dec. 5, 1993.
  96. ^ The Second Circuit reversed some of Pisani's mail fraud convictions. United States v. Pisani, 773 F.2d 397 (2d Cir. 1985).
  97. ^ United States v. Rabbitt, 583 F.2d 1014 (8th Cir. 1978).
  98. ^ Robbins pleaded guilty. Robbins Expected to Begin Prison Term Next Week, L.A. Times, June 9, 1992.
  99. ^ United States v. Rogers, 118 F.3d 466 (6th Cir. 1997).
  100. ^ Rogers pleaded guilty. United States v. Rogers, No. 92-5064, 1992 U.S. App. LEXIS 24913 (4th Cir. Sept. 29, 1992).
  101. ^ Russo pleaded guilty. Pub. Integrity Section, Criminal Division, U.S. Dep't of Justice, Report to Congress on the Activities and Operations of the Public Integrity Section for 1996, at 26–27.
  102. ^ United States v. Santoni, 585 F.2d 667 (4th Cir. 1978).
  103. ^ Seminerio pleaded guilty. United States v. Seminerio, 680 F. Supp. 2d 523 (S.D.N.Y. 2010).
  104. ^ Sexton pleaded guilty. Mark R. Chellgren, Sexton Says He Took Cash from Lobbyist, Daily News, Feb. 17, 1994.
  105. ^ The Eleventh Circuit vacated Schmitz's program bribery conviction, but affirmed Schmitz's mail fraud conviction. United States v. Schmitz, 634 F.3d 1247 (11th Cir. 2011).
  106. ^ Spicer pleaded guilty. Samuel Rubenfeld, Alabama Lawmaker, Businessman, Lobbyist Sentenced in Bingo Corruption Scandal, WSJ Corruption Currents, July 17, 2012, 8:39 am.
  107. ^ Chellgren pleaded guilty. Mark Chellgren, Lawmakers Plead Guilty, Ky. New Era, Nov. 9, 1993.
  108. ^ The Fourth Circuit reversed Taylor's convictions in light of the Supreme Court's subsequent decision in McCormick v. United States, 500 U.S. 257 (1991). United States v. Taylor, 966 F.2d 830 (4th Cir.1992), opinion supplemented, 993 F.2d 382 (4th Cir. 1993). Taylor was reindicted, but the court dismissed the indictment with prejudice due to prosecutorial misconduct. United States v. Taylor, 956 F. Supp. 622 (D.S.C. 1997). The Fourth Circuit reversed, but Taylor died during the pendency of the government's appeal. United States v. Derrick, 163 F.3d 799 (4th Cir. 1998).
  109. ^ Tonkovich pleaded guilty. See United States v. Torcasio, 959 F.2d 503 (4th Cir. 1992).
  110. ^ United States v. Van Pelt, 448 F. App'x 301 (3d Cir. 2011).
  111. ^ United States v. Bagnariol, 665 F.2d 877 (9th Cir. 1981). The Ninth Circuit granted Walgren's petition for coram nobis, and vacated his mail fraud and RICO convictions, in light of the Supreme Court's subsequent decision in McNally v. United States, 483 U.S. 350 (1987). United States v. Walgren, 885 F.2d 1417 (9th Cir. 1989)
  112. ^ United States v. Walker, 490 F.3d 1282 (11th Cir. 2007).
  113. ^ United States v. Craig, 573 F.2d 455 (7th Cir. 1977). A district court granted Walker's estate's petition for coram nobis in light of the Supreme Court's subsequent decision in McNally v. United States, 483 U.S. 350 (1987). Craig v. United States, 703 F. Supp. 730 (N.D. Ill. 1989). The Seventh Circuit dismissed for want of jurisdiction. United States v. Craig, 907 F.2d 653 (7th Cir. 1990).
  114. ^ Wilkerson pleaded guilty. Travis Andersen & Jonathan Saltzman, Wilkerson Guilty of Attempted Extortion; Prosecutors Recommend up to 4 &ears Boston Globe, June 3, 2010.
  115. ^ United States v. Woodward, 149 F.3d 46 (1st Cir. 1998).
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