Mind at Large is a concept proposed by Aldous Huxley to help interpret psychedelic experience. He maintained that the human mind filters reality under normal circumstances and that psychedelic drugs remove the filter, exposing the user to a Mind at Large.
Concept edit
Huxley introduced the concept of Mind at Large in his books The Doors of Perception (1954) and Heaven and Hell (1956). It was influenced by the ideas of the philosopher C. D. Broad.
Huxley held that psychedelic drugs open a 'Reducing Valve' in the brain and nervous system that ordinarily inhibits Mind at Large from reaching the conscious mind.[1] In the aforementioned books, Huxley explores the idea that the human mind has evolved to filter wider planes of reality, partly because handling the details of all of the impressions and images coming in would be unbearable and partly because it has been taught to do so. He believes that psychoactive drugs can partly remove this filter, which leaves the drug user exposed to Mind at Large.[2]
During an experiment conducted by the British psychiatrist Humphrey Osmond in 1953, Huxley was administered the psychedelic drug mescaline, and was prompted by Osmond to comment on the various stimuli around him, such as books and flowers.[3] Huxley recorded aspects of their conversation in The Doors of Perception, focusing on what he said in the recordings. He observed that everyday objects lose their functionality, and suddenly exist "as such"; space and dimension become irrelevant, with perceptions seemingly being enlarged, and at times even overwhelming.
In The Doors of Perception, Huxley cites a 1949 paper by Cambridge Philosopher C. D. Broad ('The Relevance of Psychical Research to Philosophy')[4]:
Each person is at each moment capable of remembering all that has ever happened to him and of perceiving everything that is happening everywhere in the universe. The function of the brain and nervous system is to protect us from being overwhelmed and confused by this mass of largely useless and irrelevant knowledge, by shutting out most of what we should otherwise perceive or remember at any moment, and leaving only that very small and special selection which is likely to be practically useful. According to such a theory, each one of us is potentially Mind at Large.
The Doors of Perception includes Huxley's descriptions of his experiences with mescaline and includes a total of eight references to 'Mind at Large'. In modern psychedelic research, the closest comparator is that of Oceanic Boundlessness.[5]
In The Doors of Perception, Huxley stated:
In the final stage of egolessness there is an 'obscure knowledge' that All is in all—that All is actually each. This is as near, I take it, as a finite mind can ever come to 'perceiving everything that is happening everywhere in the universe.'
References to the concept edit
In 2009, journalist Andrew Sullivan published excerpts from the writing of Barbara Bradley Hagerty in The Atlantic. In the excerpts, Hagerty connects the research of neuroscientist Andrew Newberg on religious experiences in Catholic nuns and Buddhist monks to Huxley's concept of Mind at Large.[6]
See also edit
References edit
- ^ "Mind at Large". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 16 March 2013. Retrieved 18 August 2020.
- ^ Huxley, Aldous (1954). The Doors of Perception. Perennial Classics. p. 6. ISBN 0-06-059518-3.
- ^ Huxley, Aldous (1954). The Doors of Perception. Perennial Classics. p. 5. ISBN 0-06-059518-3.
- ^ Broad, C. D. (1949). "The Relevance of Psychical Research to Philosophy". Philosophy. 24 (91): 291–309. doi:10.1017/s0031819100007452. ISSN 0031-8191. S2CID 144880410.)
- ^ Roseman, Leor; Nutt, David J.; Carhart-Harris, Robin L. (7 July 2018). "Quality of Acute Psychedelic Experience Predicts Therapeutic Efficacy of Psilocybin for Treatment-Resistant Depression". Frontiers in Pharmacology. 8. doi:10.3389/fphar.2017.00974. PMC 5776504. PMID 29387009.
- ^ Sullivan, Andrew (24 August 2009). "Mind At Large". The Atlantic. Retrieved 18 August 2020.