Wikipedia

List of strikes

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

The following is a list of specific strikes (workers refusing to work, seeking to change their conditions in a particular industry or an individual workplace, or striking in solidarity with those in another particular workplace) and general strikes (widespread refusal of workers to work in an organized political campaign on a broader national or international level).

Agitated workers face the factory owner in The Strike, painted by Robert Koehler in 1886

Chronological list of strikes edit

Twelfth century BCE edit

Date Strike Place Country
c. 1170 BCE Tomb workers' strikes (possibly earliest recorded strike action in history) Deir el-Medina New Kingdom of Egypt

Fourteenth century edit

Date Strike Place Country
1353 1353 Walsham Manor strike [1] Walsham le Willows England

Sixteenth century edit

Date Strike Place Country
1538 1538 Cobblers' Strike[2] Wisbech England

Seventeenth century edit

Date Strike Place Country
1619 Polish craftsmen's strike Jamestown Thirteen Colonies
1661 Indentured Servants' Plot Virginia colony Thirteen Colonies

Eighteenth century edit

Date Strike Place Country
1766 Silver miners' strike Mineral del Monte Mexico
1787 Weavers' strike Calton, Glasgow Scotland

Nineteenth century edit

1800–1849 edit

Date Strike Place Country
1828 New Hampshire Mill Women's Strike New Hampshire United States
1833 Four pennies riot [fr] Anzin France
1834 Lowell Massachusetts Mill Women's Strike Lowell, Massachusetts United States
1835 Textile strike Paterson, New Jersey United States
1835 1835 Washington Navy Yard labor strike Washington Navy Yard, Washington D.C. United States
1835 New England Mill Strike New England United States
1835 Philadelphia General Strike Philadelphia United States
1836 Lowell Massachusetts Mill Women's Strike Lowell, Massachusetts United States

1850–1899 edit

 
Frick's letter describing the plans and munitions that will be on the barges when the Pinkerton guards and County Sheriffs arrive to confront the strikers in the 1892 Homestead
Date Strike Place Country
1853–1854 Preston strike of 1853–1854 Preston, Lancashire United Kingdom
1859 London builders' strike London United Kingdom
1860 New England Shoemakers Strike of 1860 Lynn, Massachusetts United States
1864 Collar Laundry Union strike[3] Troy, New York United States
1865 Upper Peninsula miners' strike Marquette, Michigan United States
1867 Chinese Labor Strike of 1867[4] Sierra Nevada, California United States
1870 North Adams strike North Adams, Massachusetts United States
1872 Gas Stokers' strike London United Kingdom
1872 Metropolitan Police strike of 1872 London United Kingdom
1873 Coal miners' strike of 1873 northeastern Ohio, northwestern Pennsylvania United States
1874 Tompkins Square Riot New York City United States
1877 Great Railroad Strike nationwide United States[5]
1877–1878 Cigar makers' strike of 1877 New York City United States
1881 1881 Atlanta washerwomen strike Atlanta United States
1883 Camp Dump strike Omaha, Nebraska United States
1886 Great Southwest railroad strike nationwide United States
1886 Haymarket affair Chicago, Illinois United States
1886 Bay View massacre Milwaukee, Wisconsin United States
1887 Thibodaux massacre (sugar cane workers' strike) Lafourche Parish, Louisiana United States
1888 Burlington railroad strike Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad United States
1888 Matchgirls' strike London United Kingdom
1889 London dock strike London, England United Kingdom
1889 Kristiania match workers' strike of 1889 Oslo Sweden-Norway
1890 Southampton Dock strike Southampton, England United Kingdom
1890 Maritime dispute Melbourne Australia
1891 Australian shearers' strike Queensland Australia
1891 Cotton pickers' strike of 1891 Lee County, Arkansas United States
1891 Coal Creek War (miners) Anderson County, Tennessee United States
1892 Miners' strike Broken Hill Australia
1892 Homestead strike (steel workers) Homestead, Pennsylvania United States
1892 Buffalo switchmen's strike Buffalo, New York United States
1892 Coeur d'Alene labor strike Coeur d'Alene, Idaho United States
1893 UK miners' strike nationwide United Kingdom
1894 Pullman Strike Pullman, Chicago United States
1894 Great Northern Railway strike nationwide United States
1894 Bituminous coal miners' strike nationwide United States
1895 Yaroslavl Great Manufacture strike Yaroslavl, Yaroslavl Governorate Russian Empire
1896 Leadville miners' strike Leadville, Colorado United States
1897 Lattimer massacre Lattimer, Pennsylvania United States
1898 South Wales coal strike Wales United Kingdom
1899 Coeur d'Alene labor confrontation Coeur d'Alene, Idaho United States
1899 Weight Strike[6] Ybor City, Tampa, Florida United States
1899 Newsboys' strike New York City United States
1899 Russian student strike St. Petersburg University Russian Empire

Twentieth century edit

1900s edit

Date Strike Place Country
1900 St. Louis streetcar strike of 1900 St. Louis, Missouri United States
1900–1903 Penrhyn 'Streic Fawr' ('Great Strike) Bethesda, North Wales Wales, UK
1900 Anthracite coal strike Eastern Pennsylvania United States
1901 U.S. Steel recognition strike of 1901 Homestead, Pennsylvania United States
1902 Anthracite coal strike Illinois, Mississippi and Texas United States
1903 Oxnard strike of 1903 Oxnard, California United States
1903 Carbon County Strike Carbon County, Utah United States
1903–1904 Colorado Labor Wars, Western Federation of Miners Colorado United States
1906 Cananea strike Sonora, Mexico Mexico
1907 Music Hall Strike of 1907[7] London United Kingdom
1907 Boston garment worker strike[8] Boston United States
1907 Belfast Dock strike Belfast Ireland
1907 Río Blanco strike Orizaba, Veracruz Mexico
1907 1907 San Francisco streetcar strike San Francisco, California United States
1907 Revolt of the Languedoc winegrowers Languedoc, Pyrénées-Orientales France
1908 Pensacola streetcar operators' strike Pensacola, Florida United States
1909 Georgia Railroad strike Georgia United States
1909 Pressed Steel Car strike of 1909 McKees Rocks, Pennsylvania United States
1909 New York shirtwaist strike of 1909 "Uprising of the 20,000" Manhattan, New York United States

1910s edit

 
Bodies immediately after the Lena massacre of striking goldfield workers in 1912
Date Strike Place Country
1910–1911 Westmoreland County coal strike of 1910–1911 Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania United States
1910–1911 Tampa cigar makers' strike of 1910–11[9] Tampa, Florida United States
1910 Clockmakers' strike[10] New York City United States
1910–1911 1910 Chicago garment workes' strike Chicago United States
1911 1911 Liverpool general transport strike Liverpool, Merseyside United Kingdom
1911 Illinois Central shopmen's strike of 1911 Illinois, Mississippi and Texas United States
1911 1911 Grand Rapids furniture workers strike Grand Rapids, Michigan United States
1912 1912 Lawrence textile strike, Audi called the "Bread and Roses" strike Lawrence, Massachusetts United States
1912 Waihi miners' strike Waihi New Zealand
1911–1912 Louisiana-Texas Lumber War of 1911–1912 Eastern Louisiana United States
1912 Paint Creek–Cabin Creek strike of 1912 Kanawha County, West Virginia United States
1912 1912 New York City waiters' strike New York City United States
1912–1913 1912–1913 Little Falls textile strike Little Falls, New York United States
1912–13 Seattle Fishermen halibut strike of 1912 Seattle, Washington United States
1913 1913 El Paso smelters' strike El Paso, Texas United States
1913 Dublin strike and lockout Dublin Ireland
1913 Ludlow Massacre Ludlow, Colorado United States
1913 Paterson silk strike Paterson, New Jersey United States
1913 1913 Sligo Dock strike Sligo Ireland
1913 Leith dockers' strike of 1913 Leith, Edinburgh, Scotland United Kingdom
1913 1913 Great Strike nationwide New Zealand
1913 Indianapolis streetcar strike of 1913 Indianapolis, Indiana United States
1913–1914 Copper Country strike of 1913–1914 Upper Michigan United States
1914–1939 Bursdon teachers' strike Burston, Norfolk England
1914–1915 1914–1915 Fulton Bag and Cotton Mills strike Atlanta United States
1915–16 Bayonne refinery strikes Bayonne, New Jersey United States
1915–17 1915–1917 Wheelbarrow Mine strike Johnson County, Arkansas United States
1916 1916 Atlanta streetcar strike Atlanta United States
1916–1917 1916–1917 northern Minnesota lumber strike Minnesota United States
1917 The Great Strike nationwide Australia
1917–19 1917–1919 Brazil strike movement nationwide Brazil
1917 1917 Twin Cities streetcar strike Minneapolis–Saint Paul United States
1918 BLE strike in New York City New York City United States
1918–19 British police strikes in 1918 and 1919 nationwide United Kingdom
1918-20 1918-1920 New York City rent strikes New York City United States
1919 Battle of George Square Glasgow Scotland
1919 US Strike wave of 1919 nationwide United States
1919 La Canadiense strike Catalonia Spain
1919 Florida Pebble Strike Mulberry, Florida United States
1919 Boston cigar makers' strike of 1919 Boston United States
1919 1919 Actors' Equity Association strike nationwide United States
1919 Los Angeles streetcar strike of 1919[11] Los Angeles, California United States
1919 1919 Actors' Equity Association strike New York City United States
1919 Boston Police Strike Boston, Massachusetts United States
1919 Steel strike of 1919 Homestead, Pennsylvania United States
1919 Coal strike nationwide United States

1920s edit

Date Strike Place Country
1920 Battle of Matewan Matewan, West Virginia United States
1920 1920 Alabama coal strike Alabama United States
1920 1920 French railway strikes nationwide France
1920 Denver streetcar strike of 1920 Denver, Colorado United States
1920 Oahu sugar strike of 1920 Oahu, Hawaii Territory of Hawaii
1921 Kronstadt Rebellion Kronstadt Russian SFSR
1921 Black Friday (1921) (expected strike not called) nationwide United Kingdom
1921 Battle of Blair Mountain Logan County, West Virginia United States
1922 New England Textile Strike Northeast United States
1922 UMW General coal strike nationwide United States
1922 Herrin massacre Herrin, Illinois United States
1922 Great Railroad Strike of 1922 nationwide United States
1922 1922 seamen's strike citywide Hong Kong
1923 1923 San Pedro maritime strike San Pedro, Los Angeles, California United States
1923 1923 Victorian police strike Melbourne, Victoria Australia
1924 Hanapepe massacre Kauai, Hawaii United States
1925 Ammanford anthracite strike Ammanford, Carmarthenshire Wales
1925–1926 Canton-Hong Kong strike Guangzhou and Hong Kong China and Hong Kong
1926 1926 United Kingdom general strike Nationwide United Kingdom
1926 1926 Passaic textile strike Passaic, New Jersey United States
1927 1927 Indiana bituminous strike nationwide United States
1927 Columbine Mine massacre Serene, Colorado United States
1928 1928 New Bedford textile strike New Bedford, Massachusetts United States
1928 Banana massacre nationwide Colombia
1929 1929 Australian timber workers' strike nationwide Australia
1929 Lupeni Strike of 1929 Lupeni, Harghita Romania
1929 1929 New Orleans streetcar strike New Orleans, Louisiana United States
1929 Rothbury Riot North Rothbury, New South Wales Australia
1929 Loray Mill strike Gastonia, North Carolina United States

1930s edit

Date Strike Place Country
1930 Imperial Valley lettuce strike of 1930 Imperial Valley, California United States
1930 Phú Riềng Đỏ Biên Hòa Province French Indochina
1931 Tampa cigar makers' strike of 1931 Tampa, Florida United States
1931 Santa Clara cannery strike Santa Clara, California United States
1931 Ådalen shootings Ådalen Sweden
1931 Harlan County War Harlan County, Kentucky United States
1931 Invergordon Mutiny Invergordon United Kingdom
1932 Shunjuen Incident Tokyo Japan
1932 Century Airlines pilots' strike Chicago, Illinois United States
1932 Ford Hunger March Detroit, Michigan United States
1932 Griviţa strike of 1933 Bucharest Romania
1933 Briggs Manufacturing Company strike Detroit, Michigan United States
1933 California agricultural strikes of 1933 California United States
1934 Kohler strike Sheboygan, Wisconsin United States
1934 1934 New York hotel strike New York City United States
1934 Auto-Lite strike Toledo, Ohio United States
1934 Minneapolis general strike of 1934 Minneapolis, Minnesota United States
1934 1934 West Coast waterfront strike U.S. West Coast United States
1934 United Fruit banana strike nationwide Costa Rica
1934 Textile workers' strike (1934) New England, Mid-Atlantic region and U.S. southern states United States
1934 Asturian miners' strike of 1934 Asturia Spain
1934–35 1934–35 Milwaukee sales clerks' strike[12] Milwaukee United States
1935 Battle of Ballantyne Pier Vancouver, British Columbia Canada
1935 Copperbelt strike (1935) Copperbelt Province Northern Rhodesia
1935 Pacific Northwest lumber strike U.S. Pacific Northwest United States
1935 On-to-Ottawa Trek Vancouver, British Columbia Canada
1935 1935 Gulf Coast longshoremen's strike U.S. Gulf Coast United States
1936 1936 Venezuelan oil strike [es] nationwide Venezuela
1936 Flint sit-down strike Flint, Michigan United States
1936 Gulf Coast maritime workers' strike U.S. Gulf Coast United States
1936 SS California strike San Pedro, California United States
1936–37 Remington Rand strike of 1936–1937 New York City United States
1937 1937 Fleischer Studios strike New York City United States
1937 Little Steel strike including Memorial Day massacre of 1937 nationwide United States
1937 1937 Lewiston–Auburn shoe strike Lewiston, Maine and Auburn, Maine United States
1937 London busmen's strike London United Kingdom
1938 1938 San Antonio pecan shellers strike San Antonio United States
1938 Hilo massacre Hilo, Hawaii Territory of Hawaii
1939 Tool and die strike of 1939 Detroit, Michigan United States

1940s edit

Date Strike Place Country
1941 February Strike nationwide Netherlands
1941 Disney animators' strike Burbank, California United States
1942 1942 Betteshanger miners' strike Betteshanger, Kent United Kingdom
1942 Quit India movement nationwide India
1942–44 1942-44 musicians' strike nationwide United States
1943 1943 Rolls-Royce strike Hillington, Scotland United Kingdom
1944 Philadelphia Transit Strike Philadelphia, Pennsylvania United States
1944 Port Chicago mutiny Port Chicago, California United States
1945 Hollywood Black Friday Hollywood, California United States
1945–46 Strike wave of 1946 nationwide United States
1945–46 1945–1946 Charleston Cigar Factory strike Charleston, South Carolina United States
1946 African Mine Workers' Strike nationwide South Africa
1946 1946 Montreal Cotton Strike Montreal, Quebec Canada
1946 1946 Pilbara strike Pilbara Western Australia
1946 The Great Hawaiian Sugar Strike of 1946 Hawaii nationwide Territory of Hawaii
1946 1946 Palestine general strike nationwide Mandatory Palestine
1947 Biratnagar Jute Mill Strike Biratnagar Kingdom of Nepal
1947 Telephone Strike nationwide United States
1948 1948 Queensland Railway strike Queensland Australia
1948 1948 United States Meatpacking strike[13] nationwide United States
1948 Goodyear strike[13] Akron, Ohio United States
1948 1948 Caterpillar strike[13] Peoria, Illinois United States
1948 Boeing Strike of 1948 Seattle, Washington United States
1948 1948 Miami Garment workers strike[14] Miami, Florida United States
1949 Asbestos Strike Asbestos, Quebec Canada
1949 1949 Calvary Cemetery strike New York City United States
1949 1949 East German State Railway strike Berlin East Germany
1949 1949 New York City taxicab strike New York City United States
1949 1949 New York City brewery strike New York City United States
1949 1949 Australian coal strike nationwide Australia
1949 1949 Kemi strike Kemi Finland
1949 Puget Sound fishermen's strike of 1949 Puget Sound, Washington United States

1950s edit

Date Strike Place Country
1950 1950 Venezuelan oil strike [es] nationwide Venezuela
1950 Atlanta transit strike of 1950 Atlanta United States
1951 New Zealand waterfront strike nationwide New Zealand
1951 Barcelona tram strike Barcelona, Catalonia Spain
1951 1951 Aliquippa steelworkers strike[15] Aliquippa, Pennsylvania United States
1951 1951 Caterpillar strike[15] East Peoria, Illinois United States
1952 1952 steel strike nationwide United States
1953 1953 Milwaukee brewery strike Milwaukee United States
1953 The Hartal of 1953 nationwide Sri Lanka
1955 Hock Lee bus riots Singapore Republic of Singapore
1956 Poznań protests of 1956 Cegielski Factories Polish People's Republic
1957 Murdochville strike Murdochville, Quebec Canada
1957 1957 Long Island strike[16] Long Island, New York United States
1957 1957 Western Electric strike[16] nationwide United States
1958–59 1958–59 Mexican railroad strike[17] nationwide Mexico
1959 Steel strike of 1959 nationwide United States

1960s edit

Date Strike Place Country
1960 1960 Writers Guild of America strike Hollywood, California United States
1960 Miike Struggle Ōmuta, Fukuoka and Arao, Kumamoto Japan
1962 1962 New York City newspaper strike New York City United States
1962 Novocherkassk strike Novocherkassk Electric Locomotive Plant Soviet Union
1963 Reesor Siding Strike of 1963 Reesor, Ontario Canada
1964 1964 Mount Isa Mines Strike Mount Isa, Queensland Australia
1964–65 1964–1965 Scripto strike Atlanta United States
1965–70 Delano grape strike Delano, California United States
1966 1966 New York City transit strike New York City United States
1966-73 Gurindji strike Kalkarindji, Northern Territory Australia
1966 Texas farm workers' strike Texas United States
1966–67 St. John's University strike of 1966–67 New York City United States
1967 1967 United States truckers strike[18] nationwide United States
1967 Hong Kong 1967 Leftist Riots citywide British Hong Kong
1967 1967 United States Railroad strike[18] nationwide United States
1967 September 1967 General Motors strike[18] Dayton, Ohio United States
1967 1967 Caterpillar strike[18] Colorado, Illinois, Iowa, Ohio and Pennsylvania United States
1967 November 1967 General Motors strike[18] Pontiac, Michigan United States
1968 May 1968 in France nationwide France
1968 Memphis sanitation strike Memphis, Tennessee United States
1968 Chrysler wildcat strike Detroit, Michigan United States
1968 New York City Teacher's Strike of 1968 New York City United States
1968 Florida statewide teachers' strike of 1968 Florida United States
1968 1968 NFL strike/lockout Florida United States
1969 Unofficial strike by mineworkers over pay of surface workers[19] nationwide United Kingdom

1970s edit

Date Strike Place Country
1970 U.S. Postal Service strike of 1970 nationwide United States
1970-71 Colour Strike nationwide United Kingdom
1970–71 Salad Bowl strike nationwide United States
1971 1971 NYPD Work Stoppage New York City United States
1971 Longshore Strike (1971, U.S.) U.S. West Coast Hawaii and British Columbia United States and Canada
1971 1971 United Kingdom postal workers strike nationwide United Kingdom
1972 1972 Major League Baseball strike nationwide United States
1972 UK building workers' strike (1972) Shrewsbury, Shropshire United Kingdom
1972 UK miners' strike (1972) nationwide United Kingdom
1972 Chile truckers' strike nationwide Chile
1973 1973 New York City gravediggers' strike New York City United States
1973 1973 Philadelphia teachers strike[20] Philadelphia United States
1973 1973 Durban strikes Natal South Africa
1973 1973 Chicago teachers strike[20] Chicago United States
1973 1973 Cleveland teachers strike[20] Cleveland United States
1973 1973 Pennsylvania Central Transportation strike[20] Northeastern United States United States
1973 1973 Detroit teachers strike[20] Detroit United States
1973 1973 Chrysler strike[20] nationwide United States
1973 1973 Caterpillar strike[20] nationwide United States
1974 1974 railway strike in India by 17 million workers of Indian Railways[21][22][23][24] nationwide India
1974 1974 Elliot Lake miners strike Elliot Lake Canada
1974 Bituminous Coal Strike of 1974 nationwide United States
1974 Ulster Workers' Council Strike nationwide Northern Ireland
1974 UK miners' strike (1974) nationwide United Kingdom
1974 1974 NFL strike nationwide United States
1976–77 Grunwick Dispute London England
1977 1977 Atlanta sanitation strike Atlanta United States
1977 1977 Latrobe Valley power strike[25] Victoria Australia
1977–78 Bituminous Coal Strike of 1977–1978 nationwide United States
1977–78 1977–78 Coors strike Golden, Colorado United States
1978 1978 New York City newspaper strike New York City United States
1978 Sudbury Strike of 1978 Sudbury, Ontario Canada
1978–79 Winter of Discontent nationwide United Kingdom
1979 1979 Boston University strike Boston United States

1980s edit

Date Strike Place Country
1980 1980 Lublin strikes Lublin Poland
1980 Gdańsk Shipyard Strike Gdańsk Poland
1980 Upper Silesia 1980 strikes Jastrzębie-Zdrój Poland
1980 1980 actors strike nationwide (primarily Hollywood) United States
1981 1981 Schlitz strike Milwaukee United States
1981 Air traffic controllers' strike/Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization nationwide United States
1981 Bydgoszcz events Bydgoszcz Poland
1981 1981 Writers Guild of America strike Hollywood, California United States
1981 1981 Major League Baseball strike nationwide United States
1981 1981 strike at the Piast Coal Mine in Bieruń Bieruń Poland
1981 1981 Milwaukee Police strike Milwaukee United States
1982 Great Bombay textile strike Mumbai India
1982 1982 animators' strike Greater Los Angeles United States
1982 1982 NFL strike nationwide United States
1982 1982 garment workers' strike[26] New York City United States
1983 Arizona Copper Mine Strike of 1983 Greenlee County, Arizona United States
1983 1983 Greyhound Bus Lines strike in Seattle Seattle United States
1984 Battle of Orgreave Orgreave, South Yorkshire England
1984 Cammell Laird Shipyard Occupation Birkenhead United Kingdom
1984–85 UK miners' strike (1984–1985) nationwide United Kingdom
1985 1985 Pan Am strike nationwide United States
1985–86 1985–86 Hormel strike Austin, Minnesota United States
1985–87 1985–1987 Watsonville Cannery strike Watsonville, California United States
1985–86 1985–1986 New Bedford fishermen's strike New Bedford, Massachusetts United States
1985 Mudginberri dispute Northern Territory Australia
1985 1985 Major League Baseball strike nationwide United States and Canada
1986 Dollar Sweets dispute State of Victoria Australia
1986 Guilford Transportation Industries railroad workers' strike North Billerica, Massachusetts United States
1986 Major Indoor Soccer League lockout nationwide United States
1986 Wapping dispute London England
1987 International Paper strike Corinth, New York United States
1987 1987 NFL strike nationwide United States
1987 Metro Toronto Elementary Teacher's Strike Toronto, Ontario Canada
1988 1988 Writers Guild of America strike Hollywood, California United States
1988 1988 Polish strikes nationwide Poland
1988 1988 United Kingdom postal workers strike nationwide United Kingdom
1989 1989 Kosovo miners' strike SAP Kosovo SFR Yugoslavia
1989 1989 Australian pilots' strike nationwide Australia
1989–90 Pittston Coal strike Pittston, Pennsylvania United States
1989–93 Donbas miners' strikes Ukrainian SSR Soviet Union
1989–90 1989–90 British ambulance strike Nationwide United Kingdom

1990s edit

Date Strike Place Country
1990 1990 Major League Baseball lockout nationwide United States
1990 Mandal Commission protests of 1990 (India, 1990) Mandal India
1991 Frontier Hotel Culinary Workes (Las Vegas, US 1991–1998) Las Vegas United States
1991 1991 Belarusian strikes Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic Soviet Union
1991 1991 Public Service Alliance of Canada Strike[27] Ottawa Canada
1992 1992 United States railroad strike nationwide United States
1992 1992 NHL strike nationwide Canada and United States
1992 Southern California drywall strike Southern California United States
1993 Timex strike Dundee Scotland
1994–95 1994–95 Major League Baseball strike nationwide Canada and United States
1994–95 1994–95 NHL lockout nationwide Canada and United States
1994 San Francisco newspaper strike of 1994 San Francisco, California United States
1995 1995 Boeing Strike Washington State (Everett/Seattle/Renton) United
1995–97 Detroit Newspaper Strike Detroit, Michigan United States
1995 1995 strikes in France nationwide France
1995 1995 NBA lockout nationwide Canada and United States
1995–98 Liverpool dockers' strike (1995–98) Liverpool, Merseyside England
1996 1996 NBA lockout nationwide Canada and United States
1996–97 1996–1997 strikes in South Korea nationwide South Korea
1996–97 1996 NBA lockout nationwide Canada and United States
1996–97 Donbas miners' strikes Donbas Ukraine
1997 1997 UPS Strike (U.S.) nationwide United States
1997 1997 Ontario teachers strike Ontario Canada
1998 1998 Australian waterfront dispute Melbourne, Brisbane, Fremantle and Sydney Australia
1998 1998 Russian miners' strike Komi Republic, Kemerovo Oblast, Rostov Oblast Russia
1998 Donbas miners' strikes Luhansk Oblast Ukraine
1998–99 1998–99 NBA lockout nationwide Canada and United States
1999 1999 UNAM strike Mexico City Mexico

Twenty-first century edit

2000s edit

Date Strike Place Country
2000 Verizon Strike nationwide United States
2000 2000 commercial actors strike Hollywood United States
2001 Jeffboat wildcat strike Jeffersonville, Indiana United States
2001 National Gallery of Canada Ottawa, Ontario Canada
2001–2003 Friction Dynamics - T&G Union Caernarfon, Wales United Kingdom
2002 UK Firefighter strike 2002 nationwide United Kingdom
2003 Scottish Nursery Nurses Strike nationwide Scotland
2003 2003 Broadway Musicians Strike New York City United States
2003 2003 June 15 Hospitality workers at the Congress Plaza Hotel.[28] Chicago, Illinois United States
2003–2004 Southern California supermarket strike of 2003–2004 Southern California United States
2004–2005 2004–05 NHL lockout nationwide United States and Canada
2005 Bolivian Gas War nationwide Bolivia
2005 2005 New York City transit strike New York City United States
2006 Dhaka strikes Dhaka Bangladesh
2006 2006 labor protests in France nationwide France
2006 2006 Oaxaca protests Oaxaca Mexico
2006 2006 Progressive Enterprises dispute Auckland, Palmerston North and Christchurch New Zealand
2006 South Korean railroad strike of 2006 nationwide South Korea
2006 2006 Toronto Transit Commission wildcat strike Toronto, Ontario Canada
2006 University of Miami Justice for Janitors campaign Coral Gables, Florida United States
2007 2007 Freightliner wildcat strike Portland, Oregon United States
2007 2007 South African public servants' strike nationwide South Africa
2007 2007 Orange County transit strike Orange, California United States
2007 Hayward teachers strike Hayward, California United States
2007 2007 General Motors strike Detroit, Michigan United States
2007 2007 UK postal strikes nationwide United Kingdom
2007 2007 Broadway Stagehand Strike New York City United States
2007 November 2007 strikes in France nationwide France
2007 German national rail strike of 2007 nationwide Germany
2007 2007 South Africa miners' strike nationwide South Africa
2007–2008 2007–2008 CBS News writers strike New York City United States
2007–2008 2007–2008 Cork players strike County Cork Ireland
2007–2008 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike Hollywood, California United States
2007–2008 2007–2008 Berlitz Japan Strike[29] Aoyama, Tokyo Japan
2008 2008 British teacher's strike nationwide England
2008 2008 Toronto Transit Commission strike Toronto, Ontario Canada
2008 2008 VIVA bus operators strike nationwide Canada
2008 Boeing Machinists Strike of 2008[30] Seattle, Washington United States
2008–2009 2008–2009 York University strike York, Ontario Canada
2008–2009 Istanbul metalworkers' strike of 2008–2009 Istanbul Turkey
2009 2009 Lindsey Oil Refinery strikes North Killingholme, Lincolnshire England
2009 Tonghua Iron and Steel Group riot Tonghua, Jilin China
2009 2009 City of Toronto inside and outside workers strike[31] Toronto, Ontario Canada
2009 2009 Leeds refuse workers strike City of Leeds West Yorkshire England
2009 2009 UK postal strikes nationwide United Kingdom

2010s edit

 
Arizona teachers' strike, 26 April 2018
 
General strike in Catalonia, 21 February 2019
Date Strike Place Country
2010 2010 University of Puerto Rico Strike San Juan Puerto Rico
2010 2010 Chinese autoworkers strike[32] Foshan and Zhongshan China
2010 2010 Chinese labour unrest nationwide China
2010 2010 Cambodian garment workers strike[33] Phnom Phen Cambodia
2010 2010 Scottish football referee strike nationwide Scotland
2010 2010 Spanish air traffic controllers strike nationwide Spain
2010 2010 Major League Soccer lockout/strike nationwide United States
2010 2010 Georgia prison strike Georgia United States
2010–2011 2010–2011 Hanjin Heavy Industries strike nationwide South Korea and the Philippines
2011 2011 Shanghai Truckers strike Shanghai China
2011 2011 NBA lockout nationwide United States and Canada
2011 2011 NFL lockout nationwide United States
2011 Zhanaozen massacre Mangystau Region Kazakhstan
2012 2012 NFL referee lockout nationwide United States
2012–13 2012–13 NHL lockout nationwide United States and Canada
2012 2012 Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach strike Los Angeles and Long Beach, California United States
2013 2013 Southern Weekly incident Guangzhou, Guangdong China
2013 2013 Hong Kong dock strike citywide Hong Kong
2013 2013 Colombian miners strike[34] Northern Colombia Colombia
2014 Chinese Golf Factory Workers Strike for Essential Rights Shenzhen China
2014 Tacoma nurses strike 2014 Tacoma and Lakewood, Washington United States
2014 2014 South African platinum strike nationwide South Africa
2015 2015 United Steel Workers Oil Refinery Strike[35] California, Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio, Texas and Washington United States
2015 2015 Kohler Strike[36] Kohler, Wisconsin United States
2016 2016 Verizon workers' strike[37] New York City United States
2016–2017 2016–2017 video game voice actor strike[38] Los Angeles, California United States
2017 2017 Philippine jeepney drivers' strike nationwide Philippines
2018–2019 2018–2019 teachers' strikes in the United States nationwide United States
2018 2018 York University strike: Teaching Assistants, Graduate Assistant, Research Assistant, and Contract Faculty Strike York, Ontario Canada
2018 2018 Taylorsville Georgia-Pacific strike Taylorsville, Mississippi United States
2018 2018 DeKalb County School District bus drivers' strike DeKalb County, Georgia United States
2018 Brazil truck drivers' strike nationwide Brazil
2018 Marriott Hotels strike[39][40] Bethesda, Maryland United States
2018 Jasic incident Shenzhen, Guangdong China
2018–2019 2018–2019 education workers' strikes in the United States nationwide United States
2018 2018 Alabama Coca-Cola strike Alabama and Mississippi United States
2018 2018 Atlanta sanitation strike Atlanta United States
2018–present School strike for climate worldwide global
2018 2018–2020 UK higher education strikes nationwide United Kingdom
2019 2019 Los Angeles Unified School District teachers' strike Los Angeles County, California United States
2019 Wright State University 2019 faculty strike Dayton, Ohio United States
2019 2019 Portuguese fuel-tanker drivers' strike nationwide Portugal
2019 2019 Stop & Shop strike Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut United States
2019 2019 India doctors' strike West Bengal India
2019 2019 Alaska ferry workers strike Alaska United States
2019 2019 AT&T strike Southern United States United States
2019–2020 2019–2020 French pension reform strike nationwide France

2020s edit

See also: Timeline of strikes in 2021, Timeline of strikes in 2022, and Timeline of strikes in 2023
 
Protestors during the 2021 Warrior Met Coal strike
 
2020 Michigan graduate students strike, 11 September
 
2023 French pension reform strikes, 15 March
 
2023 Writers Guild of America strike, 21 June
Date Strike Place Country
2020 2020 Santa Cruz graduate students' strike Santa Cruz, California United States
2020 2020 New Orleans sanitation strike New Orleans United States
2020 2020 Bath shipbuilders strike Bath, Maine United States
2020 Strike for Black Lives Nationwide United States
2020 2020 Port of Montreal strike Montreal Canada
2020 2020 Michigan graduate students strike Ann Arbor, Michigan United States
2020 2020 University of Illinois Hospital strikes Chicago United States
2020–2021 2020–2021 Alabama aluminum plant strike Muscle Shoals, Alabama United States
2021 2021 Hunts Point Produce Market strike New York City United States
2021 2021 French labor protests Nationwide France
2021 2021 St. Paul Park refinery strike St. Paul Park, Minnesota United States
2021 2021 Go North West strike Manchester United Kingdom
2021 2021 St. Charles Bend strike Bend, Oregon United States
2021 2021 Saint Vincent Hospital strike Worcester, Massachusetts United States
2021–2022 2021–2022 Columbia University strike New York City United States
2021 2021 Allegheny Technologies strike Northern United States United States
2021 2021 New York University strike[41][42] New York City United States
2021–2023 2021–2023 Warrior Met Coal strike Alabama United States
2021 2021 Minas Gerais prostitute strike Minas Gerais Brazil
2021 2021 Virginia Volvo Trucks strike Dublin, Virginia United States
2021 2021 Oregon Tech strike Oregon United States
2021 2021 Cook County nurses strike[43][44] Cook County, Illinois United States
2021 2021 Frito-Lay strike Topeka, Kansas United States
2021 2021 Nigerian doctors strike Nationwide Nigeria
2021 2021 Nabisco strike Nationwide United States
2021 2021 Heaven Hill strike Bardstown, Kentucky United States
2021 2021 Washington state carpenters strike[45][46] Washington United States
2021 2021 Mercy Hospital strike Buffalo, New York United States
2021 2021 Kellogg's strike Nationwide United States
2021 2021 John Deere strike Nationwide United States
2021 2021 Kaiser Permanente strike Nationwide United States
2022 2022 UPM Paperworkers' strike[47] Nationwide Finland
2022 2022 Minneapolis teacher's strike Minneapolis United States
2022 2022 University of California academic workers' strike California United States
2022 2022 British barristers' industrial action Nationwide United Kingdom
2022 2022 BT Group strikes Nationwide United Kingdom
2022 2022 Scotland bin strikes Scotland United Kingdom
2022–2024 2022–2024 United Kingdom railway strikes Nationwide United Kingdom
2022–present United Kingdom industrial disputes and strikes (2022–present) Nationwide United Kingdom
2022–2023 2022–2023 National Health Service strikes Nationwide United Kingdom
2022–2023 2022–2023 United Kingdom postal workers strikes Nationwide United Kingdom
2022–2023 2022–2023 HarperCollins strike New York City United States
2023 2023 transport strike in the Philippines Nationwide Philippines
2023 University of Prince Edward Island faculty strike Canada
2023 2023 French pension reform strikes Nationwide France
2023 2023 Portuguese housing crisis strikes Lisbon Portugal
2023 2023 German public transport strike Nationwide Germany
2023 2023 Temple University strike Philadelphia United States
2023 2023 Rutgers University strike New Jersey United States
2023 2023 Canadian federal worker strike Nationwide Canada
2023 2023 Writers Guild of America strike Hollywood United States
2023 2023 Romanian teachers' strike Nationwide Romania
2023 2023 Manitoba Public Insurance Strike Manitoba Canada
2023 2023 SAG-AFTRA strike Hollywood United States
2023 2023 United Auto Workers strike Nationwide United States

Chronological list of general strikes edit

Date Name Place Country
1820 Radical War Central Belt, Scotland   United Kingdom Influenced by Radical demands for reform, especially among Scottish weavers
1835 Philadelphia general strike of 1835 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania   United States Successful strike for a ten-hour work day and better wages
1842 General Strike of 1842 England and Wales   United Kingdom Chartist general strike against low wages originating from coal miners in Staffordshire before spreading to multiple industries in the Midlands as well as coal mines across the country.
1855 1855 Catalan general strike Catalonia   Spain
1862–1865 General strike of slaves Nationwide   Confederate States of America Slaves in the Southern United States stopped work and attempted to cross the frontlines of the American Civil War into Union territory, in what W.E.B. Du Bois held to be a crucial turning point in the war.[48]
1877 Great Railroad Strike of 1877 West Virginia, Maryland, New York, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Missouri   United States Strike by rail workers in a number of different states for wage increases; ended after 52 days with a suppression by the National Guard and local militias
1886 Walloon jacquerie of 1886 Wallonia   Belgium
1892 New Orleans general strike of 1892 New Orleans, Louisiana   United States Successful strike for a 10-hour day and overtime pay; notable for the participation of both white and black strikers
1893 Belgian general strike of 1893 Mons   Belgium Strike by the Belgian Labour Party to pressure Prime Minister Auguste Beernaert's Catholic Party government to introduce universal male suffrage
1901 1901 Ybor City strikes[49] Ybor City, Tampa, Florida United States
1902 Geneva general strike of 1902 Geneva    Switzerland
1904 1904 Italian general strike Nationwide Italy
1905 1905 Russian Revolution Nationwide   Russian Empire General strike by workers in the industrial centres of the Russian Empire; suppressed by the Imperial Russian Army.
1907 Geneva general strike of 1907 Geneva    Switzerland
1907 New Orleans General Levee Strike of 1907 New Orleans   United States
1909 Tragic Week Barcelona, Catalonia   Spain
1909 Swedish General Strike Nationwide   Sweden Unsuccessful general strike called by the Swedish Trade Union Confederation
1910 Philadelphia general strike of 1910 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania   United States Amalgamated Transit Union strike of Philadelphia Transportation Company trolley workers which expanded into a citywide American Federation of Labor general strike, eventually leading to wage increases
1912 Brisbane general strike of 1912 Brisbane, Queensland   Australia Caused when Australian Tramway Employees Union members were dismissed for wearing union badges; ended with Queensland Police Service attacks on labor marchers in Market Square leading to a public outcry and the strengthening of the Australian labour movement
1912 Zürich general strike of 1912 Zürich    Switzerland
1917 Australian general strike of 1917 Nationwide   Australia
1917 Spanish general strike of 1917 Nationwide   Spain
1917 1917–1919 Brazil strike movement Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul   Brazil Series of general strikes leading to an attempted anarchist uprising against the First Brazilian Republic.
1917 1917 Twin Cities streetcar strike Minneapolis–Saint Paul   United States Sympathetic general strike held on December 13 in support of streetcar workers who had been engaged in a labor dispute for the past several weeks. Involved about 10,000 people.
1918 Irish General Strike against Conscription Ireland   United Kingdom
1918 Swiss general strike of 1918 Nationwide    Switzerland
1918 Vancouver general strike Vancouver, British Columbia   Canada General strike caused by the arrest of Albert "Ginger" Goodwin, discontent over high living costs and low wages during World War I, and the October Revolution; ended with police attacks on union offices
1919 La Canadenca strike Catalonia   Spain
1919 Basel and Zürich general strike of 1919 Basel and Zürich    Switzerland
1919 Seattle General Strike Seattle, Washington   United States Industrial Workers of the World strike caused when the Emergency Fleet Corporation denied shipbuilders' demands for higher wages and intended to start a socialist revolution; contributed to the First Red Scare
1919 Winnipeg general strike Winnipeg, Manitoba   Canada General strike ending with repression by the North-West Mounted Police but leading to the growth of the Canadian democratic socialist and labor movements.
1920 Berlin general strike Berlin   Germany General strike encouraged by the government to resist an attempted overthrow of the Weimar Republic
1920 Ruhr uprising Ruhr   Germany General strike in support of the Social Democratic government before expanding into a mass labor uprising to establish a "dictatorship of the proletariat"; suppressed by the Freikorps and the Reichswehr
1920 Romanian general strike of 1920 Nationwide   Romania
1922 Italian general strike of 1922 Nationwide   Italy Unsuccessful general strike intended to prevent a seizure of power by Benito Mussolini's National Fascist Party
1922 Guayaquil general strike Guayaquil Ecuador
1926 United Kingdom general strike of 1926 Nationwide   United Kingdom 10-day general strike by the General Council of the Trades Union Congress to prevent wage reductions and worsened conditions for coal miners; ended without concessions or violence.
1926 Sierra Leone railway strike of 1926 Nationwide   Sierra Leone
1932 Geneva general strike of 1932 Geneva    Switzerland
1933 1933 Cuban general strike Nationwide, initially in Havana   Cuba The strike would originally begin as a strike for bus drivers in Havana and would later grow to other sectors and spread throughout the country. The strike led to the resignation of President Gerardo Machado.[50]
1933 1933 Ecuadorian general strike[51] Quito, Riobamba   Ecuador
1933 French general strike of 1933 Nationwide   France
1934 Portuguese general strike of 1934 Nationwide   Portugal
1934 West Coast waterfront strike of 1934 California, Oregon and Washington   United States 83-day general strike in support of the International Longshoremen's Association during the Great Depression; the success of the strike contributed to the growth of industrial unionism under the Congress of Industrial Organizations.
1934 Minneapolis general strike of 1934 Minneapolis, Minnesota   United States
1934 Auto-Lite strike Toledo, Ohio   United States
1936 French general strike of 1936 Nationwide   France
1936 Spanish Revolution of 1936 Nationwide   Spain
1936 1936 Syrian general strike Nationwide   Syria
1936 Palestinian general strike Nationwide   Mandatory Palestine General strike coordinated by the Arab Higher Committee against Jewish settlement in Palestine; eventually led to the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine.
1938 French general strike of 1938 Nationwide   France
1941 February strike Nationwide   Netherlands
1942 Luxembourgish general strike of 1942 Nationwide   Luxembourg Campaign of passive resistance against the Nazi occupation during World War II.
1945 Nigerian general strike of 1945 Nationwide   Nigeria
1946 Royal Indian Navy mutiny Nationwide   India
1946 Oakland general strike of 1946 Oakland, California   United States Part of the 1945-46 strike wave in the United States during the U.S. demobilization after World War II and the abolition of National War Labor Board restrictions, which contributed to the passage of the Taft–Hartley Act restricting union activities and strike actions.
1950 Austrian general strikes of 1950 Nationwide   Austria
1950 Belgian general strike of 1950 Nationwide   Belgium Originated over opposition to King Leopold III of Belgium being returned to throne after his refusal to leave Belgium with the government-in-exile during the Nazi occupation; ended with his agreement to abdicate and allow his son Baudouin to take the throne
1950 Nairobi general strike of 1950 Nairobi   Kenya
1950 Positive Action campaign Nationwide   Gold Coast
1952 Casablanca Uprisings of 1952 Casablanca   Morocco
1953 Ceylonese Hartal of 1953 Nationwide   Ceylon
1953 Uprising of 1953 Nationwide   East Germany Originated as strike by East Berlin construction workers against Sovietization work quotas before expanding to a broad revolt against the Soviet-sponsored Socialist Unity Party's rule; repressed by the Soviet Army and the Kasernierte Volkspolizei
1954 General strike of 1954 Nationwide   Honduras
1956 Finnish general strike of 1956 Nationwide   Finland Successful Central Organisation of Finnish Trade Unions general strike for higher wages
1960–61 Belgian general strike of 1960–61 Wallonia   Belgium General Labour Federation of Belgium general strike against Prime Minister Gaston Eyskens's austerity policies, especially the Unitary Law; contributed to the growth of the Walloon Movement
1966 1966 Burkina Faso general strike Nationwide   Burkina Faso
1968 French general strike of May 1968 Nationwide   France Student protests which escalated into a nationwide general strike which halted the French economy and continued with wildcat strikes after the Grenelle agreements granted higher wages, leading to fears of a revolution against Charles de Gaulle; ended with Gaullist counter-demonstrations and a vote of confidence from the National Assembly.
1971-72 Namibian contract workers general strike Nationwide   Namibia A general strike by workers under the contract labor system of what was then known as South West Africa (now Namibia) under the control of apartheid South Africa. The goal was to end the contract labor system due to slave like conditions and promote Namibian independence. It led to SWANLA being abolished & replaced with a less punitive but still repressive contract labor system. It also fueled the war for independence.
1972 Québec general strike of 1972[52] Québec   Canada
1973 Uruguay general strike of 1973 Nationwide   Uruguay Unsuccessful general strike against the 1973 Uruguayan coup d'état, leading the civic-military dictatorship to ban trade unions.
1974 Ulster Workers' Council strike Northern Ireland   United Kingdom Successful Ulster loyalist general strike against the Sunningdale Agreement between Great Britain and Ireland, which would have attempted to resolve the Northern Ireland conflict by establishing a power-sharing Northern Ireland Executive and revived Council of Ireland
1975 Icelandic women's strike of 1975 Nationwide   Iceland
1976 Canadian general strike of 1976[53][54] Nationwide   Canada
1976 March 24 strike Nationwide   People's Republic of the Congo
1978 Iranian Revolution Nationwide   Iran
1979 1979 New Zealand general strike Nationwide   New Zealand The Federation of Labour holds a 24-hour general strike held to protest the Third National Government's intervention in the general drivers' award.[55][56]
1984 Uruguayan general strikes of 1984 Nationwide   Uruguay Successfully ended the Uruguayan dictatorships by forcing free elections to occur under the threat of continued rolling 24 hour general strikes if not allowed. [57]
1988 Spanish general strike of 1988 Nationwide   Spain Workers' Commissions and Unión General de Trabajadores strike against the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party's policies under Prime Minister Felipe González
1989 Velvet Revolution Nationwide   Czechoslovakia
1990 1990 Moroccan general strike[58] Nationwide   Morocco
1992 April 1992 general strike in Nepal Nationwide   Nepal
1995 French general strikes of 1995 Nationwide   France
1998 1998 Danish general strike[59] Copenhagen   Denmark
1998 1998 Puerto Rican general strike Nationwide   United States (  Puerto Rico) 41-day general strike against the privatization of the Puerto Rico Telephone Company, accompanied by some violence and sabotage.
2000 Cochabamba Water War Cochabamba   Bolivia
2002–2003 Venezuelan general strike of 2002–2003 Nationwide   Venezuela General strike against President Hugo Chávez including a large contingent of PDVSA workers.
2003 Bolivian gas conflict Nationwide   Bolivia
2006 Nepalese Revolution Nationwide   Nepal
2007 2007 Guinea general strike Nationwide   Guinea Successful general strike forcing President Lansana Conté to resign.
2007 2007 South African public servants' strike Nationwide   South Africa
2007 2007 Swazi general strike Nationwide   Eswatini
2008 2008 Egyptian general strike Nationwide   Egypt General strike including large contingent of textile workers during the 2007–2008 world food price crisis
2009 2009 French Caribbean general strikes Guadeloupe   France
2011 2011 Oakland general strike Oakland, California   United States Part of the Occupy Oakland demonstrations
2012 2012 European general strike Cyprus, Malta, Portugal, Italy, Spain, France, Greece, Belgium   European Union
2016 Indian general strike of 2016 Nationwide   India 24-hour general strike against Prime Minister Narendra Modi's economic policies
2017 2017 Brazilian general strike Nationwide   Brazil General strike against President Michel Temer's labor reform policies during the Brazilian economic crisis.
2017 2017 Catalan general strike Catalonia   Spain General strike in support of the Catalan independence movement, accompanied by police repression by the Spanish government.
2018 2018 Jordanian general strike Nationwide   Jordan Anti-austerity general strike
2018–2019 2018–2019 Iranian general strikes and protests Nationwide   Iran
2018–present School strike for climate Global Various International movement of students skipping classes to support renewable energy and climate change mitigation
2019 2019 Catalan general strike Catalonia   Spain
2019 2019 Hong Kong general strike Nationwide   Hong Kong
2019 2019 Indian General Strike[60] Nationwide   India
2019 Sudanese Revolution Nationwide   Sudan
2020 2020–2021 Belarusian protests Nationwide   Belarus
2020 2020 United States essential workers general strike Nationwide   United States General strike involving essential workers during the COVID-19 pandemic
2020 Strike for Black Lives Nationwide   United States Mass walkout in support of the George Floyd protests
2020 2020 Indian general strike Nationwide   India Preceded the 2020–2021 Indian farmers' protest
2021 2021 Greek general strike Nationwide   Greece 24-hour general strike against a bill in the Hellenic Parliament that would give employers more power in regards to their employees.[61]
2021 2021 Myanmar strikes Nationwide   Myanmar
2021 Striketober Nationwide   United States
2022 2022 Iranian general strike Nationwide   Iran 3 day general strike in response to protestors killed by Iranian security forces.[62]
2022 2022 Kazakh unrest Nationwide   Kazakhstan

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "The Black Death". BBC.
  2. ^ "The Story of a Strike". Birmingham Daily Post. 27 December 1893. p. 2.
  3. ^ Loomis, Erik (2020). A History of America in Ten Strikes. The New Press. p. 233. ISBN 978-1620976272.
  4. ^ Ryan, Patrick Spaulding (2022). "Saving Face Without Words: A Confucian Perspective on The Strike of 1867".
  5. ^ "The great railroad strike, 1877 – Howard Zinn". libcom.org.
  6. ^ Koepnick, Brian (1996). "Tampa's Historic Cigar Factories: Making a Case for Preservation" (PDF).
  7. ^ Taylor, Boswell, ed. (1984). Mastermind (1984 ed.). Treasure Press. pp. 58, 136. ISBN 0-907812-64-3.
  8. ^ "History Early Struggles". ilgwu.ilr.cornell.edu. Retrieved 2021-07-07.
  9. ^ Valenzuela, Ricardo R. Gonzales; Tampa Historical Team. "1910 Workers' Strike - The issue of "selectors" creates another strike in Tampa". Tampa Historical. Retrieved 2021-05-15.
  10. ^ "July 7: The Great Revolt". Jewish Currents. July 6, 2011. Retrieved July 7, 2021.
  11. ^ Defending Rights: Law, Labor Politics, and the State in California, 1890–1925. Detroit, Michigan: Wayne State University Press. 2002. p. 182. ISBN 0814330436 – via Google Books.
  12. ^ White, Jonathan (January 24, 2013). "Milwaukee sales clerks strike for wage increases, 1934". Global Nonviolent Action Database. Retrieved 2021-07-04.
  13. ^ a b c United States Department of Labor (1949). Work Stoppages Caused by Labor-Management Disputes in 1948 (PDF). Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office.
  14. ^ "Florida Roundup: MIAMI STRIKE ENDS". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. September 9, 1948. Retrieved May 20, 2021.
  15. ^ a b United States Department of Labor (1952). Analysis of Work Stoppages During 1951 (PDF). Washington, D.C.: United States.
  16. ^ a b United States Department of Labor (1958). Analysis of Work Stoppages: 1957 (PDF). Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office.
  17. ^ "Mexican railroad workers strike for wages and union rights, 1958-1959 | Global Nonviolent Action Database". Global Nonviolent Action Database. Retrieved 2021-07-04.
  18. ^ a b c d e United States Department of Labor (1969). ANALYSIS OF WORK STOPPAGES 1967 (PDF). Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office.
  19. ^ Douglas, David John (1994). Pit Sense versus the State: A history of militant miners in the Doncaster area. London: Phoenic Press. pp. 11–12. ISBN 0-948984-26-0.
  20. ^ a b c d e f g United States Department of Labor (1975). Analysis of Work Stoppages, 1973 (PDF). Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office.
  21. ^ "Welcome to Frontline : Vol. 29 :: No. 03". Hinduonnet.com. Archived from the original on 2011-02-19. Retrieved 2012-02-11.
  22. ^ "INDIA: Strangulating Strike". Time. 1974-05-20. Archived from the original on December 22, 2008. Retrieved 2012-02-11.
  23. ^ [1] Archived September 22, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
  24. ^ Stephen Sherlock (October 14, 1989). "Railway Workers and Their Unions: Origins of 1974 Indian Railways Strike". Economic and Political Weekly. 24 (41). Published by: Economic and Political Weekly: 2311–2315+2317–2319+2321–2322. JSTOR 4395459.
  25. ^ "Latrobe Valley's 1977 power strike – Solidarity Online". 8 September 2017.
  26. ^ Bao, Xiaolan (2001). Holding Up More Than Half the Sky: Chinese Women Garment Workers in New York City, 1948–92. University of Illinois Press. p. 3. ISBN 9780252026317.
  27. ^ "Canada's national strike in 1991". CBC.
  28. ^ "Congress Hotel Strike Ends, 10-Year Strike Was Longest In The World". Huffington Post. 30 May 2013. Retrieved 31 May 2013.
  29. ^ "The Japan Times – News on Japan, Business News, Opinion, Sports, Entertainment and More". The Japan Times.
  30. ^ "Simmering Boeing strike scorching both sides". The Seattle Times.
  31. ^ Lu, Vanessa; Vincent, Donovan (22 June 2009). "Keep your trash, citizens told". The Star. Toronto. Retrieved 8 May 2010.
  32. ^ Alicea, Julio (June 10, 2011). "Chinese autoworkers strike to demand higher wages from Honda, 2010". Global Nonviolent Action Database. Retrieved August 20, 2021.
  33. ^ Alicea, Julio (November 28, 2010). "Cambodian garment workers organize an industry strike for higher monthly wages, 2010". Global Nonviolent Action Database. Retrieved August 10, 2021.
  34. ^ Bunting, Ashleigh (December 22, 2013). "Colombian miners go on 53-day strike for better wages and working conditions, 2013". Global Nonviolent Action Database. Retrieved August 20, 2021.
  35. ^ "Welcome to The Oil Strike Newsletter". United Steelworkers. Archived from the original on 2018-01-20. Retrieved 2015-03-03.
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  37. ^ 40,000 Verizon Workers Go On Strike url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/verizon-strike_us_570df081e4b03d8b7b9ed710
  38. ^ McNary, Dave (2016-10-24). "More Than 100 SAG-AFTRA Videogame Strike Supporters Rally at Electronic Arts". Variety. Retrieved 2016-10-25.
  39. ^ Philip, Drew (October 26, 2018). "'One job should be enough': Marriott hotel workers' strike hits eight US cities". The Guardian. Retrieved November 3, 2018.
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  41. ^ Levin, Annie (June 2, 2021). "How NYU's Grad Student Union Went on Strike—and Won". The Progressive. Retrieved August 20, 2021.
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  43. ^ "Cook County Nurses Go On Strike Over Staffing Issues". WBBM-TV. June 24, 2021. Retrieved June 25, 2021.
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  45. ^ Fowler, Lilly (September 16, 2021). "Thousands of carpenters in Washington state on strike". KNKX. Retrieved September 23, 2021.
  46. ^ Leon, Luis (September 15, 2021). "After Voting Down Four Tentative Agreements, Washington Carpenters Strike". Labor Notes. Retrieved September 23, 2021.
  47. ^ "UPDATE 1-Strike at UPM's Finnish mills extended to April" (Digital). Reuters. February 24, 2022. Retrieved April 8, 2022.
  48. ^ Mount, Guy Emerson (28 December 2015). "When Slaves Go on Strike: W.E.B. Du Bois's Black Reconstruction 80 Years Later". Black Perspectives. Archived from the original on 31 May 2016. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
  49. ^ Valenzuela, Ricardo R. Gonzales; Tampa Historical Team. "1901 Workers' Strike - Tampa's First General Strike". Tampa Historical. Retrieved 2021-05-15.
  50. ^ Lakey, George; Ensign, Olivia. "Cubans general strike to overthrow president, 1933". Global Nonviolent Action Database. Retrieved 2021-07-04.
  51. ^ Miller-Walfish, Summer (December 22, 2010). "Ecuadorians general strike against President Mera, 1933". Global Nonviolent Action Database. Retrieved 2021-07-04.
  52. ^ "1972: The Quebec general strike". Archived from the original on 9 April 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
  53. ^ "The largest labour protest in Canadian history". Canadian Labour Congress. 14 October 2018.
  54. ^ Léger, Raymond. "October 14, 1976 – the Saint John General Strike". Frank & Ella Hatheway Labour Exhibit Centre. Archived from the original on 9 April 2021. Retrieved 6 May 2017.
  55. ^ Derby, Mark (11 March 2010). "Strikes and labour disputes - The decline of the arbitration system". Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand.
  56. ^ "Factories go out but offices and shops go on". The Press. 21 September 1979. p. 1.
  57. ^ "1984: Uruguay General Strike | libcom.org". libcom.org. Retrieved 2023-07-25.
  58. ^ "Moroccans general strike for higher wages, 1990". Global Nonviolent Action Database. Retrieved 2021-07-04.
  59. ^ Slusher, Margaret (March 21, 2013). "Danish workers conduct general strike for gains in wages, jobs, and vacation days, 1998". Global Nonviolent Action Database. Retrieved September 23, 2021.
  60. ^ Grevatt, Martha (14 January 2019). "All-India General Strike is largest in world history". Archived from the original on 6 February 2022. Retrieved 6 February 2022.
  61. ^ Konstantinidis, Alkis (June 10, 2021). "Thousands of Greeks protest 'monstrous' labour reform bill". Reuters. Retrieved June 25, 2021.
  62. ^ Wintour, Patrick (December 6, 2022). "Iran: Mass strike starts as shopkeepers and lorry drivers across 40 cities participate in mass walkout". Business & Human Rights Resource Centre. Retrieved December 16, 2022.

Further reading edit

  • Labor conflict in the United States, An encyclopedia. edited by Ronald Filippelli, assisted by Carol Reilly – Garland Publishing New York & London 1990 (ISBN 0-8240-7968-X)

External links edit

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