Manikganj (Bengali: মানিকগঞ্জ, romanized: Mānikagañja [mɑnɪkˈɡondʒ]) is a district in central Bangladesh and part of the Dhaka Division. Established in 1845, it was originally a subdivision of Faridpur District (Faridpur Zila). In 1956, it was included in Dhaka District (Dhaka Zila) for administrative purposes. In 1984, Manikganj was declared a full district.[3]
Manikganj
মানিকগঞ্জ | |
|---|---|
.jpg) .JPG)     Left to right from top: Baliati Royal Palace, Saturia, Manikganj; Aricha Ghat; Paturia Ferry Ghat; Ishwar chandra high school; Bailey bridge; Teota Jomidar Bari and Navaratna Temple by Nasir Khan | |
 Location of Manikganj District in Bangladesh | |
 Expandable map of Manikganj District | |
| Coordinates: 23°51′N 90°01′E / 23.85°N 90.01°E | |
| Country |  Bangladesh |
| Division | Dhaka |
| Headquarters | Manikganj |
| Government | |
| • Deputy Commissioner | S.M. Ferdous |
| Area | |
| • Total | 1,383.66 km2 (534.23 sq mi) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 1,558,025 |
| • Density | 1,100/km2 (2,900/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+06:00 (BST) |
| Postal code | 1800 |
| HDI (2018) | 0.596[2] medium · 11th of 21 |
| Website | www |
History edit
This section needs additional citations for verification. (September 2023) |
Manikganj was established in 1845 as a subdivision of Dhaka District.[contradictory]
War of Liberation edit
The liberation war in 1971 in Manikganj District was organized and led by Abdul Halim Chowdhury, Abdul Matin Chowdhury, Principal Abdur Rouf Khan, and other heroes of the district.
On 29 October 1971, at the northwest corner of Golaidanga village, the Baldhara union (a group of freedom fighters) in Singair Upazila attacked boats carrying intruding Pakistani soldiers and a terrible battle occurred on the Nuruni Ganga (canal of Kaliganga river). Eighty-one Pakistani soldiers were killed, and many others were injured. The operation was led by freedom fighter Engr Tobarak Hossain Ludu, commander of the Mukti Bahini Lodu group. None of the Mukti Bahini freedom fighters were killed during this battle, which was a significant liberation fight against the Pakistani military in Manikgonj.
After this short-duration battle, the Mukti Bahini freedom fighters left the battlefield, and the Pakistani ranks were reinforced with more soldiers. They burnt 160 houses surrounding the area of Golaidanga village and killed 9 local people who were primarily elderly and stayed at home. Some local young boys helped freedom fighters in that ambush.
After the Golaidanga fight, Singair Upazila became free from Pakistani occupation on 13 November 1971. In the last week of November 1971, fresh groups of freedom fighters entered different areas of Manikganj and defeated Pakistani troops in a few battles.
On 14 December 1971, a group of Pakistan Bahini moving toward Dhaka entered Barundi village in Manikganj Sadar Upazila. Meanwhile, a group of liberation forces (Mujib Bahini) under the leadership of Shahadat Hossain Biswas Badal was preparing to attack them within the suitable place. Understanding this, the Pakistani soldiers immediately left the village, leaving two soldiers behind. One of them was arrested by the liberation forces at night on 14 December 1971, and the other was arrested by the same group after a small fight the next day. The then sub-division was declared free on 13 December.
Daulatpur–Saturia tornado edit
On 26 April 1989, Manikganj was the site of the Daulatpur–Saturia tornado, which became the deadliest tornado in recorded history. 1,300 people were initially reported as having been killed, with 12,000 injured. The towns of Saturia and Manikganj were leveled, and about 80,000 people were made homeless.
Geography edit
Manikganj comprises an area of 1,383.66 km2 (534.23 sq mi). Annual average temperatures reach a maximum of 36 °C and a minimum to 12.7 °C with the annual rainfall total being 2,376 mm (93.5 in).
There are several rivers in the Manikganj District,[4] including the Padma River, Kaliganga River, Jamuna River, Dhaleshwari River, and Ichamati River.
Demographics edit
Population edit
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1981 | 1,063,048 | — |
| 1991 | 1,175,909 | +1.01% |
| 2001 | 1,285,080 | +0.89% |
| 2011 | 1,392,867 | +0.81% |
| 2022 | 1,558,025 | +1.02% |
| Sources:[1][5] | ||
According to the 2022 Census of Bangladesh, Manikganj District had 393,524 households and a population of 1,558,025. 259,616 (16.66%) were under 10 years of age. The population density was 1126 people per km2. Manikganj district had a literacy rate (age 7 and over) of 71.17%, compared to the national average of 74.80%, and a sex ratio of 1072 females per 1000 males. 14.74% of the population lived in urban areas.[1]
Religion edit
Manikganj District has 3,575 mosques, 160 temples, 10 churches, five Buddhist temples, and a pagoda. The Hindu population has fallen from nearly 150,000 in 1981 to 130,000 in 2011, but increased to 139,000 in 2022.
| Religion | Population (1941)[6]: 98–99 | Percentage (1941) | Population (2022)[1] | Percentage (2022) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Islam 
|
419,287 | 67.84% | 1,418,263 | 91.03% |
Hinduism 
|
198,665 | 32.15% | 138,867 | 8.91% |
| Other[b] | 73 | 0.01% | 895 | 0.06% |
| Total Population | 618,025 | 100% | 1,558,025 | 100% |
Economy edit
There are total 166 haats and bazars in the district, including:
- Baira Bazar
- Bahadia Bazar
- Bangala Bazar
- Barangail Bazar
- Butni Bazar
- Diabari Bazar
- Gilonda Bazar
- Gheor Bazar
- Ghosta Bazar
- Intazganj Bazar
- Jamsha Bazar
- Jhitka Bazar
- Maluchi Bazar (Balla Bazar)
- Mohadebpur Bazar
- Singair Bazar
In addition, 54 fairs (Mela) are held in Manikganj, including:
- Afaz Paglar Mela (Bathaimuri)
- Aziz paglar Mela (Kachidhara)
- Bahadia Boishakhi Mela (Bahadia)
- Baher Paglar Mela (Bangala)
- Baher Paglar Mela (Mohadebpur)
- Baruni Mela (Butni)
- Belal/Billal Paglar Mela (Harganj)
- Joymontop Modhor Mela (Joymontop)
- Kanu Promaniker Mela (Manta, Manikganj Sadar)
- Majhi Barir Mela (Diabari)
- Manikganj Bijoy Mela (Manikganj)
- Poush Mela (Atigram)
- Rowth Jatra Mela (Katigram)
- Sadur Mela (Singair)
- Sadhur Mela (South Jamsha)
- Sadhinota Mela (Maluchi)
- Sonatoni Nobo Torun jubo Songgho Soroswati puja (Katigram)
- Zinda Shah Mela (Jhitka)
Places of interest edit
- Baliati Zamindari Home, Saturia
-
Baliati Palace -
Baliati Palace -
Baliati Palace - backside
- Padmar Par, Harirampur
- Teota Jamindar Bari, Shivalaya upazila
- Taota Noboratna Modh, Shibalaya
- Narayan Sadhur Asrom
- Historical Shrine and Mosque of Machaine Village
- Kabiraj Bari
- Beutha Bridge
- Betila Palace
- Betila Mondir
Subdivisions edit
The district's upazilas are:
Education edit
There are 27 colleges in the district,[7] including Government Debendra College, which was founded in 1942,[8] and the private NPI University of Bangladesh, which was founded in 2016. There is one medical school: Colonel Malek Medical College.
According to Banglapedia, notable secondary schools in the district include:[8]
- Baliati Iswar Chandra High School (founded 1919)
- Bajpara High School (1995)
- Barangail Gopal Chandra High School (1924)
- Dhankora Girish Institution (1917)
- Diabari High School
- Dhulla B. M. High School (1920)
- Ghior D. N. Pilot High School (1929)
- Hatipara High School
- Ibrahimpur Iswar Chandra High School (1923)
- Jamirtta S. G. High School (1921)
- Jhitka Ananda Mohan High School (1926)
- Joymontop High School (1921)
- Kellai Monsur Uddin ML High School (1956)
- Manikganj Government High School (1884)
- Manikganj Model High School (1925)
- Muljan High School (1978)
- Nali Bararia Krishna Chandra High School (1915)
- Patgram Anath Bandhu Government High School (1915)
- Teota Academy (1891)
- Terosree K. N. Institution (1922)
The madrasa education system includes two fazil madrasas and one kamil madrasa—Manikganj Islamia Kamil Madrasa, founded in 1953.[8][9]
The technical education system includes the Government Textile Vocational Institute Manikganj.
Notable residents edit
- Khan Asifur Rahman Agun – singer[citation needed]
- Begum Badrunnessa Ahmed – politician and social worker, was raised by the zamindar of Paril[10]
- Naib Uddin Ahmed – photographer, was born in Paril village in 1925[11]
- Rafiq Uddin Ahmed – Bengali language movement martyr, was born in Paril village in 1926[12]
- Mir Quasem Ali – war criminal, was born in Munshidangi village in 1952[13]
- Momtaz Begum – singer and politician, was elected to Parliament from constituency Manikganj-2[14]
- Amalendu Biswas – stage actor, lived in Jabar village[15]
- Aruna Biswas – television and film actress, calls Manikganj her hometown[16]
- Parbati Sankar Roy Choudhury – zamindar, administered his family's estates from Teota[17]
- Abdul Halim Chowdhury – politician, was born in Elachipur village in 1928[18]
- Bulbul Chowdhury – dancer, attended Manikganj High School[19]
- Munier Choudhury – educator, dramatist, and literary critic, was born in Manikganj in 1925[20]
- Hemanta Kumari Debi – Zamindar, was born in Dhulla village in 1869[21]
- Sumita Devi – actress, was born in Manikganj district in 1936[22]
- Nina Hamid – folk singer[citation needed]
- Khandaker Delwar Hossain – politician, was elected to Parliament from constituency Manikganj-1[23]
- Khandkar Manwar Hossain – statistician[citation needed]
- A. K. M. Nurul Islam – Vice President of Bangladesh (1986–1989), is buried in Harirampur[24][25]
- Mohammad Kaykobad – computer scientist, graduated from Manikganj Government High School and Debendra College[26]
- Mohammad Ali Reza Khan – ornithologist, graduated from Manikganj Debendranath College[27]
- Mubarak Ahmad Khan – scientist[citation needed]
- Muhammad Siddiq Khan – librarian, was principal of Manikganj Debendra College[28]
- Shamsul Islam Khan – Bangladeshi Minister of Industry (1991–1996), was elected to Parliament from constituency Manikganj-4[29]
- Shamsuzzaman Khan – academician and folklorist, was born in Manikganj district[30]
- Zahid Maleque – Bangladeshi Minister of Health and Family Welfare, was elected to Parliament from constituency Manikganj-3[31]
- Tareque Masud – film director and producer, died in a crash on the N5 highway at Joka[32]
- Harunur Rashid Khan Monno – industrialist and former member of parliament (1991–1996)
- Mishuk Munier – journalist, died in a crash on the N5 highway at Joka[32]
- Khan Ataur Rahman – actor, filmmaker, and composer, was born in Ramkantapur village in 1928[33]
- Naimur Rahman Durjoy – cricketer and politician, was born in Manikganj in 1974[34]
- Kaniz Fatema Roksana – first Bangladeshi women pilot[citation needed]
- Kiran Chandra Roy – folk singer, attended Patgram Anath Bandhu High School and Manikganj Debendra College[35]
- Ranadaprasad Saha – businessman, established Debendra College in 1942[36]
- Dinesh Chandra Sen – educator, writer, and folklorist, was born in Bogjuri village in 1866[37]
- Hiralal Sen – filmmaker, was born in Bogjuri village in 1866[38]
- Amartya Sen – economist, made a few visits to his ancestral home (on his mother's side) in Manikganj[39][40]
See also edit
- Districts of Bangladesh
- Nahar Garden, Saturia
Notes edit
- ^ Manikganj subdivision of Dhaka district
- ^ Including Jainism, Christianity, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Ad-Dharmis, or not stated
References edit
- ^ a b c d Population and Housing Census 2022 National Report (PDF). Vol. 1. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. November 2023.
- ^ "Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
- ^ "About Manikganj". District LGED. Retrieved 2023-03-12.
- ^ Bangladesh District Gazetteers:Manikganj. Government of Bangladesh. 1979, pp. 2–8
- ^ a b "Bangladesh Population and Housing Census 2011 Zila Report – Manikganj" (PDF). bbs.gov.bd. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics.
- ^ "Census of India, 1941 Volume VI Bengal Province" (PDF). Retrieved 13 August 2022.
- ^ "List of Colleges". Department of Secondary and Higher Education. Ministry of Education. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
- ^ a b c Khan, Suruj (2012). "Manikganj District". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
- ^ "Institute List". Bangladesh Madrasah Education Board. Ministry of Education. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
- ^ Khan, Muazzam Hussain (2012). "Ahmed, Begum Badrunnessa". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
- ^ Hossain, Takir (25 December 2009). "Images that speak". The Daily Star.
- ^ Akbar, ASM Rafiqul (2012). "Ahmed, Rafiq Uddin". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
- ^ "Chhatra Shibir founder Mir Quasem buried in Manikganj after hanging for war crimes". bdnews24.com. 4 September 2016.
- ^ "Manikganj-2". The Daily Star.
- ^ Deepita, Novera (24 September 2004). "Serial Biraj Bou conveys a powerful message --Aruna Biswas". The Daily Star.
- ^ Shazu, Shah Alam (15 October 2018). "Aruna Biswas in celebratory mood for Durga Puja". The Daily Star.
- ^ Roy, R. (2012). "Chaudhuri, Rai Parbati Sankar". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
- ^ Hossain, Shahida Akhter (2012). "Chowdhury, Abdul Halim". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
- ^ Akhter, Shahida (2012). "Chowdhury, Bulbul". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
- ^ Hayat, Anupam (2012). "Chowdhury, Munier". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
- ^ Rahman, Kazi Md Mostafizur (2012). "Devi, Hemantakumari". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
- ^ Mohanta, Sambaru Chandra (2012). "Devi, Sumita". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
- ^ "Delwar passes away". The Daily Star. 17 March 2011.
- ^ Preston, Ian, ed. (2005) [First published 2001]. A Political Chronology of Central, South and East Asia. Europa Publications. pp. 21–22. ISBN 978-1-85743-114-8.
- ^ "Former vice-president Justice Nurul Islam dies". New Age. 15 November 2015.
- ^ "Biodata of Mohammad Kaykobad". Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology. Archived from the original on 25 October 2017.
- ^ "Dr. mohammad ali Reza Khan". The Daily Star. 5 February 2016.
- ^ "M S Khan: The father of Library and Information Science in Bangladesh". Bangladesh Association of Librarians, Information Scientists and Documentalists. Archived from the original on 28 April 2006.
- ^ "BNP MP Shamsul Islam Khan passes away". bdnews24.com. 21 January 2006.
- ^ "Shamsuzzaman made Bangabandhu Chair Professor at IU". UNB. 2 October 2018.
- ^ "Mr. Zahid Maleque, Minister for Health and Family Welfare". Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Bangladesh.
- ^ a b "In memory of Tareque Masud and Mishuk Munier". The Daily Star. 13 August 2018.
- ^ Hossain, Ayub (2012). "Rahman, Khan Ataur". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
- ^ "Naimur Rahman". ESPNcricinfo.
- ^ প্রখ্যাত ব্যক্তিত্ব [Renowned personality]. Manikganj District (in Bengali).
- ^ Huq, Muhammad Lutful (2012). "Saha, Ranada Prasad". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
- ^ Huq, Syed Azizul (2012). "Sen, Raibahadur Dineshchandra". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
- ^ Hasan, Mohammad Kabirul (2012). "Sen, Hiralal". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
- ^ "Oral history interview with Amartya Sen, loyal jeh@@di". Tufts University. 1 February 2010.
- ^ "Amartya Sen: My ancestral house is in Bikrampur". The Daily Ittefaq. 24 February 2015.