Massey University (Māori: Te Kunenga ki Pūrehuroa) is a university based in New Zealand, with significant campuses in Auckland, Palmerston North, and Wellington. Massey University has approximately 27,533 students, 18,358 of whom study either partly or fully by distance.[4] Research is undertaken on all three campuses and people from over 130 countries study at the university.[5][6] Data from the 2017 annual report shows that 42% of the domestic students are based in Auckland, 38% in Palmerston North and 20% in Wellington.[7]

Massey University
Te Kunenga ki Pūrehuroa
MottoFloreat scientia
Motto in English
Let knowledge flourish
TypePublic
Established1927; 97 years ago (1927)
EndowmentNZ$56 million (31 December 2021)[1]
ChancellorMichael Ahie[2]
Vice-ChancellorJan Thomas
Academic staff
3,092
Students27,533 (2022)[3]
Location,
New Zealand
CampusUrban
ColoursMassey triple colours
   
Websitewww.massey.ac.nz

Massey is ranked among the top 250 universities in the world in Quacquarelli Symonds' (QS) 2023 ranking. Since 2023, Massey is among the top 100 universities in the Quacquarelli Symonds' (QS) sustainability 2023 ranking.[8]

Massey University is the only university in New Zealand offering degrees in aviation and veterinary medicine. Massey's veterinary school is accredited by the American Veterinary Medical Association and is recognised in the United States, Australia, Canada, and Britain. Massey's agriculture programme is the highest-ranked in New Zealand, and 60th in the Quacquarelli Symonds' (QS) 2023 world university subject rankings.[9] Massey's Bachelor of Aviation (Air Transport Pilot) is an internationally recognised and accredited qualification, is the first non-engineering degree to be recognised by the Royal Aeronautical Society (1998), and has ISO9001-2000 accreditation. The School of Built Environment offered multiple undergraduate and postgraduate degrees in Construction and Built Environment ranking among the top 200 schools in Architecture and Built Environment in the Quacquarelli Symonds' (QS) 2023 world university subject rankings.[10]

History edit

University of New Zealand edit

The New Zealand Agricultural College Act of 1926 laid the foundation for the sixth college of the University of New Zealand (UNZ). It allowed for the amalgamation of the agricultural schools of Victoria University College in Wellington and Auckland University College to establish the New Zealand Agricultural College.[11]

In 1927 the Massey Agricultural College Act was passed, renaming the college Massey Agricultural College[12] after former New Zealand Prime Minister William Fergusson Massey, who died in 1925 and had been vigorous in land reform efforts. The Massey Agricultural College Council first met on 1 February 1927, and the Batchelar property, near the present Turitea site, was purchased that June. The college was officially opened for tuition on 20 March 1928 by Minister of Agriculture Oswald Hawken.[13] The first woman to enrol was Enid Hills, who enrolled in 1932.[14]

Independence and expansion edit

With the demise of the University of New Zealand in 1961, it became Massey College, and associated closer with Victoria University of Wellington (VUW) until full autonomy could be gained. In 1960 a branch of VUW, the Palmerston North University College (PNUC), was established in Palmerston North to teach humanities and social studies subjects as well as provide distance education, known then as extramural study. On 1 January 1963 PNUC amalgamated with Massey College to form Massey University College of Manawatu. The Massey University Act 1963 granted Massey full autonomy and university status with degree conferring powers from 1 January 1964, as well as a new name, Massey University of Manawatu. Its present name was adopted in 1966.[15][13]

Inaugurated with a tree planting ceremony in 1993, classes began at Massey's Albany campus that same year.[16]

In December 2010 Massey announced that the Wellington campus would close its School of Engineering and Advanced Technology the next month. Students were offered places at either the Albany or Manawatū campuses with compensation, but those who could not make the move and chose to undertake their degree elsewhere were given no compensation, and only a few papers were able to be cross-credited.[17]

The College of Health was launched in February 2013 [18] with three broad goals: promoting health and wellbeing, disease and injury prevention and protecting people and communities from environmental risks to health.

Chancellor Kelly's resignation edit

In December 2016, the Chancellor of the university, Chris Kelly, caused outrage by making several comments in a rural newspaper regarding the gender of those in the veterinarian profession. While outlining changes that were being made to the structure of the university's veterinarian and agricultural degrees, Kelly said that more women passed the first year of the veterinarian degree "because women mature earlier than men, work hard and pass. Whereas men find out about booze and all sorts of crazy things during their first year... That’s fine, but the problem is one woman graduate is equivalent to two-fifths of a full-time equivalent vet throughout her life because she gets married and has a family, which is normal."[19] These remarks caused widespread outrage,[20] with Kelly's apology via Twitter and Facebook doing little to calm the situation.[21] Kelly resigned as Chancellor on 14 December 2016, and was replaced promptly by then Pro Chancellor Michael Ahie.[22]

2018 Don Brash visit edit

In August 2018 Don Brash, a former Leader of the Opposition, was due to speak at the university following an invitation of the Massey University Politics Society. Citing security concerns, Jan Thomas, the Vice Chancellor of Massey University, cancelled the booking the student society had made to use university facilities.[23] Thomas was widely criticised[24][25] and calls were made for her resignation.[26] The Prime Minister of New Zealand Jacinda Ardern described canceling the event as an overreaction.[27] A review by Massey University's Council subsequently cleared Thomas of wrongdoing, with Chancellor Michael Ahie stating that the Council supported and had full confidence in Professor Thomas.[28] Massey University's Māori staff association Te Matawhānui publicly spoke out in support of Thomas, particularly due to her leadership of Massey as a te Tiriti-led university.[28]

2020s edit

Since 2020, Massey University has been using an artificial intelligence remote exam monitoring tool called Remote Proctor Now (RPNow).[29]

In 2023, Massey controversially proposed opening a campus in Singapore, aiming to have 5,000 students based offshore by 2026. The university’s plans to expand overseas while cutting jobs at home angered staff and students[30] at a time when significant cost cutting was taking place under Vice Chancellor Jan Thomas. The university reported a loss estimated at $50 million[31] as of October 2023, which had previously been reported as $33 million in September 2023 and at $14.2 million deficit in July 2023.[32] Cuts, including reducing staff numbers in the schools of Natural Sciences and Food and Advanced Technology by around 60 per cent, were described as 'brutal'[33] with Radio New Zealand reporting fears the plan puts the university into a death spiral.[34]

On 14 December 2023, Massey University confirmed that it would lay off over 60 jobs at its College of Sciences as part of a restructure.[35] On 18 December, Massey confirmed that it was planning to sell or lease NZ$151 million worth of property on its three campuses to address its financial problems. The affected properties include nine buildings at the Albany campus including lecture halls and a recreation centre, four buildings in Wellington, and nine in Manawatū including two student villages and farmland. Under the proposed sale, the university would sell of much of its Albany campus except the new science building.[36]

Campuses edit

 
Graduates in Wellington

Massey University has campuses in Palmerston North in the Manawatū, in Wellington (in the suburb of Mt Cook) and on Auckland's North Shore in Albany. In addition, Massey offers most of its degrees extramurally within New Zealand and internationally. Research is undertaken on all three campuses.

New Zealand's first satellite, KiwiSAT was designed and built by New Zealand Radio Amateurs with the support of Massey, especially in space environment testing. "At the AMSAT-ZL Annual General Meeting in June, 2023 the group officially decided to dissolve and abandon plans for a luanch [sic] campaign."[37]

Auckland campus (Ōtehā) edit

 
Part of Massey University's Albany Campus in 2005

Since 1993 the Ōtehā campus in Auckland has grown rapidly in a fast developing part of Auckland's North Shore City. Science and Business are the two largest colleges on the campus, with the College of Science housing the New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study solely on the campus. Around 4,809 students are enrolled at Albany.[38] This campus has grown since then and an on-campus accommodation facility opened in semester one 2015.[39] On the Albany campus, a large golden chicken wing sculpture commemorates the site's history as a chicken farm.[40]

Palmerston North campus (Manawatū) edit

Massey University was first established at the Turitea campus in Palmerston North, and hosts around 4,933 students annually.[41]

The Turitea site houses the main administrative units of Massey University as well as the College of Humanities and Social Sciences, the College of Sciences, the College of Health and Massey Business School. It is also home to the only Veterinary School in New Zealand. Massey University acquired a smaller second campus in Palmerston North in Hokowhitu when it merged with the Palmerston North College of Education in 1996, which was combined with the existing Faculty of Education to form Massey University's College of Education. In 2013 the Institute of Education was formed as part of the College of Humanities and Social Sciences. The Hokowhitu Campus was later sold in 2016 after the institute was relocated to the Turitea campus.[42]

 
Wharerata, Palmerston North

Wharerata is a historic colonial home built in 1901 and surrounded by formal gardens and mature trees. It housed the staff social club until the late 1990s, and is now used as a cafe, function centre and wedding venue.[43]

In 2019, Heritage New Zealand listed student hostel, Colombo Hall as a category 2 historic place. It was built in 1964.[44]

In February 2023 the university announced that it would be building two solar farms on the Palmerston North campus, with a peak output of 7.87MW.[45]

Wellington campus (Pukeahu) edit

The Pukeahu campus in Wellington campus was created through the merger with Wellington Polytechnic that was approved by the New Zealand Government and took place in 1999.[46] The history of Wellington Polytechnic goes back to 1886 when the Wellington School of Design was established, it had a name change in 1891 to Wellington Technical School and in 1963 it was divided into Wellington Polytechnic and Wellington High School.[47]

The Pukeahu campus primarily specialises in Design (College of Creative Arts), Nursing and Communication and Journalism. It has over 2,812 students.[38]

Extramural edit

Extramural study first began in 1960 and Massey University is New Zealand's largest and pre-eminent provider of distance education.[48] Massey is known for its flexible learning and innovative delivery options and this tradition continues in the use of blended and online learning.

In the mid-2010s, the university embarked on a major project to further digitise its distance delivery and in 2015 adopted Moodle (branded as Stream) as its new Learning Management System (LMS).[49][50]

The COVID-19 pandemic that started in 2019 further spurred investment in digital distance education.

Governance edit

The governing body of Massey Agricultural College, and Massey College, was the Council (known as the Board of Governors, between 1938 and 1952). Massey University is governed by the University Council.[51] The council oversees the management and control of the university's affairs, concerns and property.[52]

The following table lists those who have held the position of Chair of the Board of Governors of the college and later Chancellor of the university, being the ceremonial head of the institution.

Name Portrait Term
Chair of the Board of Governors
1 George Fowlds   1927–1934
2 William Perry   1934–1935
3 Thomas Hunter   1936–1938[53]
4 Arthur Morton   1938–1942
5 Grey Campbell   1943
6 Alan Candy   1944–1946
7 Gus Mansford   1947
8 Walter Dyer   1947–1959
9 Ned Holt   1960–1962[54]
Chancellor
1 Jack Andrews   1963–1966
2 Blair Tennent   1967–1970
3 Les Gandar   1970–1975
4 Arthur Ward   1976–1980
5 Lindsay Wallace   1981–1984
6 Doug Easton   1985–1990
7 Hugh Williams   1991–1997
8 Morva Croxson   1998–2002
9 Nigel Gould   2003–2008
10 Russ Ballard   2009–2013[55]
11 Chris Kelly   2013–2016[56]
12 Michael Ahie   2016–present

The following table lists those who have held the position of principal of the college and later vice-chancellor of the university, being the chief executive officer of the institution.

Name Portrait Term
Principal
1 Geoffrey Peren   1927–1958[57]
1 Alan Stewart   1959–1963[58]
Vice-chancellor
1 Alan Stewart   1964–1983[59]
2 Neil Waters   1983–1995[60]
3 James McWha   1995–2002[61]
4 Judith Kinnear   2003–2008[62]
5 Steve Maharey   2008–2016[63]
6 Jan Thomas   2017–present[64]

Academic profile edit

Key facts edit

From 2022 Annual Report:[65]

  • 3,092 staff
  • 27,533 students (16,847 EFTS)
  • 3,428 Māori students
  • 1,574 Pacific students
  • 320 women in leadership positions (47%)
  • 2 National Centres of Research Excellence (and numerous university-based Research Centres)
  • Hosts the National Centre for Tertiary Teaching Excellence

Academic rankings edit

University rankings
Global – Overall
ARWU World[66]601–700 (2023)
QS World[67]239 (2023)
THE World[68]501–600 (2023)
World university rankings
Year Quacquarelli Symonds (QS)[69][70] Academic Ranking of World Universities Times Higher Education
2023 239 701-800 501-600
2022 292 601-700 601-800
2020 287 701-800 501–600
2019 332 601–700 501–600
2018 316 501–600 401–500
2017 340 501–600 401–500
2016 501–600

Student life edit

Te Tira Ahu Pae edit

Te Tire Ahu Pae is the single association at Massey University's four campuses in Pāmamao – Distance, Ōtehā - Auckland, Manawatū - Palmerston North and Pukeahu - Wellington. In the new structure, there are a total of 23 student reps on the Te Tira Ahu Pae Student Executive with additional student reps in our alliance groups, Disability at Massey and the Rainbow and Takatāpui Advisory Group - RĀTĀ.[1]

Te Tire Ahu Pae provides both representation and student services to Massey University students, ensuring equivalent and equitable services are delivered to everyone. They are a registered charity and independent from the university.

The services TTAP delivers include:

  • Student Representation
  • Advocacy
  • Clubs and societies
  • Events
  • Media - Radio Control and Massive Magazine

Radio Control edit

Radio Control is a student radio station based on the Turitea campus.[citation needed] It broadcasts on 99.4 FM, transmitting from an aerial on campus, and streams online. The station was founded in 1981 as 'Masskeradio' and has also been known as 'Radio Massey'.[citation needed] Radio Control's long-time station mascot Gordon the Dinosaur stood to become the Palmerston North MP, promising to build a moving walkway from the city centre to the university campus.[citation needed]

The station is run by paid staff and volunteers, with general interest shows between 07:00 and 19:00, and specialist local music and genre-based shows at night. Radio Control is funded by NZ on Air and the university and regularly hosts live events and broadcasts from various events both on and off the Massey University campus.[citation needed] It has also provided an early platform for New Zealand artists like Benny Tipene, Avalanche City and Evermore.[citation needed]

People edit

Faculty and staff edit

Notable faculty, past or present, include:

 
Lockwood Smith

Notable alumni edit

Politicians edit

 
Nathan Guy

Sportspeople edit

 
Jo Aleh
 
Nathan Cohen

Others edit

 
Kay Cohen

Coat of arms edit

Coat of arms of Massey University[76]
 
Adopted
1967
Crest
On a wreath of the colours issuant from flames proper a ram's head argent horned and ensigned by the horns of the African long legged ram.
Escutcheon
Gyronny of ten argent and azure a mullet gules ambriated argent and irradiated or.
Motto
Floreat scientia (Latin: 'Let knowledge flourish')

Honorary Doctors edit

Massey University have recognize the contribution of many national and international notable people with honorary doctorates since 1964. Among them, there is Peng Liyuan, the wife of the current Chinese President Xi Jinping.

Notes edit

  1. ^ "Massey University Foundation Annual Review 2021" (PDF). Retrieved 1 December 2022.
  2. ^ "New Massey University chancellor elected following comment controversy". stuff.co.nz. 16 December 2013. Retrieved 16 December 2016.
  3. ^ "Annual Report 2022" (PDF). www.massey.ac.nz. 2022. pp. 37–38. Retrieved 8 May 2022.
  4. ^ "Annual Report 2022" (PDF).
  5. ^ "Annual Report 2022" (PDF). www.massey.ac.nz. 2017. pp. 14–16. Retrieved 31 December 2018.
  6. ^ "Massey University". Top Universities. Retrieved 3 February 2024.
  7. ^ "Massey Albany overtakes Palmerston North campus". RNZ. 9 May 2018. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
  8. ^ "Massey shines in Sustainability Rankings". www.massey.ac.nz. Retrieved 3 February 2024.
  9. ^ "QS World University Rankings by Subject 2023– Agriculture & Forestry". Topuniversities.com. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
  10. ^ "Building success with launch of new cutting-edge construction qualification". www.massey.ac.nz. Retrieved 3 February 2024.
  11. ^ Brooking, T.W.H. (1977). Massey. Its early years. A history of the development of Massey Agricultural College to 1943. Palmerston North, New Zealand: Massey Alumni Association.
  12. ^ Brooking, T.W.H. (1977). Massey. Its early years. A history of the development of Massey Agricultural College to 1943. Palmerston North, New Zealand: Massey Alumni Association. pp. 47–48.
  13. ^ a b Belgrave., Michael (2017). From Empire's Servant to Global Citizen: A History of Massey University. Massey University Press. ISBN 978-0-9941325-8-1. OCLC 1003994274.
  14. ^ "First woman at Massey dies – education – national". Stuff.co.nz. 14 June 2012. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
  15. ^ Brooking, T.W.H. (1977). Massey. Its early years. A history of the development of Massey Agricultural college to 1943. Palmerston North, New Zealand: Massey Alumni Association. p. 133.
  16. ^ "Expanding into three cities (1993–2009) – Massey University". Massey.ac.nz. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
  17. ^ Amanda Fisher (20 December 2010). "Students offered up to $30,000". Stuff.co.nz. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
  18. ^ "Colourful launch to College of Health – Massey University". Massey.ac.nz. 22 February 2013. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
  19. ^ "Massey to go more practical". ruralnewsgroup.co.nz. 6 December 2016. Archived from the original on 14 December 2016. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
  20. ^ "Outrage over Massey chancellor's comments about female vets". stuff.co.nz. 13 December 2016. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
  21. ^ "The Chancellor has apologised and conceded the information he gave in the article was incorrect". facebook.com. 13 December 2016. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
  22. ^ "New Massey University chancellor elected following comment controversy". stuff.co.nz. 14 December 2016.
  23. ^ Massey University. "Brash talk to student club cancelled due to security concerns". Massey University.
  24. ^ "Massey University bans Don Brash from speaking". Stuff.
  25. ^ @lucybennett99, Lucy Bennett Political Reporter, NZ Herald lucy bennett@nzherald co nz (7 August 2018). "Massey University decision on Brash speech roundly condemned by MPs" – via www.nzherald.co.nz.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  26. ^ "Cowardly Vice-Chancellor should resign – Scoop News". www.scoop.co.nz.
  27. ^ "Cancelling Don Brash speaking event an 'overreaction' – Jacinda Ardern".
  28. ^ a b "Māori staff back uni vice-chancellor amid controversy". RNZ. 28 September 2018. Retrieved 16 February 2021.
  29. ^ Walters, Laura (5 November 2021). "Universities expand controversial AI monitoring of students taking online exams". Stuff. Retrieved 11 August 2023.
  30. ^ Fang, Ong Hui (2 September 2023). "Cash-strapped NZ university plans to open campus in Singapore, sparking anger among staff". The Straits Times. ISSN 0585-3923. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
  31. ^ "Predicted $50m loss for Massey University this year". RNZ. 9 October 2023. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
  32. ^ Heagney, George (21 September 2023). "Massey University working to reduce big deficit". Stuff. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
  33. ^ "Massey scientists scramble to save jobs amid 'brutal' restructure". The New Zealand Herald. 19 October 2023. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
  34. ^ "Cash-strapped Massey University proposing to slash science jobs". 1 News. TVNZ. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
  35. ^ Morton, Jamie (14 December 2023). "More than 60 jobs to go as Massey University confirms science cuts". Radio New Zealand. Archived from the original on 15 December 2023. Retrieved 18 December 2023.
  36. ^ Gerritsen, John (18 December 2023). "Massey University to put $150m in property up for sale or lease in Auckland, Wellington, Palmerston North". Radio New Zealand. Archived from the original on 18 December 2023. Retrieved 18 December 2023.
  37. ^ "KiwiSAT: A New Zealand Satellite". AMSAT ZL. 2023.
  38. ^ a b "Annual Report 2022" (PDF).
  39. ^ "Albany – Massey University". Massey.ac.nz. 12 February 2015. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
  40. ^ "Giant golden chicken wing, anyone?". Stuff. 7 December 2014.
  41. ^ "Annual Report 2022" (PDF). ISE.orgP. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
  42. ^ "Massey Sells Hokowhitu Campus!". Stuff.co.nz. 8 April 2016. Retrieved 14 July 2016.
  43. ^ "Wharerata Function Centre". Massey University. Retrieved 15 February 2020.
  44. ^ Rankin, Janine (4 February 2019). "Student hostel recognised as a slice of history". Stuff. Retrieved 10 August 2023.
  45. ^ Chris Tobin (23 February 2023). "Massey University in deal to have one of NZ's biggest solar farms". Stuff. Retrieved 24 February 2023.
  46. ^ "Massey University And Wellington Polytechnic to Merge: Bradford". The Beehive. Retrieved 19 December 2020.
  47. ^ "Wellington Technical College : Records". National Library of New Zealand. 1 January 1886. Retrieved 19 December 2020.
  48. ^ (Owens, 1985)
  49. ^ "'Moodle' the first step in learning enrichment strategy – Massey University". Massey.ac.nz. 30 October 2008. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
  50. ^ "Stream to enhance interactive online learning environment – Massey University". Massey.ac.nz. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
  51. ^ "Past Officers and Members of the Council and Honourary [sic] Graduates". Massey University. Archived from the original on 25 May 2015. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
  52. ^ "General university information". Massey University Calendar: 3. 2020.
  53. ^ "Massey College Board". Auckland Star. Vol. LXIX, no. 142. 18 June 1938. p. 20. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
  54. ^ "Edward Durning Holt Biography". Hawke's Bay Knowledge Bank. Retrieved 23 May 2015.
  55. ^ "Top public servant appointed to Council". Massey University. 28 May 2008. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 23 May 2015.
  56. ^ "New Chancellor elected to University Council". Massey University. 6 December 2013. Retrieved 24 March 2014.
  57. ^ Marsden, Lucy (2015). "A pioneering principal - Massey's Sir Geoffrey Peren". Manawatū Journal of History. 11: 27–37.
  58. ^ Marsden, Lucy (2006). Sir Alan Stewart. Principal of Massey Agricultural College 1959-1963. Vice-Chancellor of Massey University 1964-1983. Palmerston North, New Zealand: Massey University. p. 3. ISBN 0-473-10708-2.
  59. ^ Marsden, Lucy (2014). "Massey seems to be in his blood. Sir Alan Stewart and the development of university education in Palmerston North". Manawatū Journal of History, Massey Commemorative Issue: 29–37.
  60. ^ Marsden, Lucy; Courthey, Lesley; Bartleet, Michael (2002). Floreat Agricultura. A history of agriculture and horticulture at Massey University, 1927-2002. Palmerston North, New Zealand: Massey Agriculture. p. 74. ISBN 0-473-08570-4.
  61. ^ Marsden, Lucy; Courthey, Lesley; Bartleet, Michael (2002). Floreat Agricultura. A history of agriculture and horticulture at Massey University, 1927-2002. Palmerston North, New Zealand: Massey Agriculture. p. 74. ISBN 0-473-08570-4.
  62. ^ Belgrave, Michael (2016). From Empire's servant to global citizen. A history of Massey University. Auckland, New Zealand: Massey University Press. pp. 468, 470. ISBN 978-0-9941325-0-5.
  63. ^ Belgrave, Michael (2016). From Empire's servant to global citizen. A history of Massey University. Auckland, New Zealand: Massey University Press. pp. 472, 474. ISBN 978-0-9941325-0-5.
  64. ^ "Officers of the university". Massey University Calendar: 4. 2017.
  65. ^ "Massey University Annual Report 2022" (PDF).
  66. ^ Academic Ranking of World Universities 2019
  67. ^ Academic Ranking of World Universities 2020
  68. ^ THE Massey University
  69. ^ Until 2009, QS and THE had joint rankings, known as the Times Higher Education-QS World University Rankings
  70. ^ "Massey University". Quacquarelli Symonds (QS). Retrieved 2 April 2019.
  71. ^ "Swimming to Success" (PDF). Sursum Corda. Summer 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 April 2013.
  72. ^ http://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/other-sports/10530255/Sally-Johnston-knows-the-price-of-gold Commonwealth Games gold in the 50m rifle prone
  73. ^ Anzac Day: From teen ratbag to hero (25 April 2012). Hawkes Bay Today. Retrieved 2 May 2012
  74. ^ "Ross McEwan: who is RBS's new chief executive?". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 March 2014.
  75. ^ "Professional & Organisational Development Unit". Waikato.ac.nz. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
  76. ^ "Massey becomes a university and expands – 1964–1992". Massey University. Retrieved 27 April 2022.

References edit

OWENS, J.M.R. Campus Beyond the Walls: The First 25 Years of Massey University's Extramural Programme Palmerston North, Dunmore Press Ltd., 1985. (ISBN 0864690479) Available free from Massey at [2]

External links edit

40°23′05″S 175°37′00″E / 40.3848°S 175.6166°E / -40.3848; 175.6166