Wikipedia

List of countries by greenhouse gas emissions per capita

This article is about the carbon dioxide equivalent per capita of all greenhouse gases combined. For only carbon dioxide per person, see List of countries by carbon dioxide emissions per capita.

This is a list of sovereign states and territories by per capita greenhouse gas emissions due to certain forms of human activity, based on the EDGAR database created by European Commission. The following table lists the 1970, 1990, 2005, 2017 and 2022 annual per capita GHG[n 1] emissions estimates (in metric tons of CO2 equivalent per year). The data include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) from all sources, including agriculture and land use change. They are measured in carbon dioxide-equivalents over a 100-year timescale.[n 2]

Per capita annual GHG emissions, including agriculture and land use change, measured in carbon dioxide-equivalents over a 100-year timescale.[1]
Worldwide CO2 Emissions in 2021, by region, per capita, growth. Visualization in a variwide diagram.
Carbon dioxide emissions per capita for the largest emitting countries[2]
Global map of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Greenhouse gas emissions, including agriculture and land use change, measured in carbon dioxide-equivalents over a 100-year timescale.[3]

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 6th assessment report finds that the “Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU)” sector on average, accounted for 13-21% of global total anthropogenic GHG emissions in the period 2010-2019.[4] Land use change drivers net AFOLU CO2 emission fluxes, with deforestation being responsible for 45% of total AFOLU emissions. In addition to being a net carbon sink and source of GHG emissions, land plays an important role in climate through albedo effects, evapotranspiration, and aerosol loading through emissions of volatile organic compounds.[4] The IPCC report finds that the LULUCF sector offers significant near-term mitigation potential while providing food, wood and other renewable resources as well as biodiversity conservation. Mitigation measures in forests and other natural ecosystems provide the largest share of the LULUCF mitigation potential between 2020 and 2050. Among various LULUCF activities, reducing deforestation has the largest potential to reduce anthropogenic GHG emissions, followed by carbon sequestration in agriculture and ecosystem restoration including afforestation and reforestation.[4] Land use change emissions can be negative.[n 3][6]

According to Science for Policy report in 2023 by the Joint Research Centre (JRC - the European Commission’s science and knowledge service) and International Energy Agency (IEA), global per-capita emissions in 2022 increased by 0.4% to reach 6.76 tCO2eq/cap, a value still 0.8% lower than in 2019, but have increased by about 8.3% from 6.24 tCO2eq/cap to 6.76 tCO2eq/cap between 1990 and 2022.[7]

The main advantage of measuring total national emissions per capita is that it does take population size into account. China has the largest CO2 and GHG emissions in the world, but also the largest population. For a fair comparison, emissions should be analyzed in terms of the amount of CO2 and GHG per capita.[8]

In 2022, China's GHG per capita emissions levels (10.95) are almost 60 percent those of the United States (17.90) and less than a sixth of those of Qatar (67.38 - the country with the highest emissions of GHG per capita in 2022).[9][7]

Measures of territorial-based emissions, also known as production-based emissions, do not account for emissions embedded in global trade, where emissions may be imported or exported in the form of traded goods, as it only reports emissions emitted within geographical boundaries. Accordingly, a proportion of the CO2 produced and reported in Asia and Africa is for the production of goods consumed in Europe and North America.[10]

According to the review of the scientific literature conducted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), carbon dioxide is the most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas by warming contribution.[11] Greenhouse gases (GHG) – primarily carbon dioxide but also others, including methane and chlorofluorocarbons – trap heat in the atmosphere, leading to global warming. Higher temperatures then act on the climate, with varying effects. For example, dry regions might become drier while, at the poles, the ice caps are melting, causing higher sea levels. In 2016, the global average temperature was already 1.1 °C above pre-industrial levels.[12]

GHG emissions edit

Main article: List of countries by greenhouse gas emissions

Per capita GHG emissions by country/territory edit

The data in the following table is extracted from EDGAR - Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research.[7]

Country/territory Per capita GHG emissions
(tCO2eq/cap/year)		 % of global average Change
(1990=100%)
1970 1990 2005 2017 2022 2022 2022
  Aruba 0.7649 3.4494 4.6250 4.4383 4.6419 66.55% 134.57%  
  Afghanistan 1.5582 1.1246 0.7256 0.8943 0.7320 10.49% 65.09%  
  Angola 2.9718 2.8721 3.7608 2.7494 1.9001 27.24% 66.16%  
  Anguilla 0.6647 1.0615 1.4256 2.3137 1.8733 26.86% 176.48%  
  Albania 3.8414 3.5253 2.6209 3.1675 2.7090 38.84% 76.84%  
  Netherlands Antilles 104.9792 19.4718 47.4995 25.9846 13.0574 187.19% 67.06%  
  United Arab Emirates 124.7347 45.5802 37.0405 28.8280 29.3321 420.51% 64.35%  
  Argentina 9.3109 8.0254 8.8089 8.5647 8.2695 118.55% 103.04%  
  Armenia 6.0791 6.8887 2.4921 2.9429 3.1895 45.73% 46.30%  
  Antigua and Barbuda 2.5408 3.6972 2.9719 3.2910 3.3629 48.21% 90.96%  
  Australia 24.5283 26.8298 28.4892 24.5828 21.9788 315.09% 81.92%  
  Austria 9.6439 10.5526 11.7376 9.8306 8.7001 124.73% 82.44%  
  Azerbaijan 8.9336 9.6382 5.4410 5.8799 6.7184 96.32% 69.71%  
  Burundi 0.6612 0.5649 0.5027 0.6649 0.5901 8.46% 104.47%  
  Belgium 17.6706 14.2711 13.8273 10.8661 9.7372 139.60% 68.23%  
  Benin 0.8650 0.8439 1.0974 1.4858 1.6184 23.20% 191.77%  
  Burkina Faso 1.2092 1.2806 1.5424 1.6306 1.6512 23.67% 128.94%  
  Bangladesh 2.0138 1.3176 1.2519 1.6287 1.6226 23.26% 123.15%  
  Bulgaria 10.7745 11.8745 8.6878 9.2194 9.9961 143.31% 84.18%  
  Bahrain 85.6662 60.9441 49.1842 42.2064 39.2904 563.28% 64.47%  
  Bahamas 9.3651 5.0322 3.4778 4.2369 4.5448 65.16% 90.32%  
  Bosnia and Herzegovina 4.3692 7.3464 6.1478 9.0032 8.4143 120.63% 114.54%  
  Belarus 9.1624 13.4610 8.4583 10.7095 10.6498 152.68% 79.12%  
  Belize 2.3998 2.6417 2.1218 2.4680 2.3590 33.82% 89.30%  
  Bermuda 3.1404 4.4821 3.2140 4.8578 5.8975 84.55% 131.58%  
  Bolivia 6.0884 4.5620 3.9963 5.1223 4.9244 70.60% 107.94%  
  Brazil 3.8317 4.6577 5.7109 6.2021 6.0493 86.72% 129.88%  
  Barbados 2.2795 3.2988 3.2382 2.9967 3.2221 46.19% 97.68%  
  Brunei 24.7537 31.6193 31.3981 31.8497 32.6639 468.28% 103.30%  
  Bhutan 2.4478 2.1605 2.8212 3.6890 3.6001 51.61% 166.64%  
  Botswana 4.9686 6.7738 5.4616 5.2938 5.0509 72.41% 74.57%  
  Central African Republic 0.9900 2.6613 2.4925 2.6455 2.6205 37.57% 98.47%  
  Canada 21.6364 21.0223 23.0802 21.1034 19.7900 283.72% 94.14%  
  Switzerland 8.2995 8.2164 7.6023 5.8065 5.1842 74.32% 63.10%  
  Chile 5.3883 4.5871 5.9173 7.1143 7.3135 104.85% 159.44%  
  China 2.5978 3.4744 6.3800 9.7268 10.9541 157.04% 315.28%  
  Ivory Coast 1.2741 0.9194 1.1062 1.2947 1.3156 18.86% 143.10%  
  Cameroon 1.2176 2.6689 1.8638 1.6933 1.5826 22.69% 59.30%  
  Democratic Republic of the Congo 0.6502 0.8255 0.5657 0.6919 0.6473 9.28% 78.41%  
  Republic of the Congo 1.8610 4.6982 5.5734 4.3262 4.3386 62.20% 92.35%  
  Cook Islands 1.2963 2.7866 5.0923 7.5248 6.9550 99.71% 249.59%  
  Colombia 3.9487 4.0589 3.8068 3.9454 4.2330 60.69% 104.29%  
  Comoros 1.0427 0.8335 0.8758 0.9548 1.0167 14.58% 121.98%  
  Cape Verde 0.9219 0.6713 1.8100 2.0283 2.2394 32.10% 333.61%  
  Costa Rica 3.2410 3.2315 2.9288 3.2729 3.2875 47.13% 101.73%  
  Cuba 5.3887 6.0051 4.0794 4.1406 3.8575 55.30% 64.24%  
  Cayman Islands 3.2873 4.9026 3.3316 4.7272 5.3052 76.06% 108.21%  
  Cyprus 4.7946 7.2374 8.9317 7.7969 8.6846 124.50% 120.00%  
  Czech Republic 22.0902 19.0696 14.7346 12.5717 11.7095 167.87% 61.40%  
  Germany 16.8270 15.6125 12.0448 10.8865 9.4925 136.09% 60.80%  
  Djibouti 6.2532 3.2060 2.5130 2.1185 2.1715 31.13% 67.73%  
  Dominica 0.5578 1.2292 1.8127 1.9009 1.9650 28.17% 159.87%  
  Denmark 16.3104 13.5102 12.4052 8.6925 7.8376 112.36% 58.01%  
  Dominican Republic 2.2721 2.5150 3.3456 3.7410 3.6964 52.99% 146.97%  
  Algeria 3.9244 5.6300 5.6578 6.4114 6.3798 91.46% 113.32%  
  Ecuador 2.3396 3.7687 4.1212 4.2246 4.3227 61.97% 114.70%  
  Egypt 1.7759 2.6653 3.6320 3.8814 3.5500 50.89% 133.19%  
  Eritrea 2.3034 1.5522 1.4521 1.2879 1.2241 17.55% 78.87%  
  Western Sahara 1.4039 1.1075 1.0425 0.8117 0.7834 11.23% 70.74%  
  Spain 5.6756 7.6392 10.3449 7.7118 7.0780 101.47% 92.65%  
  Estonia 14.8696 27.5315 16.7695 19.3335 10.6801 153.11% 38.79%  
  Ethiopia 1.9050 1.3773 1.2409 1.4879 1.6302 23.37% 118.37%  
  Finland 14.4428 17.1245 16.6292 12.1147 9.7570 139.88% 56.98%  
  Fiji 2.7714 3.0130 4.0117 3.1684 3.1863 45.68% 105.75%  
  Falkland Islands 1.8981 3.5436 4.2584 6.3754 8.3478 119.68% 235.57%  
  France 12.5433 9.3957 8.9243 7.2271 6.5026 93.22% 69.21%  
  Faroe Islands 1.1848 1.0171 1.0302 1.0278 1.0006 14.34% 98.38%  
  Gabon 11.5538 21.4146 18.7718 9.8226 8.3229 119.32% 38.87%  
  United Kingdom 15.8214 13.7490 11.3097 7.1129 6.2677 89.86% 45.59%  
  Georgia 6.2205 7.7858 2.5098 4.3578 4.6558 66.75% 59.80%  
  Ghana 0.8812 0.7738 0.8964 1.4052 1.6555 23.73% 213.95%  
  Gibraltar 2.8905 5.4795 13.3521 19.6035 19.6847 282.21% 359.24%  
  Guinea 1.2257 1.3079 1.4237 1.9822 2.0228 29.00% 154.66%  
  Guadeloupe 1.4378 2.4861 2.2556 2.6496 2.8126 40.32% 113.14%  
  Gambia 1.6359 1.0611 1.0594 1.0095 0.9656 13.84% 90.99%  
  Guinea-Bissau 1.1864 1.6433 1.5804 1.5761 1.5474 22.18% 94.17%  
  Equatorial Guinea 0.3753 0.4271 22.5438 13.0761 7.7116 110.55% 1,805.62%  
  Greece 5.2395 9.7101 11.4126 8.0485 6.8844 98.70% 70.90%  
  Grenada 0.6722 1.0501 1.2455 1.7137 1.7484 25.07% 166.50%  
  Greenland 1.1306 1.1731 12.1861 10.3195 9.4650 135.69% 806.85%  
  Guatemala 1.5921 1.5275 2.0925 2.3252 2.4233 34.74% 158.64%  
  French Guiana 2.5239 3.2088 1.7705 1.9732 1.8354 26.31% 57.20%  
  Guyana 7.2327 5.1785 5.9220 7.7026 9.7509 139.79% 188.30%  
  Hong Kong 3.1200 6.9141 7.0834 6.8568 5.1210 73.42% 74.07%  
  Honduras 2.2248 1.9480 2.2414 2.3164 2.3704 33.98% 121.69%  
  Croatia 6.5003 7.1325 6.8537 6.3346 5.9419 85.19% 83.31%  
  Haiti 1.3679 1.1163 1.2145 1.3523 1.2797 18.35% 114.64%  
  Hungary 8.8554 9.3259 7.9556 7.3498 6.9320 99.38% 74.33%  
  Indonesia 1.8974 2.3570 3.0625 3.8629 4.4727 64.12% 189.76%  
  India 1.4774 1.6510 1.9256 2.6808 2.7938 40.05% 169.22%  
  Ireland 13.5604 16.1354 17.8827 13.9912 12.5794 180.34% 77.96%  
  Iran 7.4667 5.9183 9.7066 11.5560 11.2022 160.60% 189.28%  
  Iraq 10.1392 9.7105 6.0666 8.6414 8.4128 120.61% 86.64%  
  Iceland 15.7941 17.3601 14.4635 13.7025 13.7018 196.43% 78.93%  
  Israel 18.3425 6.4673 7.2639 6.6248 6.0236 86.36% 93.14%  
  Italy 7.3900 8.9929 9.8698 7.1226 6.6978 96.02% 74.48%  
  Jamaica 5.0203 3.8320 4.5902 3.0867 2.6357 37.79% 68.78%  
  Jordan 2.1702 3.5224 4.4790 3.6789 3.3195 47.59% 94.24%  
  Japan 9.7420 10.6156 10.9292 10.2517 9.4097 134.90% 88.64%  
  Kazakhstan 19.7911 21.1327 15.6464 16.9688 17.3295 248.44% 82.00%  
  Kenya 2.2139 1.8235 1.6605 1.9326 2.1022 30.14% 115.28%  
  Kyrgyzstan 6.7548 7.7072 2.3732 3.3253 3.3967 48.70% 44.07%  
  Cambodia 3.7601 2.2583 2.1796 2.6546 2.9135 41.77% 129.01%  
  Kiribati 0.5319 0.4850 0.9841 0.9766 0.8732 12.52% 180.05%  
  Saint Kitts and Nevis 1.4580 1.6254 2.2917 2.6074 2.6430 37.89% 162.61%  
  South Korea 3.2078 7.6969 11.9593 14.6237 14.0059 200.79% 181.97%  
  Kuwait 98.2124 23.7512 51.5999 34.8389 37.9606 544.21% 159.83%  
  Laos 2.6855 1.9350 2.0396 4.9847 5.0097 71.82% 258.89%  
  Lebanon 3.0325 2.9818 5.2624 5.9721 5.4343 77.91% 182.25%  
  Liberia 1.1782 0.8537 0.8271 0.9236 0.9903 14.20% 116.00%  
  Libya 61.7055 19.5265 18.1573 13.3933 15.3179 219.60% 78.45%  
  Saint Lucia 0.8839 1.1842 1.4707 1.8922 2.3685 33.96% 200.02%  
  Sri Lanka 1.6428 1.3331 1.6561 1.9528 1.8301 26.24% 137.27%  
  Lesotho 1.9118 1.3759 1.4518 1.3681 1.2697 18.20% 92.28%  
  Lithuania 9.1018 12.6166 6.4817 7.9723 7.3716 105.68% 58.43%  
  Luxembourg 56.6723 33.1851 28.5517 17.3924 13.6925 196.30% 41.26%  
  Latvia 7.6070 10.2335 5.2142 6.0593 5.9751 85.66% 58.39%  
  Macau 1.4680 2.9391 4.7738 5.4069 3.5924 51.50% 122.23%  
  Morocco 1.5010 1.8188 2.4323 2.8642 3.0271 43.40% 166.44%  
  Moldova 5.8067 8.5807 2.6891 2.9301 3.0870 44.26% 35.98%  
  Madagascar 3.1905 2.1766 1.5362 1.3442 1.1989 17.19% 55.08%  
  Maldives 0.2726 0.6831 2.6507 4.7793 5.1361 73.63% 751.86%  
  Mexico 4.1894 5.4643 6.5268 6.2149 5.9902 85.88% 109.62%  
  North Macedonia 7.1522 7.2480 6.0378 5.1853 5.3537 76.75% 73.86%  
  Mali 2.0495 1.5817 1.7514 2.2184 2.2953 32.91% 145.12%  
  Malta 2.4732 6.8321 7.1829 4.6739 4.9958 71.62% 73.12%  
  Myanmar 2.7194 1.7911 2.2907 2.9505 3.0400 43.58% 169.73%  
  Mongolia 12.4118 11.8694 9.9205 20.3731 19.0736 273.44% 160.70%  
  Mozambique 1.1239 0.7836 0.8578 1.2047 1.1727 16.81% 149.66%  
  Mauritania 4.9570 3.2755 3.3234 3.3211 3.3121 47.48% 101.12%  
  Martinique 1.2523 2.5640 2.2038 2.7412 2.8010 40.16% 109.25%  
  Mauritius 1.0923 1.8732 3.1428 4.7854 5.0110 71.84% 267.52%  
  Malawi 0.5950 0.6778 0.7466 0.8748 0.9754 13.98% 143.91%  
  Malaysia 3.0667 5.2550 9.5902 9.7373 10.4986 150.51% 199.78%  
  Namibia 8.3860 4.6925 5.2638 4.9173 4.6696 66.94% 99.51%  
  New Caledonia 12.8442 11.2419 13.5082 19.2977 19.3466 277.36% 172.09%  
  Niger 2.5076 1.4575 1.5847 1.6077 1.6649 23.87% 114.23%  
  Nigeria 3.3347 3.0158 2.8788 2.1413 1.8801 26.95% 62.34%  
  Nicaragua 3.8467 2.5610 2.7847 3.2132 3.2129 46.06% 125.45%  
  Netherlands 14.0281 15.2580 13.8161 12.1079 9.7151 139.28% 63.67%  
  Norway 14.2414 14.8128 16.0845 13.9222 12.6019 180.66% 85.07%  
  Nepal 2.1097 1.6857 1.4629 1.8223 1.8364 26.33% 108.94%  
  New Zealand 20.3227 20.7595 21.2997 18.6948 16.8268 241.23% 81.06%  
  Oman 19.5791 18.4668 26.5395 26.1552 25.5861 366.81% 138.55%  
  Pakistan 1.8074 1.9970 2.2814 2.6027 2.5303 36.28% 126.71%  
  Panama 4.2001 2.9809 3.8838 4.0865 4.1861 60.01% 140.43%  
  Peru 2.9515 2.1535 2.4027 3.0008 3.0873 44.26% 143.37%  
  Philippines 2.5324 1.7727 1.8888 2.2816 2.3498 33.69% 132.56%  
  Palau 187.2569 154.1787 92.4898 57.7687 61.6548 883.90% 39.99%  
  Papua New Guinea 0.7341 0.8922 1.5159 1.4328 1.0001 14.34% 112.10%  
  Poland 14.9084 13.5587 10.7404 10.8409 10.6204 152.26% 78.33%  
  Puerto Rico 11.3121 6.1714 7.5916 3.8213 4.1924 60.10% 67.93%  
  North Korea 6.9455 8.3692 4.7508 3.2948 3.1198 44.73% 37.28%  
  Portugal 3.4419 5.9744 7.9614 6.9886 5.8842 84.36% 98.49%  
  Paraguay 4.3090 5.0738 4.5954 6.3478 6.3005 90.33% 124.18%  
  French Polynesia 1.9282 4.8424 4.5120 4.2014 3.8167 54.72% 78.82%  
  Qatar 221.8389 61.0367 96.4841 72.2900 67.3770 965.94% 110.39%  
  Réunion 1.0653 1.9049 3.4830 3.4872 3.4622 49.64% 181.75%  
  Romania 8.7946 10.4632 6.5383 6.1493 6.0963 87.40% 58.26%  
  Russia 14.6855 20.6903 15.4700 16.2459 17.9851 257.84% 86.92%  
  Rwanda 1.1582 0.8596 0.6163 0.6641 0.6607 9.47% 76.87%  
  Saudi Arabia 13.0766 14.6012 19.5139 23.5159 22.6425 324.61% 155.07%  
  Serbia and Montenegro 5.3406 8.4412 7.8311 7.6314 7.5445 108.16% 89.38%  
  Sudan 2.8221 2.4397 3.0181 2.6340 2.4197 34.69% 99.18%  
  Senegal 1.8838 1.3846 1.5070 1.6351 1.6884 24.21% 121.94%  
  Singapore 3.6907 11.3521 11.4036 12.3314 11.6671 167.26% 102.78%  
  Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha 0.7919 1.9692 2.6657 4.6060 5.0835 72.88% 258.15%  
  Solomon Islands 0.8550 0.8737 1.0462 0.9601 0.8837 12.67% 101.14%  
  Sierra Leone 1.1909 0.9437 0.8840 0.9273 0.8504 12.19% 90.12%  
  El Salvador 1.6255 1.4799 2.1611 1.8747 1.9972 28.63% 134.95%  
  Somalia 5.4310 3.4263 2.9148 2.1010 1.9521 27.99% 56.98%  
  Saint Pierre and Miquelon 7.6473 14.9676 4.5041 6.5081 6.3008 90.33% 42.10%  
  São Tomé and Príncipe 0.5496 0.7606 1.0249 1.1514 1.1558 16.57% 151.97%  
  Suriname 5.5899 4.7176 5.3072 6.4743 7.6666 109.91% 162.51%  
  Slovakia 12.7608 14.1274 9.6596 8.7082 8.3604 119.86% 59.18%  
  Slovenia 8.8698 10.6785 11.8559 9.6593 8.7822 125.90% 82.24%  
  Sweden 14.4306 9.2461 9.0102 6.6710 5.9141 84.79% 63.96%  
  Eswatini 4.2549 3.8833 3.0469 2.2599 2.2792 32.67% 58.69%  
  Seychelles 2.5849 4.6775 11.8434 12.5403 12.3647 177.26% 264.34%  
  Syria 2.5071 5.1500 4.8997 2.4603 2.2628 32.44% 43.94%  
  Turks and Caicos Islands 0.9169 0.9260 1.6760 2.6859 2.6511 38.01% 286.29%  
  Chad 2.4968 1.8695 3.6305 4.7132 5.2065 74.64% 278.49%  
  Togo 0.9432 0.9424 1.0669 1.1432 1.2618 18.09% 133.90%  
  Thailand 3.2638 3.9217 5.8262 6.5104 6.6680 95.59% 170.03%  
  Tajikistan 4.5367 4.2253 1.7625 2.0570 2.3214 33.28% 54.94%  
  Turkmenistan 20.5351 23.5183 21.0881 21.3834 20.7968 298.15% 88.43%  
  Timor-Leste 1.1820 0.7914 1.9883 2.4188 1.7180 24.63% 217.09%  
  Tonga 0.9358 1.9887 2.3536 2.7408 2.5144 36.05% 126.44%  
  Trinidad and Tobago 9.9754 14.8896 39.9716 37.2419 33.2688 476.95% 223.44%  
  Tunisia 2.1448 2.9058 3.6128 3.7739 4.1075 58.89% 141.35%  
  Turkey 2.9383 4.2299 4.9558 7.4005 8.0867 115.93% 191.18%  
  Taiwan 3.7070 6.9210 14.6946 13.5154 12.8614 184.38% 185.83%  
  Tanzania 1.5528 1.2243 1.2928 1.3534 1.3418 19.24% 109.60%  
  Uganda 1.3988 1.0581 0.9983 1.0947 1.1243 16.12% 106.26%  
  Ukraine 13.8286 18.5010 9.4685 6.3480 4.8356 69.32% 26.14%  
  Uruguay 10.3644 9.5334 11.4641 11.8874 11.9124 170.78% 124.95%  
  United States 27.4349 24.4080 24.0636 18.8335 17.9011 256.63% 73.34%  
  Uzbekistan 9.0830 8.6584 7.2261 6.3621 6.6733 95.67% 77.07%  
  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0.6160 0.8178 1.1755 1.5549 1.3925 19.96% 170.27%  
  Venezuela 8.6865 8.3957 9.2402 7.3135 4.9949 71.61% 59.49%  
  British Virgin Islands 0.9394 1.2934 1.8020 2.2967 2.2842 32.75% 176.61%  
  Vietnam 2.1713 1.6423 2.8455 4.0437 4.8821 69.99% 297.27%  
  Vanuatu 3.4877 3.2709 2.6924 2.3090 1.9148 27.45% 58.54%  
  Samoa 1.1805 1.8528 2.4516 3.0172 2.7016 38.73% 145.81%  
  Yemen 0.9621 1.5129 2.2047 1.1259 1.2036 17.26% 79.56%  
  South Africa 10.6805 10.9673 11.3779 10.6277 8.9095 127.73% 81.24%  
  Zambia 3.0630 2.0291 1.4371 1.5936 1.5316 21.96% 75.48%  
  Zimbabwe 4.2982 3.4623 2.2097 1.7650 1.6374 23.47% 47.29%  
GLOBAL AVERAGE 6.6213 6.2420 6.4702 6.7828 6.7623 100.00% 108.34%  

Notes edit

  1. ^ Greenhouse gases (GHG) constitute a group of gases contributing to global warming and climate change.
    The Kyoto Protocol, an environmental agreement adopted by many of the parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1997 to curb global warming, nowadays covers seven greenhouse gases:
    • the non-fluorinated gases:
      • carbon dioxide (CO2),
      • methane (CH4),
      • nitrous oxide (N2O),
    • the fluorinated gases:
      • hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs),
      • perfluorocarbons (PFCs),
      • sulphur hexafluoride (SF6),
      • nitrogen trifluoride (NF3).
    Converting them to carbon dioxide (or CO2) equivalents makes it possible to compare them and to determine their individual and total contributions to global warming.
  2. ^ Carbon dioxide is the most important greenhouse gas, but not the only one. To capture all greenhouse gas emissions, researchers express them in carbon dioxide-equivalents (CO2eq). This takes all greenhouse gases into account, not just CO2. To express all greenhouse gases in carbon dioxide-equivalents (CO2eq), each one is weighted by its ″global warming potential″ (GWP) value. GWP measures the amount of warming a gas creates compared to CO2. CO2 is given a GWP value of one. If a gas had a GWP of 10 then one kilogram of that gas would generate ten times the warming effect as one kilogram of CO2. Carbon dioxide-equivalents are calculated for each gas by multiplying the mass of emissions of a specific greenhouse gas by its GWP factor. This warming can be stated over different timescales. To calculate CO2eq over 100 years, we’d multiply each gas by its GWP over a 100-year timescale (GWP100). Total greenhouse gas emissions – measured in CO2eq – are then calculated by summing each gas’ CO₂eq value.[1]
  3. ^
     
    Global Carbon Project (2022)[5]
    The rate of build-up of GHG in the atmosphere can be reduced by taking advantage of the fact that atmospheric CO2 can accumulate as carbon in vegetation and soils in terrestrial ecosystems. Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change any process, activity or mechanism which removes a greenhouse gas (GHG) from the atmosphere is referred to as a "sink". Human activities impact terrestrial sinks, through land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF), consequently, the exchange of CO2 (carbon cycle) between the terrestrial biosphere and the atmosphere is altered.[4]

References edit

  1. ^ a b "Total greenhouse gas emissions per capita". ourworldindata.org. Our World in Data. Retrieved 2023-11-01.
  2. ^ ● "Territorial (MtCO2)". GlobalCarbonAtlas.org. Retrieved 30 December 2021. (choose "Chart view"; use download link)
    ● Data for 2020 is also presented in Popovich, Nadja; Plumer, Brad (November 12, 2021). "Who Has The Most Historical Responsibility for Climate Change?". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 29, 2021.
    ● Source for country populations: "List of the populations of the world's countries, dependencies, and territories". britannica.com. Encyclopedia Britannica.
  3. ^ "Greenhouse gas emissions". ourworldindata.org. Our World in Data. Retrieved 2023-11-01.
  4. ^ a b c d United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. "Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF)". unfccc.int. Retrieved 2023-11-01.
  5. ^ Global Carbon Project (2022) Supplemental data of Global Carbon Budget 2022 (Version 1.0) [Data set]. Global Carbon Project. https://doi.org/10.18160/gcp-2022
  6. ^ "Per capita greenhouse gas emissions". Our World in Data. Retrieved 2023-11-01.
  7. ^ a b c Joint Research Centre (2023). "GHG emissions of all world countries". EDGAR - Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research. Retrieved 2023-11-01.
  8. ^ Roser, Max; Ritchie, Hannah (11 May 2017). "CO2 and other Greenhouse Gas Emissions". Our World in Data. Archived from the original on 4 July 2019.
  9. ^ Ritchie, Hannah; Roser, Max. "Per capita CO2 emissions". Our World in Data. Retrieved 2023-11-01.
  10. ^ Ritchie, Hannah; Roser, Max. "Consumption-based (trade-adjusted) emissions". Our World in Data. Retrieved 2023-11-01.
  11. ^ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2021). Climate Change 2021 The Physical Science Basis | Summary for Policymakers (PDF). p. 40. ISBN 978-92-9169-158-6.
  12. ^ Klugman, Cornelia. "The EU, a world leader in fighting climate change". European Parliament Think Tank. Retrieved 2023-11-01.

See also edit

External links edit

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