List of World Heritage Sites in the Caribbean

This is a list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in the Caribbean.

Legend edit

Site; as per officially inscribed name[1]
Location; at city, regional, or provincial level and geocoordinates
Criteria; as defined by the World Heritage Committee[2]
Area; in hectares and acres. If available, the size of the buffer zone has been noted as well. A value of zero implies that no data has been published by UNESCO
Year; during which the site was inscribed to the World Heritage List
Description; brief information about the site, including reasons for qualifying as an endangered site, if applicable

World Heritage Sites edit

  † In danger
  * Trans-border site
Site Image Location Criteria Area
ha (acre)
Year Description Refs
Alejandro de Humboldt National Park   CubaHolguín and Guantánamo,
  Cuba
20°27′N 75°0′W / 20.450°N 75.000°W / 20.450; -75.000 (Alejandro de Humboldt National Park)
Natural:
(ix), (x)
69,341 (171,350); buffer zone 34,330 (84,800) 2001 The park exhibits a wide array of geology types. It contains many biological species, including 16 of Cuba's 28 endemic plant species, as well as animal species such as the endangered Cuban solenodon. [3]
[4]
Antigua Naval Dockyard and Related Archaeological Sites   AntiguaEnglish Harbour, Antigua,
  Antigua & Barbuda
17°00′30″N 61°45′52″W / 17.00833°N 61.76444°W / 17.00833; -61.76444 (Antigua Naval Dockyard and Related Archaeological Sites)
Cultural:
(ii), (iv)
255 (630); buffer zone 3,873 (9,570) 2016 The site consists of a group of Georgian-style naval buildings and structures, set within a walled enclosure. The natural environment of this side of the island of Antigua, with its deep, narrow bays surrounded by highlands, offered shelter from hurricanes and was ideal for repairing ships. The construction of the Dockyard by the British navy would not have been possible without the labour of generations of enslaved Africans since the end of the 18th century. Its aim was to protect the interests of sugar cane planters at a time when European powers were competing for control of the Eastern Caribbean. [5]
Archaeological Landscape of the First Coffee Plantations in the South-East of Cuba   CubaSantiago de Cuba and Guantánamo,
  Cuba
20°00′21″N 75°37′4″W / 20.00583°N 75.61778°W / 20.00583; -75.61778 (Archaeological Landscape of the First Coffee Plantations in the South-East of Cuba)
Cultural:
(iii), (iv)
81,475 (201,330) 2000 During the 19th and early 20th centuries, eastern Cuba was primarily involved with coffea cultivation. The remnants of the plantations display the techniques used in the difficult terrain, as well as the economic and social significance of the plantation system in Cuba and the Caribbean. [5]
Blue and John Crow Mountains   Jamaica  Jamaica
18°04′39″N 76°34′16″W / 18.077500°N 76.571111°W / 18.077500; -76.571111 (Blue and John Crow Mountains)
Mixed:
(iii), (vi), (x)
26,252 (64,870); buffer zone 28,494 (70,410) 2015 The park covers roughly about 4.5% of Jamaica. [6]
Brimstone Hill Fortress National Park   Saint Kitts and NevisSaint Kitts,
  Saint Kitts and Nevis
17°20′49″N 62°50′14″W / 17.34694°N 62.83722°W / 17.34694; -62.83722 (Brimstone Hill Fortress National Park)
Cultural:
(iii), (iv)
1999 Built during the 17th and 18th centuries by African slaves in a period of European colonial expansion, the fortress is an exceptionally well preserved example of British military architecture in the Caribbean. [7]
Colonial City of Santo Domingo   Dominican RepublicDistrito Nacional,
  Dominican Republic
18°29′0″N 69°55′0″W / 18.48333°N 69.91667°W / 18.48333; -69.91667 (Colonial City of Santo Domingo)
Cultural:
(ii), (iv), (vi)
93 (230) 1990 Santo Domingo was founded in 1498 shortly after the arrival of Christopher Columbus on the island and had the first cathedral, hospital, customs house and university built in the New World. Its grid patterned town plan became the model for other colonial towns in the Americas. [8]
Desembarco del Granma National Park   CubaGranma,
  Cuba
19°53′N 77°38′W / 19.883°N 77.633°W / 19.883; -77.633 (Desembarco del Granma National Park)
Natural:
(vii), (viii)
32,576 (80,500) 1999 The park features a unique karst topography with features such as terraces, cliffs, and waterfalls. [9]
[10]
Historic Area of Willemstad, Inner City and Harbour, Curaçao   NetherlandsWillemstad,
  Curaçao,
  Netherlands
12°6′7″N 68°54′8″W / 12.10194°N 68.90222°W / 12.10194; -68.90222 (Historic Area of Willemstad, Inner City and Harbour, Curaçao)
Cultural:
(ii), (iv), (v)
86 (210); buffer zone 87 (210) 1997 The architecture of the 17th-century Dutch trading settlement Willemstad combines styles from the Netherlands with Spanish and Portuguese colonial towns. [11]
Historic Bridgetown and its Garrison   BarbadosBridgetown
  Barbados
13°5′48″N 59°36′50″W / 13.09667°N 59.61389°W / 13.09667; -59.61389 (Historic Bridgetown and its Garrison)
Cultural:
(ii), (iii), (iv)
187 (460); buffer zone 321 (790) 2011 Bridgetown is an excellent example of a British colonial settlement built from the 17th to 19th century. Unlike Dutch and Spanish settlements of the area, the town is not laid out on a grid plan but follows a serpentine urban design. [12]
Historic Centre of Camagüey   CubaCamagüey,
  Cuba
21°22′43″N 77°55′7″W / 21.37861°N 77.91861°W / 21.37861; -77.91861 (Historic Centre of Camagüey)
Cultural:
(iv), (v)
54 (130); buffer zone 276 (680) 2008 Camagüey is among the first seven villages founded by the Spanish in Cuba, first settled in 1528. The irregular organization of the city is distinct from the typical, orderly construction of most other Spanish settlements. This maze-like style was influenced by medieval European ideas and traditional construction methods of early immigrant masons and construction workers. [13]
La Fortaleza and San Juan National Historic Site in Puerto Rico   Puerto RicoSan Juan
  Puerto Rico,   United States
18°28′0″N 66°7′30″W / 18.46667°N 66.12500°W / 18.46667; -66.12500 (Old San Juan)
Cultural:
(vi)
33 (82) 1983 A series of defensive structures built between the 16th and 20th centuries at a strategic point in the Caribbean Sea to protect the city and the Bay of San Juan. They represent a fine display of European military architecture adapted to harbour sites on the American continent. [14]
Morne Trois Pitons National Park   Dominicasouth central part of the island,
  Dominica
15°16′N 61°17′W / 15.267°N 61.283°W / 15.267; -61.283 (Morne Trois Pitons National Park)
Natural:
(viii), (x)
6,857 (16,940) 1997 [15]
National History ParkCitadel, Sans Souci, Ramiers   HaitiNord,
  Haiti
19°34′25″N 72°14′39″W / 19.57361°N 72.24417°W / 19.57361; -72.24417 (National History Park – Citadel, Sans Souci, Ramiers)
Cultural:
(iv), (vi)
1982 Sans-Souci Palace was the royal residence constructed by King Henri I. It was the most important of nine palaces built by the king, along with fifteen châteaux, numerous forts, and sprawling summer homes on his twenty plantations.[16] The Citadelle Laferrière is a large mountaintop fortress in northern Haiti, and is the largest fortress in the Americas. The mountaintop fortress has itself become a national icon of Haiti, featured on currency, stamps, and tourist ministry posters.[17] The Buildings of Ramiers were among the first monuments constructed after the Haitian Revolution.[18] [19]
Old Havana and its Fortifications   CubaLa Habana,
  Cuba
23°8′0″N 82°21′0″W / 23.13333°N 82.35000°W / 23.13333; -82.35000 (Old Havana and its Fortifications)
Cultural:
(iv), (v)
143 (350) 1982 Havana was founded in 1519 by Spanish colonists, growing to become one of the Caribbean's primary shipbuilding centers by the 17th century. The old city was built in the Baroque and Neoclassical styles. Historical landmarks in Old Havana include La Cabaña, the Cathedral of Havana and the Great Theatre of Havana. [20]
Pitons Management Area   Saint Lucianear Soufrière,
  Saint Lucia
13°48′26″N 61°4′13″W / 13.80722°N 61.07028°W / 13.80722; -61.07028 (Pitons Management Area)
Natural:
(vii), (viii)
2,909 (7,190) 2004 [21]
San Pedro de la Roca Castle, Santiago de Cuba   CubaSantiago de Cuba Province,
  Cuba
19°58′0″N 75°52′15″W / 19.96667°N 75.87083°W / 19.96667; -75.87083 (San Pedro de la Roca Castle, Santiago de Cuba)
Cultural:
(iv), (v)
1997 The large fort was built to defend the important port of Santiago de Cuba. The design of the fortification was based on Italian and Renaissance architecture. The complex of magazines, bastions, and batteries is one of the most complete and well-preserved Spanish-American defense fortifications. [22]
Trinidad and the Valley de los Ingenios   CubaSancti Spíritus Province,
  Cuba
21°48′11″N 79°59′4″W / 21.80306°N 79.98444°W / 21.80306; -79.98444 (Trinidad and the Valley de los Ingenios)
Cultural:
(iv), (v)
1988 The city of Trinidad was founded in the early 16th century. In 1518, Hernán Cortés began his expedition to conquer Mexico from the port at Trinidad. The city prospered throughout the colonial period in large part due to the success of the local sugar industry. The adjacent Valley de los Ingenios was the origin of the Cuban sugar industry, which emerged in the 18th century. It is home to numerous cane sugar mills, as well as cattle ranches and tobacco plantations. [23]
Urban Historic Centre of Cienfuegos   CubaCienfuegos,
  Cuba
22°8′50″N 80°27′10″W / 22.14722°N 80.45278°W / 22.14722; -80.45278 (Urban Historic Centre of Cienfuegos)
Cultural:
(ii), (v)
2005 Cienfuegos was founded in 1819 as a Spanish colony, though its first inhabitants were French immigrants. It became a trade center in the sugar cane, tobacco, and coffee trade because of its location on the Bay of Cienfuegos. Because of its establishment in the later colonial period, the architecture has more modern influences: including modern ideas of urban planning. [24]
Viñales Valley   CubaPinar del Río Province,
  Cuba
22°37′N 83°43′W / 22.617°N 83.717°W / 22.617; -83.717 (Viñales Valley)
Cultural:
(iv)
1999 The village of Viñales was founded in 1875 after the expansion of tobacco cultivation in the surrounding valley. The Valley features a karst topography, vernacular architecture, and traditional cultivation methods. The Valley was also the site of various military engagements in the Cuban War of Independence and Cuban Revolution. [25]
[26]
Volcanoes and Forests of Mount Pelée and the Pitons of Northern Martinique   FranceSaint-Pierre,
  Martinique,
  France
14°49′23.39″N 61°10′33.1″W / 14.8231639°N 61.175861°W / 14.8231639; -61.175861 (Volcanoes and Forests of Mount Pelée and the Pitons of Northern Martinique)
Cultural:
(viii), (x)
13,980 (34,500); buffer zone 28,826 (71,230) 2023 Volcanic area of global significance to vulcanology, and home to a number of endemic species. [27]

Location of sites edit

Tentative list edit

In addition to sites inscribed on the World Heritage List, member states can maintain a list of tentative sites that they may consider for nomination. Nominations for the World Heritage List are only accepted if the site was previously listed on the tentative list.[28]

Ref No. Site Image Location Year listed UNESCO criteria Description
6070 Historic Lighthouses of The Bahamas     Bahamas 2015 iii (cultural) For over 150 years, British Imperial Lighthouse Service lights have been a constant in Bahamian maritime history. They are symbols of the unique heritage of maritime navigation. There are only a few of these hand-wound kerosene-burning lighthouses left in the world and they are found in the Bahamas.[29]
6071 The Inagua National Park   Inagua,   Bahamas 2015 vi, x (mixed) It is an important area for breeding, passage and wintering for numerous species of waterbirds and is one of the only Wetlands of International Importance in the Caribbean. It has the largest breeding colony of Caribbean flamingos.[30]
1993 The Scotland District of Barbados   Saint Andrew's Parish and Saint Joseph's Parish   Barbados 2005 not stated (natural) The Scotland District of Barbados has base of sedimentary rocks and is the only place in the Caribbean that a submarine mountain range lies above water. This sparsely populated region holds interesting rock formations created by tectonic movement and erosion.[31]
5942 The Industrial Heritage of Barbados: The Story of Sugar and Rum     Barbados 2014 ii, iii, vi (cultural) Sugarcane landscapes are an outstanding example of a cultural landscape shaped by Europeans and Africans in the Atlantic World. The site illustrates the impact of human settlement, slave labour and agricultural activities, and more specifically the production of Caribbean sugar and rum, from the mid-17th century on the natural landscape.[32]
1798 National Schools of Art, Cubanacán   Havana,   Cuba 2003 i, ii, iii, iv, v (cultural) The site is one of the most outstanding examples of contemporary Latin American architecture, with an acknowledged artistic value, reuniting testimonial values stemming from the historic moment in which it was built, when cement and concrete were scarce in Cuba.[33]
1801 Ciénaga de Zapata National Park   Matanzas,   Cuba 2003 vii, ix, x (natural) It is an extensive ecosystem made up of mangrove forests, keys, seagrass beds, coral reef barriers and deep reefs. The conservation status of coral reefs in the area is most remarkable.[34]
1802 Reef System in the Cuban Caribbean     Cuba 2003 vii, x (natural) The site is a series of marine protected areas with well-preserved underwater ecosystems stretching 800 km along the Caribbean coastline of Cuba.[35]
6020 Fort Shirley   Saint John Parish,   Dominica 2015 ii, iv (cultural) Fort Shirley was formerly a military outpost, a sterling example of its kind in the West Indies. It was the scene of a famous revolt of African slave soldiers in protest over their conditions there in 1802. Their action resulted in all slave soldiers in the British Empire being made free in 1807.[36]
6021 Morne Diablotin National Park   Saint Joseph Parish,   Dominica 2015 vii, x (natural) The site is home to two endemic bird species — Dominica's national bird, the sisserou parrot, and the Jaco red-necked parrot — which occur nowhere else on Earth. The Park also covers a wide range of habitats, including the globally rare elfin woodland ecosystem.[37]
6022 Soufriere-Scott's Head Marine Reserve   Saint Mark Parish,   Dominica 2015 vii, x (natural) The site is a vast submerged volcanic crater, with some of the most pristine marine environments in the Caribbean. The site also has significant cultural importance to the indigenous Carib people.[38]
1704 Jacagua, Villa of Santiago Santiago Province,   Dominican Republic 2001 not stated (cultural) A former Spanish-founded rural settlement that now represents the precursor to the modern city of Santiago. The site preserves the ruins of the former brick and masonry church.[39]
1705 Montecristi   Monte Cristi Province,   Dominican Republic 2001 not stated (cultural) Surrounded by a mountainous and maritime environment the city is notable for its wooden Victorian houses that date to its booming period during the 18th and 19th centuries.[40]
1707 Archaeological and Historical National Park of Pueblo Viejo, La Vega   La Vega Province,   Dominican Republic 2001 not stated (cultural) The site includes the Pueblo Viejo fortress and old town, founded in 1495 for Christopher Columbus, and the former gold mine and foundry that the fortress was built to protect.[41]
1708 Historical Centre of Puerto Plata   Puerto Plata Province,   Dominican Republic 2001 not stated (cultural) The architecture of the historic centre of Puerto Plata combines popular Victorian styles of the 19th-century with traditional vernacular styles creating a unique landscape that contrasts with the Spanish colonial history of the city.[42]
1709 City of Azúa de Compostela   Azua Province,   Dominican Republic 2001 not stated (cultural) Founded in 1504 by Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar, the original settlement of Azua de Compostela was one of the oldest European settlements in the Americas until its destruction in 1751 with its ruins preserved as a historical park.[43]
1714-1715 Ruta de los Ingenios Distrito Nacional and La Altagracia Province,   Dominican Republic 2002 ii, iv, v (cultural) Ruta de los Ingenios (Route of Sugarmills) consists of two sugarcane plantations and mills: Nuestra Señora de Monte Alegre (La Duquesa) and the Sanate Sugar Mills.[44][45]
6289 Archaeological Site of Villa La Isabela   Puerto Plata Province,   Dominican Republic 2018 ii, v (cultural) Founded by Christopher Columbus in 1493 during his second voyage to the Americas, La Isabela was the first settlement to be founded by a European power in the New World. The archaeological site preserves the foundation of some of the first European houses, a watchtower, a warehouse, the church and a cemetery.[46]
6290 Jaragua National Park   Pedernales Province,   Dominican Republic 2018 i, iii, vii, ix, x (mixed) The largest protected area in the Caribbean contains Taino archaeological sites in addition to dry forests, mangroves, marine habitats and the Baoruco Mountain Range.[47]
6291 First Colonial Sugar Mills of the Americas San Cristóbal and Santo Domingo Provinces,   Dominican Republic 2018 ii, iv (cultural) The site consists of four archaeological sites dating to the 16th-century containing the remnants of the oldest sugarcane mills in the Americas.[48]
6292 Cotubanamá National Park   La Altagracia and La Romana Provinces,   Dominican Republic 2018 i, ii, iii (cultural) The archeological heritage of Cotubanamá represents some of the best-preserved evidence to the Taino culture evident in its petroglyphs and ceremonial ball courts (bateyes), in addition to evidence of one of the first contacts between Europeans and indigenous cultures of the Americas.[49]
6293 La Plata and Navidad Banks Marine Mammal Sanctuary     Dominican Republic 2018 iii, ix, x (mixed) Protected marine area that includes La Plata, Navidad and Pañuelo banks in addition to portions of the Samaná Bay. The area is historically notable for the number of well-preserved colonial era shipwrecks and biologically important for its unusually high diversity of cetacean species.[50]
6294 Pre-Hispanic Rock Art in the Dominican Republic   Hato Mayor, La Altagracia, Pedernales and San Cristóbal Provinces,   Dominican Republic 2018 i, iii (cultural) Prehistoric rock art consisting of paintings, petroglyphs and bas-reliefs found in five caves across the country in the Cotubanamá (formerly Del Este), Jaragua and Los Haitises National Parks, and the Pomier Caves Reserve.[51]
1924 St. George Historic District   Saint George Parish,   Grenada 2004 ii (cultural) The historic district of St. George is notable for the contrast between the blend of the planned section of the town with its distinctive Georgian architecture and the unplanned section with a distinctive Caribbean vernacular style.[52]
1926 St. George Fortified System   Saint George Parish,   Grenada 2004 ii, iv (cultural) The fortified system of St. George was established to take advantage over the geography of the amphitheater-shaped bay.[53]
5845 Grenadines Island Group     Grenada and   Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2013 iii, iv, v, viii, x (mixed) The Grenadines islands consist of 32 islands spanning the Windward Islands between Saint Vincent and Grenada. The site represents the encounter of numerous cultures (indigenous Carib, Garifuna, African, European and South Asian) and rich insular and marine environments.[54]
1947 Historic Centre of Jacmel   Sud-Est Department,

  Haiti

2004 ii, iv (cultural) The colonial city of Jacmel was founded in 1698 over an ancient pre-Columbian village.[55]
5430 The Underwater City of Port Royal   Kingston Parish,   Jamaica 2009 iv, v, vi (cultural) The site contains the remnants of the pirate city of Port Royal, destroyed by earthquakes in 1692 and later in 1907, with most of it being now located underwater.[56]
5431 Seville Heritage Park   Saint Ann Parish,   Jamaica 2009 ii, iii, iv (cultural) One of Jamaica's most significant historical sites due to the presence of Taino, Spanish and British archaeological sites.[57]
5627 National Marine Park     Bonaire,

  Netherlands

2011 vii, ix (natural) Established in 1979, Bonaire National Marine Park is the oldest marine reserve in the world. The unique combination of species and high biodiversity make the Park's coral reefs and mangroves outstanding.[58]
5632 Plantations in West Curaçao     Curaçao,

  Netherlands

2011 ii, iv, v (cultural) The plantations of West Curaçao are a cultural landscape that uniquely reflect a distinctive variant of the Caribbean slave plantation society that evolved between the mid-17th and early 20th centuries.[59]
1116 Historic zone of Basseterre   Saint George Basseterre Parish,   Saint Kitts and Nevis 1998 not stated (cultural) Evidence of the French origins of the town can be seen in the urban grid of the historic downtown of Basseterre with clear influences from colonial French and British architecture.[60]
1117 City of Charlestown   Saint Paul Charlestown Parish,   Saint Kitts and Nevis 1998 not stated (cultural) The capital and main settlement of the island of Nevis is notable for its well-preserved colonial Georgian architecture.[61]
5749 Rock Art of St. Vincent and the Grenadines   Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2012 iii, v, vi (cultural) The site consists of thirteen well-preserved precolonial petroglyphs distributed throughout river valleys, a coastal peninsula and a rock shelter across the archipelago.[62]
5751 The La Soufrière National Park   Saint Vincent,   Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2012 iii, viii (mixed) This national park is home to the volcano of La Soufrière and its surrounding environment that contains both archaeological and geological resources that document the anthropological and eruptive history of the volcano.[63]
5644 Banwari Trace Archaeological Site Banwari Trace, Siparia, Siparia

  Trinidad and Tobago

2011 iii, v (cultural) The Banwari Trace deposit is to be found on the southern edge of the Oropuche Lagoon in southwest Trinidad, just west of the Coora River. The site occupies the top of a Miocene hillock, originally covered with deciduous seasonal forest, which rises above the swamp. All of the Archaic sites in the Lesser Antilles and Puerto Rico, including Banwari trace, belong to the Ortoiroid Series, which gets its name from the type site of Ortoire in Trinidad.[64]
5645 La Brea Pitch Lake   La Brea, Siparia

  Trinidad and Tobago

2011 vii, viii (natural) The Pitch Lake is found in southwest Trinidad in the village of La Brea. The lake measures approximately one hundred (100) acres (41 hectares), and is estimated to be two hundred and fifty (250) feet (76 metres) deep in the centre. It holds about ten million (10,000,000) tons of pitch. It is situated about twelve hundred (1200) yards from the sea, in a depression immediately south of a 140 feet high hill, from the summit of which the ground slopes gently northwards to the sea.[65]
5646 Tobago Main Ridge Forest Reserve   Mason Hall, Tobago

  Trinidad and Tobago

2011 v, vi, vii, ix, x (mixed) Tobago is the smaller, relatively northeasterly island of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, with a surface area of about 316 km2. The Main Ridge is literally the backbone of the island, Gutting lengthways across two thirds of Tobago's surface. It encompasses 3958 hectares (9780 acres) of tropical rainforest specifically lower montane, lowland and xerophytic rainforest - and reaches a height of 604 metres. The majority of the forest reserve is lower montane, and is found at heights above 244 metres.[66]
5682 Turks and Caicos Islands     Turks and Caicos Islands,

  United Kingdom

2012 x (natural) The extremely hot, dry conditions led to natural salt production in the interior wetlands of the islands, leading to one of the first and major international salt industries in the Americas. The smaller cays are important for breeding seabirds, and endemic reptiles, invertebrates and plants. The wetlands are globally important for shorebirds.

See also edit

References edit

General
  • "World Heritage Committee: 29th session" (PDF). UNESCO. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
  • "World Heritage Committee: 30th session" (PDF). UNESCO. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
  • "World Heritage Committee: 31st session" (PDF). UNESCO. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
  • "World Heritage Committee: 33rd session" (PDF). UNESCO. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
  • "World Heritage Committee: 34th session" (PDF). UNESCO. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
Notes
  1. ^ "World Heritage List". UNESCO. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
  2. ^ "The Criteria for Selection". UNESCO. Retrieved 10 September 2011.
  3. ^ "Alejandro de Humboldt National Park". UNESCO. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
  4. ^ "Solenodon cubanus". International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved November 12, 2010.
  5. ^ a b "Antigua Naval Dockyard and Related Archaeological Sites". UNESCO. Retrieved 28 April 2017.
  6. ^ "Blue and John Crow Mountains". UNESCO. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
  7. ^ "Brimstone Hill Fortress National Park". UNESCO. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
  8. ^ "Colonial City of Santo Domingo". UNESCO. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
  9. ^ "Desembarco del Granma National Park". UNESCO. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
  10. ^ "In Depth: Dear Granma". Bayamo Travel Guide. Frommers. Retrieved November 12, 2010.
  11. ^ "Historic Area of Willemstad, Inner City and Harbour, Curaçao". UNESCO. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
  12. ^ "Historic Bridgetown and its Garrison". UNESCO. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
  13. ^ "Historic Centre of Camagüey". UNESCO. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
  14. ^ "La Fortaleza and San Juan National Historic Site in Puerto Rico". UNESCO. Retrieved 28 July 2017.
  15. ^ "Morne Trois Pitons National Park". UNESCO. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
  16. ^ Cheesman, Clive (2007). The Armorial of Haiti: Symbols of Nobility in the Reign of Henri Christophe. London: The College of Arms.
  17. ^ "National History Park – Citadel, Sans Souci, Ramiers". UNESCO World Heritage. 1982. Retrieved 2007-08-16.
  18. ^ "National History Park". World Heritage Site. 1982. Archived from the original on 2014-09-16. Retrieved 2014-09-22.
  19. ^ "National History Park – Citadel, Sans Souci, Ramiers". UNESCO. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
  20. ^ "Old Havana and its Fortifications". UNESCO. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
  21. ^ "Pitons Management Area". UNESCO. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
  22. ^ "San Pedro de la Roca Castle, Santiago de Cuba". UNESCO. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
  23. ^ "Trinidad and the Valley de los Ingenios". UNESCO. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
  24. ^ "Urban Historic Centre of Cienfuegos". UNESCO. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
  25. ^ "Viñales Valley". UNESCO. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
  26. ^ "Viñales (Cuba)" (PDF). UNESCO. Retrieved October 22, 2010.
  27. ^ "Volcanoes and Forests of Mount Pelée and the Pitons of Northern Martinique". UNESCO. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
  28. ^ "Tentative Lists". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 7 October 2010.
  29. ^ "Historic Lighthouses of The Bahamas". whc.unesco.org. Retrieved 4 August 2021.
  30. ^ "The Inagua National Park". whc.unesco.org. Retrieved 6 August 2021.
  31. ^ "The Scotland District of Barbados". whc.unesco.org. Retrieved 6 August 2021.
  32. ^ "The Industrial Heritage of Barbados: The Story of Sugar and Rum". whc.unesco.org. Retrieved 6 August 2021.
  33. ^ "National Schools of Art, Cubanacán". whc.unesco.org. Retrieved 7 August 2021.
  34. ^ "Ciénaga de Zapata National Park". whc.unesco.org. Retrieved 6 August 2021.
  35. ^ "Reef System in the Cuban Caribbean". whc.unesco.org. Retrieved 6 August 2021.
  36. ^ "Fort Shirley". whc.unesco.org. Retrieved 7 August 2021.
  37. ^ "Morne Diablotin National Park". whc.unesco.org. Retrieved 7 August 2021.
  38. ^ "Soufriere-Scott's Head Marine Reserve". whc.unesco.org. Retrieved 7 August 2021.
  39. ^ Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "Jacagua, Villa of Santiago". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 2023-09-28.
  40. ^ Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "Montecristi". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 2023-09-28.
  41. ^ Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "Archaeological and Historical National Park of Pueblo Viejo, La Vega". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 2023-09-28.
  42. ^ Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "Historical Centre of Puerto Plata". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 2023-09-28.
  43. ^ Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "City of Azúa de Compostela". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 2023-09-28.
  44. ^ Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "Sanate Sugar Mill [Ruta de Los Ingenios]". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 2023-09-29.
  45. ^ Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "Nuestra Señora de Monte Alegre or la Duquesa Sugar Mill [Ruta de Los Ingenios]". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 2023-09-29.
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