Wikipedia

Sikhism by country

Most of the 25-30 million followers of Sikhism, the world's fifth-largest religion [disputed – discuss], live in the northern Indian state of Punjab, the only Sikh-majority administrative division on Earth,[1][2][3][4][5][6] but Sikh communities exist on every inhabited continent. Sizeable Sikh populations in countries across the world exist in India (20,833,116),[7] Canada (771,790),[8] England (520,092),[9] the United States (~280,000),[30] Italy (~220,000), and Australia (210,400), while countries with the largest proportions of Sikhs include Canada (2.12%),[8] India (1.56%), Cyprus (1.1%)[31][32] England (0.92%),[9][33] New Zealand (0.87%), and Australia (0.83%).

Distribution of Sikhs
Percentage of Sikhs by country
Number of Sikhs by country

Administrative divisions with significant proportions of Sikhs include Punjab, India (Sikhs account for 58 percent of the population), Chandigarh, India (13.1 percent), British Columbia, Canada (5.9 percent),[8] Haryana, India (4.9 percent), Delhi, India (3.4 percent), West Midlands, England (2.9 percent), Manitoba, Canada (2.7 percent),[8] Alberta, Canada (2.5 percent),[8] Uttarakhand, India (2.3 percent), and Ontario, Canada (2.1 percent).[8] Meanwhile, cities outside India with the largest Sikh populations are Brampton, Ontario, Canada (163,260),[34] Surrey, British Columbia, Canada (154,415),[35] and London, England (144,543).[36]

At 93.33% Sikh, Tarn Taran is the world's most Sikh district or county.[37] Located in the heart of the Majha region of Punjab founded by Guru Arjan Dev - the 5th Sikh guru, [38] Tarn Taran also hosts the world's largest sarovar (sacred pool)[39] even surpassing the great Darbar Sahib - Golden Temple in the neighbouring Amritsar district.

Countries edit

The figures on the table below are either based on each of the country's respective censuses or are calculated by specific organizations. Some of these figures are rounded off. In case of conflicting estimates, both the lowest and highest estimates are included.

Sikhs and Sikhism by country
Region Country No. of Sikhs Sikh % % of all Sikhs
Central Asia   Afghanistan * 140 (2022 est.)[40] 0% 0%
South America   Argentina 300 families (2012 est.)[41] 0% 0%
Central Europe   Austria * 9,000 (2020 est.)[42] 0.04% 0.04%
Oceania   Australia * 210,400 (2021 census)[43] 0.83% 0.9%
South Asia   Bangladesh * 20 families (2012 est.)[44] 0% 0%
Western Europe   Belgium * 10,000 (2020 est.)[45] 0.09% 0.04%
South America   Brazil 300 (2018 est.)[46] 0% 0%
North America   Canada * 771,790 (2021 census)[8] 2.12% 3.31%
Southern Europe   Cyprus * 13,280 (2020 est.)[31][32] 1.07% 0.06%
Northern Europe   Denmark * 4,000 (2019 est.)[47] 0.07% 0.02%
Oceania   Fiji * 2,577 (2007 census)[48] 0.31% 0.01%
Western Europe   France * 30,000 (2017 est.)[49] 0.04% 0.13%
Western Asia   Georgia 200 (2018 est.)[50] 0.01% 0%
Central Europe   Germany * 18,000 (2017 est.)[51] 0.02% 0.08%
Southern Europe   Greece * 20,000 (2015 est.)[52] 0.19% 0.09%
East Asia   Hong Kong 12,000 (2021 est.)[53] 0.16% 0.05%
Northern Europe   Iceland 100 (2013 est.)[54] 0.03% 0%
South Asia   India * 20,833,116 (2011 census) 1.72% 89.27%
Southeast Asia   Indonesia * 15,000 (2009 est.)[55] 0.01% 0.06%
Western Europe   Ireland 2,183 (2022 census)[56] 0.04% 0.01%
Southern Europe   Italy * 220,000 (2022 est.)[70] 0.37% 0.94%
East Africa   Kenya 6,000 (2013 est.)[71] 0.01% 0.03%
Middle East   Kuwait 15,000 (2021 est.)[72] 0.35% 0.06%
Southeast Asia   Malaysia * 100,000 (2016 est.)[73] 0.3% 0.43%
South Asia   Nepal * 609 (2011 census)[74] 0% 0%
Western Europe   Netherlands * 15,000 (2022 est.)[75] 0.08% 0.06%
Oceania   New Zealand * 40,908 (2018 census)[76] 0.87% 0.18%
Northern Europe   Norway * 4,080 (2020 est.)[77] 0.08% 0.02%
Middle East   Oman 33,704 (2020 est.)[78] 0.75% 0.14%
South Asia   Pakistan * 6,146 (2021 est.)[79][80][81] 0% 0.03%
Central America   Panama * 302 (2020 est.)[32] 0.01% 0%
Southeast Asia   Philippines 28,436 (2020 est.)[32] 0.03% 0.12%
Southern Europe   Portugal 35,000 (2020 est.)[82] 0.34% 0.15%
Middle East   Saudi Arabia 6,700 (2021 est.)[83] 0.02% 0.03%
Southeast Asia   Singapore * 12,051 (2020 census)[84] 0.35% 0.05%
Southern Africa   South Africa * 13,000 (2020 est.)[85] 0.02% 0.04%
Southern Europe   Spain 26,000 (2020 est.)[86] 0.05% 0.11%
Northern Europe   Sweden * 4,000 (2020 est.)[86] 0.04% 0.02%
Southeast Asia   Thailand * 70,000 (2005 est.)[87] 0.1% 0.3%
Central America   Trinidad and Tobago 150 (2022 est.)[88] 0.01% 0%
East Africa   Uganda 2,400 (2021 est.)[89] 0.01% 0.01%
Middle East   United Arab Emirates * 52,000 (2022 est.)[90] 0.56% 0.22%
Western Europe   United Kingdom * 524,529 (2021 census)[9][91][92] 0.85% 2.25%
North America   United States * 280,000 (2021 est.)[113] 0.08% 1.2%
Total 23,336,631[a] 0.3% 100%

Census Data edit

As a religious minority, Sikhs have fought long and hard to get official status and to be counted in many countries across the world. Through the efforts of Sikh organisations and communities in their respective countries, there is now readily available population data on Sikhs as part of the census in the following territories:

Census Data
Country Sikh Religion Sikh Ethnicity
(single response) 		Sikh Ethnicity
(multiple response)
Rank Pop. % Year Pop. % Year Pop. % Year
  India 4th 20,833,116 1.72% 2011[114]
  Canada 4th 771,790 2.12% 2021[8] 194,640 0.54% 2021[115]
  England 4th 520,092 0.92% 2021[9] 98,666 0.17% 2021[116]
  United States 48,321 0.01% 2020[117][118][119] 70,697 0.02% 2020[120][121][122]
  Australia 5th 210,400 0.83% 2021[123] 60,501 0.24% 2021[124]
  New Zealand 5th 40,908 0.87% 2018[76] 105 0% 2018[125] 192 0% 2018[126]
  Singapore 6th 12,051 0.35% 2020[84]
  Thailand 6th 11,124 0.02% 2010[127]
  Scotland 5th 9,055 0.17% 2011[128] 873 0.02% 2011[129]
  Wales 5th 4,048 0.13% 2021[9] 683 0.02% 2021[130]
  Fiji 4th 2,577 0.31% 2007[131]
  Ireland 6th 2,183 0.04% 2022[132]
  Nepal 7th 1,496 0.01% 2021[133]
  Northern Ireland 6th 389 0.02% 2021[134] 43 0% 2021[135]
  Pakistan 2023
  Faroe Islands 7th 3 0.01% 2011[136]

Note: Official statistics do not count unregistered arrivals or those who have not completed the census or surveys. However, they do provide for a much more accurate depiction of Sikh communities as opposed to estimates from various Sikh organisations whose estimates can vary vastly with no statistically valuable source. Thus, official statistics and census data is highly important and Sikh communities continue to push for census inclusion in many countries where they are still not counted.

Country Native Born[137] % Foreign Born[138] % Data
  England 296,673 57.0% 223,419 43.0% 2021
  Canada 236,400 30.6% 535,390 69.4% 2021
  Australia 51,939 24.9% 157,940 75.1% 2021
  Singapore 8,369 69.5% 3,682 30.5% 2020
  Wales 2,431 60.1% 1,617 39.9% 2021
 
% Sikh by National Subdivision

Largest proportions edit

  1.   Canada 2.12%[8][139]
  2.   India 1.72%[144]
  3.   Cyprus 1.1%[31][145]
  4.   United Kingdom 0.88%[146]
  5.   New Zealand 0.88%[147]
  6.   Australia 0.83%[148][149]
  7.   Oman 0.75%[78]
  8.   UAE 0.56%[150]
  9.   Italy 0.37%[158]
  10.   Singapore 0.35% [62]
     
    Depiction of early Sikh immigration to Canada (Whitehorse, Yukon). Circa 1906.

Largest populations edit

  1.   India 23,786,000[162]
  2.   Canada 771,790[8][139]
  3.   United Kingdom 524,000[163]
  4.   United States ~280,000[184]
  5.   Australia 210,400[148][149]
  6.   Italy 210,000 [192]
  7.   Malaysia 100,000[193][194][195]
  8.   Thailand 70,000[196]
  9.   United Arab Emirates 52,000[197]
  10.   Philippines 50,000[198][199]
  11.   New Zealand 40,908[200]
  12.   Oman 35,540[78]
  13.   Portugal 35,000[201]
  14.   France 30,000[202]
  15.   Spain 26,000[203]
  16.   Germany 25,000[204]
  17.   Greece 20,000[205]
  18.   Netherlands 15,000 [206]
  19.   Kuwait 15,000[207][208]
  20.   Hong Kong 15,000[209]
  21.   Cyprus 13,280[31][210]
  22.   Singapore 12,051[211]
  23.   Indonesia 10,000[212]
  24.   Belgium 10,000[213]
  25.   Austria 10,000[214]

Subnational divisions edit

Sikhs by administrative division
Administrative division 2021[8][36][215][216][217][c]
Pop. %
  Punjab 16,004,754 57.69%
  Haryana 1,243,752 4.91%
  Rajasthan 872,930 1.27%
  Uttar Pradesh 643,500 0.32%
  Delhi 570,581 3.4%
    Ontario 300,435 2.14%
    British Columbia 290,870 5.92%
  Uttarakhand 236,340 2.34%
  Jammu and Kashmir 232,585 1.9%
  Maharashtra 223,247 0.2%
    West Midlands 172,398 2.9%
  Madhya Pradesh 151,412 0.21%
    California 146,614 0.37%
    London 144,543 1.64%
  Chandigarh 138,329 13.11%
    Alberta 103,600 2.48%
    Victoria 91,745 1.41%
  Himachal Pradesh 79,896 1.16%
    South East 74,348 0.8%
  Jharkhand 71,422 0.22%
  Chhattisgarh 70,036 0.27%
  West Bengal 63,523 0.07%
  Gujarat 58,246 0.1%
    East Midlands 53,950 1.11%
    New South Wales 47,165 0.58%
    Manitoba 35,470 2.71%
    New York 31,496 0.16%
  Telangana 30,340 0.09%
  Karnataka 28,773 0.05%
    Queensland 27,713 0.54%
    East 24,284 0.38%
    Yorkshire and the Humber 24,034 0.44%
  Auckland 23,832 1.52%
    Quebec 23,345 0.28%
  Odisha 21,991 0.05%
  Assam 20,672 0.07%
    Western Australia 18,583 0.7%
    Washington 17,316 0.22%
    South Australia 17,259 0.97%
    New Jersey 15,417 0.17%
  Bihar 14,753 0.01%
  Tamil Nadu 14,601 0.02%
    North West 11,862 0.16%
    Texas 10,777 0.04%
  Andhra Pradesh 9,904 0.02%
    Scotland 9,055 0.17%
    Saskatchewan 9,035 0.82%
    South West 7,465 0.13%
    North East 7,206 0.27%
    Indiana 6,812 0.1%
    Virginia 6,792 0.08%
    Michigan 5,809 0.06%
    Illinois 5,087 0.04%
  Bay of Plenty 4,842 1.57%
    Nova Scotia 4,730 0.49%
    Pennsylvania 4,354 0.03%
    Australian Capital Territory 4,323 0.95%
  Waikato 4,074 0.89%
    Wales 4,048 0.13%
    Maryland 4,013 0.06%
  Kerala 3,814 0.01%
    Ohio 3,517 0.03%
  Arunachal Pradesh 3,287 0.24%
  Meghalaya 3,045 0.1%
  Canterbury 2,973 0.5%
    Massachusetts 2,379 0.03%
    Florida 2,359 0.01%
  Ladakh 2,263 0.83%
    Tasmania 2,208 0.4%
    Arizona 2,177 0.03%
    Georgia 2,173 0.02%
  Nagaland 1,890 0.1%
  Sikkim 1,868 0.31%
    New Brunswick 1,780 0.23%
  Wellington 1,647 0.32%
  Manipur 1,527 0.05%
  Goa 1,473 0.1%
    North Carolina 1,431 0.01%
    Connecticut 1,424 0.04%
    Wisconsin 1,412 0.02%
    Northern Territory 1,401 0.6%
  Hawke's Bay 1,347 0.81%
    Colorado 1,324 0.02%
  Andaman and Nicobar Islands 1,286 0.34%
    Prince Edward Island 1,165 0.77%
    Oregon 1,130 0.03%
    Nevada 1,118 0.04%
  Tripura 1,070 0.03%
    Newfoundland and Labrador 850 0.17%
    Kansas 690 0.02%
    Missouri 519 0.01%
  Otago 510 0.23%
    Mississippi 460 0.02%
    Minnesota 456 0.01%
  Manawatū-Whanganui 447 0.19%
  Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu 389 0.07%
    Northern Ireland 389 0.02%
    Yukon 385 0.97%
    South Carolina 385 0.01%
    Utah 365 0.01%
    Delaware 349 0.04%
    Louisiana 341 0.01%
  Northland 315 0.18%
  Puducherry 297 0.02%
    Tennessee 289 0%
  Mizoram 286 0.03%
    Iowa 242 0.01%
  Taranaki 234 0.2%
  Southland 210 0.22%
    Oklahoma 190 0%
    Arkansas 182 0.01%
    Kentucky 182 0%
  Gisborne 171 0.36%
    Alabama 163 0%
    New Mexico 147 0.01%
    New Hampshire 143 0.01%
  Marlborough 123 0.26%
    Northwest Territories 110 0.27%
  Nelson 102 0.2%
    Maine 91 0.01%
    District of Columbia 75 0.01%
  Tasman 51 0.1%
    Idaho 44 0%
  West Coast 33 0.1%
    Nebraska 28 0%
    West Virginia 28 0%
    Alaska 16 0%
    Montana 16 0%
    Rhode Island 12 0%
    Vermont 12 0%
    Wyoming 12 0%
    Nunavut 10 0.03%
  Lakshadweep 8 0.01%
    South Dakota 4 0%
    Hawaii 0 0%
    North Dakota 0 0%
    Puerto Rico 0 0%

Sub-districts edit

Faith in Newton, Surrey (2021)[227] World's only Sikh majority neighbourhood outside India

  Sikh (51.5%)
  Christian (16.4%)
  No religion (13.9%)
  Muslim (8.7%)
  Hindu (8.1%)
  Buddhist (0.9%)
  Jewish (0.1%)
  Other faiths (0.4%)

A sub-district is a local administrative division known as different names in respective countries: called tehsils in India, electoral districts in Canada and wards in England. These are smaller than counties or districts and consist of neighbourhoods and suburbs. Newton, Surrey is the only Sikh majority sub-district outside India with Sikhs representing 51.5% of the population in 2021.[228] There are however, a number of other neighbourhoods outside India where Sikhs form the largest group (plurality).

Neighbourhoods with Sikhs as Largest Group[229]
Sub-District (Neighbourhood) Division Nation % Sikh
Newton - Surrey British Columbia   Canada 51.5%
Blakenhall - Wolverhampton West Midlands   England 40.7%
Brampton East - Peel Ontario   Canada 40.4%
Southall Green - Ealing London   England 36.8%
Heston West - Hounslow London   England 31.8%
Lady Margaret - Ealing London   England 28.2%
Pinkwell - Hillingdon London   England 26.5%
Norwood Green - Ealing London   England 26.2%

Municipalities edit

  •  
    Gurudwara Bangla Sahib is located in Delhi. India's capital and second-largest city with nearly 20 million inhabitants, Delhi was home to 570,581 Sikhs at the 2011 census, the largest municipal Sikh population in the world.
  •  
    Gurdwara Dasmesh Darbar is located in Brampton, Ontario. Home to 163,260 Sikhs at the 2021 census, Brampton has the world's largest municipal Sikh population outside India.
  •  
    Gurdwara Amb Sahib is located in Mohali, Punjab, the largest Sikh-majority city on Earth with a total population of 166,864 at the 2011 census.
13 largest municipal Sikh populations
Municipality Sikh population Total population Sikh proportion % Largest religious group
  Delhi (2011)[230] 570,581 16,787,941 3.4% Hindu (81.68%)
  Amritsar (2011)[231] 556,431 1,159,227 48% Hindu (49.36%)
  Ludhiana (2011)[232] 465,393 1,618,879 28.75% Hindu (65.96%)
  Jalandhar (2011)[233] 185,869 868,929 21.39% Hindu (74.9%)
  Patiala (2011)[234] 178,336 446,246 39.96% Hindu (57.22%)
  Brampton (2021)[235] 163,260 650,165 25.11% Christian (35.72%)
  Surrey (2021)[236] 154,415 562,565 27.45% Christian (30.24%)
  London (2021)[237] 144,543 8,799,728 1.64% Christian (40.66%)
  Chandigarh (2011)[238] 138,329 1,055,450 13.11% Hindu (80.78%)
  Bhatinda (2011)[239] 100,139 446,246 35.04% Hindu (62.61%)
  Mohali (2011)[240] 85,983 166,864 51.53% Sikh (51.53%)
  Melbourne (2021)[241] 85,286 4,917,750 1.73% Christian (40.14%)
  Moga (2011)[242] 82,456 163,397 50.46% Sikh (50.46%)

Historical Demographics edit

The Afghan Sikh population declined from between 200,000 and 500,000 (1.8% to 4.6% of the Afghan population) in the 1970s[243][244][245][246][247] to 45 in 2022 following decades of conflict.

Sikhism by country (2001−2021)
Country 2021 2011 2001 Change (2011-2021) Change (2001-2011)
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % ± +% ± +%
  India[248][249][250][142][251] 20,833,116 1.72% 19,237,391 1.87% 1,595,725 8.29%
  Canada[252][253][8] 771,790 2.12% 454,965 1.38% 278,410 0.94% 316,825 69.64% 176,555 63.42%
  England[9][254][255] 520,092 0.92% 420,196 0.79% 327,343 0.63% 99,896 23.77% 92,853 28.37%
  United States[280][281][282][283] 269,986 0.08% 189,242 0.06% 119,740 0.04% 80,744 42.67% 69,502 58.04%
  Australia[217] 210,397 0.83% 72,296 0.34% 17,437 0.09% 138,101 191.02% 54,859 314.61%
  New Zealand[284][76] 40,908[d] 0.87% 19,191[e] 0.45% 5,199 0.14% 21,717 113.16% 13,992 269.13%
  Norway[285] 4,208 0.08% 2,975 0.06%
  Wales[9][254][255] 4,048 0.13% 2,962 0.10% 2,015 0.07% 1,086 947
    Nepal[74][133] 1,496 0.01% 609 0.00% 887
  Fiji[286] <500? <0.1% 2,540[f] 0.3% 3,067[g] 0.4% -527 -17.18%
  Northern Ireland[287][288][289] 389 0.02% 216 0.01% 219 0.01% 173 -3
  Faroe Islands[63] 3 0.01%

[290][291][142][292][293][252][253][8][254][255][280][217][219][294][h][i][j][k][l][m][n][297][298]

See also edit

General:

Notes edit

  1. ^ Total of countries listed above. List last totaled on 11 June 2023.
  2. ^ Sikhs comprise 1.7% (23,786,052) of India's total population of 1,399,179,585 per 2023 estimate by the World Factbook.[159]
  3. ^ 2011 census data for India,[160] 2011 census data for Scotland,[218] 2018 census data for New Zealand,[219] 2020 census data for United States,[223] and 2022 census data for Bihar.[224][225][226]
  4. ^ 2018 census
  5. ^ 2013 census
  6. ^ 2007 census
  7. ^ 1996 census
  8. ^ According to Singh, there were at least 2 lakh Sikhs and Hindus (in a 60:40 ratio) in Afghanistan until the 1970s.[243]
  9. ^ “If you go through the evidence and data from the 1970s to date, you will be able to see how drastically their population has fallen,” says Ehsan Shayegan, an Afghan researcher with Porsesh Research and Studies Organization studying the minority religions of Kabul. “In the 70s, there were around 700,000 Hindus and Sikhs, and now they are estimated to be less than 7,000,” Shayegan says... “In 1992, they were a 220,000-strong community, just before the start of the civil war in Kabul. It was also around the same time that our problems started,” he says.[244]
  10. ^ An investigation by TOLOnews reveals that the Sikh and Hindu population number was 220,000 in the 1980's. That number dropped sharply to 15,000 when the mujahideen was in power during the 1990's and remained at that level during the Taliban regime. It is now estimated that only 1,350 Hindus and Sikhs remain in the country.[246]
  11. ^ In the late 1980s, there were about 500,000 Sikhs scattered across Afghanistan, many here for generations[247]
  12. ^ “There were over two lakh (200,000) Sikhs just in Kabul in the 1980s,” Mr Singh says. Today, there are about 7,000 Sikhs and Hindus throughout the whole of Afghanistan.[245]
  13. ^ Singh explained 800 of his community families still lived in Kabul, Kandahar, Ghazni, Helmand, Nangarhar, Kunduz and Balkh provinces.[295]
  14. ^ Over the years, Afghan Sikhs and the Hindu population have dwindled from nearly 700,000 in the 1970s to less than a few hundred, today. “We are about 70 to 80 families who are left in all over Afghanistan. It used to be many more, but as of today, we are maybe 400 to 450 adults and about 100 to 200 children. So we are not more than a total of 700,” Sutaka said, trying hard to keep a steady tone.[296]

References edit

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  25. ^ "A Brief Introduction to Sikhism". WTTW. 5 May 2021. Retrieved 28 March 2023. Despite its relatively recent arrival in Chicago, Sikhism is the world's fifth-largest religion, with 25 to 30 million adherents around the globe and an estimated 500,000 in America today.
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  28. ^ "2020 National Sikh American Survey: Key Findings". Sikh American Legal Defense and Education Fund. 23 October 2020. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
  29. ^ "DP05ACS DEMOGRAPHIC AND HOUSING ESTIMATES". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
  30. ^ While the U.S. Census does not ask about religion,[10] 70,697 Americans (or 0.02% of the total population) declared Sikh as their ethnicity in the 2020 census.[11] In the 2021 Canadian census, 194,640 Canadians declared Sikh as their ethnicity while 771,790 Canadians declared Sikh as their religion, indicating that the Sikh American population may be around 280,329, or 0.08% of the total population.[12] The U.S. Census Bureau estimated the adult Sikh American population at 78,000 in 2008.[13] The Pew Research Center estimated the Sikh American adult population to be 140,000 and the total population at 200,000 in 2012 while the World Religion Database at Boston University estimated the American Sikh population to be at 280,000 in 2012.[14][15] Sikh organizations like the Sikh Coalition and American Sikh Congressional Caucus estimate the Sikh American population to be as high as 1,000,000, but do not provide any sources for these figures;[16][17][18] 500,000 nevertheless remains the most cited Sikh American population size in news media.[19][26] With 1% of Asian Americans being Sikh, and 90.7% of Sikh Americans being Asian American, the American Sikh population can be estimated around 280,000 in 2021.[27][28][29]
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  58. ^ "Around 45,000 Sikhs vote in Referendum in Italy". Daily Pakistan. That it had chosen the city of Brixia because Italy had over 200,000 Sikhs living in it with a majority in Brescia
  59. ^ "Sikhs vote in referendum in Rome". Pakistan Today. 3 July 2022. About 200,000 Sikhs live in different cities of Italy.
  60. ^ "Sikhs vote in referendum in Rome". The Nation. About 200,000 Sikhs live in different cities of Italy.
  61. ^ "Thousands of Sikhs attend parade in Italy". Bol News. Italy has over 200,000 Sikhs who are active members of the Italian population, which is why this city was chosen
  62. ^ a b c d "The Continuing Struggle for Religious Freedom by Italy's Sikh Community". The Wire. It is estimated that there are around 220,000 Sikh migrants in Italy. The community, however, has been largely invisible to native Italians. The majority of Sikhs are dairy workers, living far from the cities, and settled mainly in the farms of north and central Italy.
  63. ^ a b c d "How the recent Punjabi migration to Spain & Italy is a departure for the diaspora". The Economic Times. 29 July 2018. The total number of Indians in Italy has now crossed 200,000, making it the largest Indian diaspora in continental Europe and far greater than the 30,000 estimated in Spain. This Indian contingent is mainly made up of Punjabi Jat Sikhs.
  64. ^ a b c "How Sikhs saved the Italian cheese industry". Global Indian. Today, Italy has the largest Sikh population in Europe, only second to the United Kingdom, with an estimated number of 220,000
  65. ^ Bertolani, Barbara (2013). "The Sikhs in Italy: A Growing Heterogeneous and Plural Presence". Globalizing Belief, Localizing Gods. Brill Publishers. p. 75. ISBN 9789004254756. According to Gallo (2013), by contrast, the Sikhs would number at least 100,000. Barbara Bertolani estimates in 2013 "My own data gathered within the Sikh community in Italy show Sikh people constituting about 70% of all the Indians present, i.e., at least 84,000 residents
  66. ^ a b c "Why the Indian government must help Italian Sikhs". Hindustan Times. Up to 150,000 Sikhs now live there, making it the largest Sikh Community in Europe after the one in Britain
  67. ^ "The Sikhs Spearheading The Italian Parmesan Cheese Industry". Homegrown. Despite the estimated 220,000 Sikh immigrants who inhabit the Po Valley, there seems to a whiff of change in the air
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  75. ^ Lawrence, Mary (22 May 2022). "Het licht van God zien in de ander, daar gaat het om bij de sikhs" [Seeing the light of God in the other, that's what the Sikhs are all about]. Trouw. Archived from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2023. In Nederland wonen zo'n 15.000 sikhs, die hier sinds de jaren zestig vanuit Afghanistan, Pakistan en India kwamen, op zoek naar werk of op de vlucht voor de Sovjets, de Taliban of de geradicaliseerde aanhangers van Indira Gandhi, nadat zij in 1984 door haar sikhlijfwacht was vermoord. Ons land telt inmiddels negen gurdwara's. [Some 15,000 Sikhs live in the Netherlands, who have come here from Afghanistan, Pakistan and India since the 1960s, looking for work or fleeing the Soviets, the Taliban or the radicalized followers of Indira Gandhi, after they were killed in 1984. her Sikh bodyguard had been killed. Our country now has nine gurdwaras.]
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  103. ^ "The Sikh Community Today". Harvard University. Retrieved 28 March 2023. Today there are well over 500,000 Sikhs in the United States.
  104. ^ "American Sikhs are targets of bigotry, often due to cultural ignorance". Religion News Service. 10 August 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2023. Scholars and government officials estimate the Sikh American population to number around 500,000.
  105. ^ "Sikhs in America:A History of Hate". ProPublica. Retrieved 28 March 2023. There are an estimated 500,000 Sikhs living in the U.S., many in New York and California.
  106. ^ "April 2022: Sikh Awareness and Appreciation Month". State of Michigan Office of the Governor. Retrieved 28 March 2023. Sikhism is the fifth largest religion in the world, and, today, there are more than 30 million Sikhs worldwide and an estimated 500,000 Sikh Americans;
  107. ^ "Want to know about Sikhism?". WUWM. 23 May 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2023. There are more than 500,000 Sikhs in the United States.
  108. ^ "A Brief Introduction to Sikhism". WTTW. 5 May 2021. Retrieved 28 March 2023. Despite its relatively recent arrival in Chicago, Sikhism is the world's fifth-largest religion, with 25 to 30 million adherents around the globe and an estimated 500,000 in America today.
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  113. ^ While the U.S. Census does not ask about religion,[93] 70,697 Americans (or 0.02% of the total population) declared Sikh as their ethnicity in the 2020 census.[94] In the 2021 Canadian census, 194,640 Canadians declared Sikh as their ethnicity while 771,790 Canadians declared Sikh as their religion, indicating that the Sikh American population may be around 280,329, or 0.08% of the total population.[95] The U.S. Census Bureau estimated the adult Sikh American population at 78,000 in 2008.[96] The Pew Research Center estimated the Sikh American adult population to be 140,000 and the total population at 200,000 in 2012 while the World Religion Database at Boston University estimated the American Sikh population to be at 280,000 in 2012.[97][98] Sikh organizations like the Sikh Coalition and American Sikh Congressional Caucus estimate the Sikh American population to be as high as 1,000,000, but do not provide any sources for these figures;[99][100][101] 500,000 nevertheless remains the most cited Sikh American population size in news media.[102][109] With 1% of Asian Americans being Sikh, and 90.7% of Sikh Americans being Asian American, the American Sikh population can be estimated around 280,000 in 2021.[110][111][112]
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  143. ^ "Total fertility rate down across all communities | India News - Times of India". The Times of India. 8 May 2022.
  144. ^ The Indian Sikh population grew from 16,420,685 to 19,237,391 between 1991 and 2001, a rise of 2,816,706 or 17.15%. It further rose from 19,237,391 to 20,833,116 between 1991 and 2001, a rise of 1,595,725 or 8.29%.[140][141][142] Assuming the Indian Sikh population growth rate continues to decline at the same rate, which is likely since Sikhs have the lowest birth rate across all Indian religious groups, the Indian Sikh population would grow by 4.01% between 2011 and 2021, or from 20,833,116 to 21,668,524.[143]
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  151. ^ "Over 40,000 Sikhs vote in secessionist Referendum in Italy". Geo News. it had chosen the city of Brixia because Italy had over 200,000 Sikhs living in the county with a majority in Brescia.
  152. ^ "Around 45,000 Sikhs vote in Referendum in Italy". Daily Pakistan. That it had chosen the city of Brixia because Italy had over 200,000 Sikhs living in it with a majority in Brescia
  153. ^ "Sikhs vote in referendum in Rome". Pakistan Today. 3 July 2022. About 200,000 Sikhs live in different cities of Italy.
  154. ^ "Sikhs vote in referendum in Rome". The Nation. About 200,000 Sikhs live in different cities of Italy.
  155. ^ "Thousands of Sikhs attend parade in Italy". Bol News. Italy has over 200,000 Sikhs who are active members of the Italian population, which is why this city was chosen
  156. ^ Bertolani, Barbara (2013). "The Sikhs in Italy: A Growing Heterogeneous and Plural Presence". Globalizing Belief, Localizing Gods. Brill Publishers. p. 75. ISBN 9789004254756. According to Gallo (2013), by contrast, the Sikhs would number at least 100,000. Barbara Bertolani estimates in 2013 "My own data gathered within the Sikh community in Italy show Sikh people constituting about 70% of all the Indians present, i.e., at least 84,000 residents
  157. ^ "The Sikhs Spearheading The Italian Parmesan Cheese Industry". Homegrown. Despite the estimated 220,000 Sikh immigrants who inhabit the Po Valley, there seems to a whiff of change in the air
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  165. ^ "Asian Indian Was The Largest Asian Alone Population Group in 2020". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
  166. ^ "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". Statistics Canada. 9 February 2022. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
  167. ^ "Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012 - Section 1: Population - Table 75: Self-Described Religious Identification of Adult Population: 1990, 2001, and 2008 (page 61)" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
  168. ^ "Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012 - Section 1: Population - Table 75: Self-Described Religious Identification of Adult Population: 1990, 2001, and 2008 (page 61)" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
  169. ^ "How Many U.S. Sikhs?". Pew Research Center. 6 August 2012. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
  170. ^ "About Sikhs". Sikh Coalition. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
  171. ^ "H. RES. 275 - 118th Congress (2023-2024)". United States Congress. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
  172. ^ "How Many U.S. Sikhs?". Pew Research Center. 6 August 2012. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
  173. ^ "Sikhism Reporter's Guide". Sikh Coalition. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  174. ^ "The Sikh Community Today". Harvard University. Retrieved 28 March 2023. Today there are well over 500,000 Sikhs in the United States.
  175. ^ "American Sikhs are targets of bigotry, often due to cultural ignorance". Religion News Service. 10 August 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2023. Scholars and government officials estimate the Sikh American population to number around 500,000.
  176. ^ "Sikhs in America:A History of Hate". ProPublica. Retrieved 28 March 2023. There are an estimated 500,000 Sikhs living in the U.S., many in New York and California.
  177. ^ "April 2022: Sikh Awareness and Appreciation Month". State of Michigan Office of the Governor. Retrieved 28 March 2023. Sikhism is the fifth largest religion in the world, and, today, there are more than 30 million Sikhs worldwide and an estimated 500,000 Sikh Americans;
  178. ^ "Want to know about Sikhism?". WUWM. 23 May 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2023. There are more than 500,000 Sikhs in the United States.
  179. ^ "A Brief Introduction to Sikhism". WTTW. 5 May 2021. Retrieved 28 March 2023. Despite its relatively recent arrival in Chicago, Sikhism is the world's fifth-largest religion, with 25 to 30 million adherents around the globe and an estimated 500,000 in America today.
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  181. ^ "Asian Americans: A Mosaic of Faiths". Pew Research Center. 19 July 2012. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
  182. ^ "2020 National Sikh American Survey: Key Findings". Sikh American Legal Defense and Education Fund. 23 October 2020. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
  183. ^ "DP05ACS DEMOGRAPHIC AND HOUSING ESTIMATES". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
  184. ^ While the U.S. Census does not ask about religion,[164] 70,697 Americans (or 0.02% of the total population) declared Sikh as their ethnicity in the 2020 census.[165] In the 2021 Canadian census, 194,640 Canadians declared Sikh as their ethnicity while 771,790 Canadians declared Sikh as their religion, indicating that the Sikh American population may be around 280,329, or 0.08% of the total population.[166] The U.S. Census Bureau estimated the adult Sikh American population at 78,000 in 2008.[167] The Pew Research Center estimated the Sikh American adult population to be 140,000 and the total population at 200,000 in 2012 while the World Religion Database at Boston University estimated the American Sikh population to be at 280,000 in 2012.[168][169] Sikh organizations like the Sikh Coalition and American Sikh Congressional Caucus estimate the Sikh American population to be as high as 1,000,000, but do not provide any sources for these figures;[170][171][172] 500,000 nevertheless remains the most cited Sikh American population size in news media.[173][180] With 1% of Asian Americans being Sikh, and 90.7% of Sikh Americans being Asian American, the American Sikh population can be estimated around 280,000 in 2021.[181][182][183]
  185. ^ "Over 40,000 Sikhs vote in secessionist Referendum in Italy". Geo News. it had chosen the city of Brixia because Italy had over 200,000 Sikhs living in the county with a majority in Brescia.
  186. ^ "Around 45,000 Sikhs vote in Referendum in Italy". Daily Pakistan. That it had chosen the city of Brixia because Italy had over 200,000 Sikhs living in it with a majority in Brescia
  187. ^ "Sikhs vote in referendum in Rome". Pakistan Today. 3 July 2022. About 200,000 Sikhs live in different cities of Italy.
  188. ^ "Sikhs vote in referendum in Rome". The Nation. About 200,000 Sikhs live in different cities of Italy.
  189. ^ "Thousands of Sikhs attend parade in Italy". Bol News. Italy has over 200,000 Sikhs who are active members of the Italian population, which is why this city was chosen
  190. ^ Bertolani, Barbara (2013). "The Sikhs in Italy: A Growing Heterogeneous and Plural Presence". Globalizing Belief, Localizing Gods. Brill Publishers. p. 75. ISBN 9789004254756. According to Gallo (2013), by contrast, the Sikhs would number at least 100,000. Barbara Bertolani estimates in 2013 "My own data gathered within the Sikh community in Italy show Sikh people constituting about 70% of all the Indians present, i.e., at least 84,000 residents
  191. ^ "The Sikhs Spearheading The Italian Parmesan Cheese Industry". Homegrown. Despite the estimated 220,000 Sikh immigrants who inhabit the Po Valley, there seems to a whiff of change in the air
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  193. ^ "Gobind Singh Deo is Malaysia's first Sikh minister". The Economic Times. Malaysia has nearly 100,000 Sikh population.
  194. ^ "Malaysia gets first Sikh minister". WION. Miri Indian Association president, Councillor Karambir Singh was quoted as saying by the Borneo Post. Malaysia has nearly 100,000 Sikh population
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  197. ^ Gokulan, Dhanusha. "Sikhs in UAE hail country's year of 'respect, inclusion'". Khaleej Times. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
  198. ^ "Punjabi community involved in money lending in Philippines braces for 'crackdown' by new President". The Indian Express. 18 May 2016. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
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  200. ^ "Losing our religion | Stats NZ". www.stats.govt.nz. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
  201. ^ "Portugal Fact Sheet". Embassy of India (Lisbon, Portugal). Sikhs (35,000), In recent years, the number of Indians (especially from Punjab/Haryana) has increased significantly owing to the easing of immigration norms by Portugal. However, since many of them do not have valid residency documents, official figures are not available.
  202. ^ "France's Sikh Minority Looks Set to Vote Against Marine Le Pen". The Wire. 6 May 2017.
  203. ^ Garha, Nachatter Singh (6 February 2020). "Masculinity in the Sikh Community in Italy and Spain: Expectations and Challenges". Religions. 11 (2): 76. doi:10.3390/rel11020076.
  204. ^ "Mitgliederzahlen: Sonstige - REMID - Religionswissenschaftlicher Medien- und Informationsdienst e.V." remid.de (in German). Retrieved 16 August 2017. Sikhs, 25,000 (2020)....The "German Information Center for Sikh Religion, Sikh History, Culture and Science (DISR)" estimates the number of Sikhs in Germany at 18,000 for 2017
  205. ^ Lavin, Talia (26 April 2015). "Vibrant Vaisakhi Celebrates Sikh Life In Greece". Huffington Post. The Sikh community in Greece, numbered at around 20,000 according to a 2012 report, joined together to mark the holy day
  206. ^ Lawrence, Mary (22 May 2022). "Het licht van God zien in de ander, daar gaat het om bij de sikhs" [Seeing the light of God in the other, that's what the Sikhs are all about]. Trouw. Archived from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2023. In Nederland wonen zo'n 15.000 sikhs, die hier sinds de jaren zestig vanuit Afghanistan, Pakistan en India kwamen, op zoek naar werk of op de vlucht voor de Sovjets, de Taliban of de geradicaliseerde aanhangers van Indira Gandhi, nadat zij in 1984 door haar sikhlijfwacht was vermoord. Ons land telt inmiddels negen gurdwara's. [Some 15,000 Sikhs live in the Netherlands, who have come here from Afghanistan, Pakistan and India since the 1960s, looking for work or fleeing the Soviets, the Taliban or the radicalized followers of Indira Gandhi, after they were killed in 1984. her Sikh bodyguard had been killed. Our country now has nine gurdwaras.]
  207. ^ "Kuwait To Seek Closure of "Illegal" Sikh Temple". Outlook India. 3 February 2022. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
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  213. ^ Montes, Enrico Castro; Goddeeris, Idesbald (7 July 2020). "Hinduism in Belgium". Handbook of Hinduism in Europe (2 vols). Brill. pp. 849–863. doi:10.1163/9789004432284_031. ISBN 9789004432284. S2CID 236835206 – via brill.com.
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  223. ^ While the U.S. Census does not ask about religion,[220] 70,697 Americans (or 0.02% of the total population) declared Sikh as their ethnicity in the 2020 census.[221] In the 2021 Canadian census, 194,640 Canadians declared Sikh as their ethnicity while 771,790 Canadians declared Sikh as their religion,[222] indicating that the Sikh American population may be around 280,329, or 0.08% of the total population. Similarly, the Sikh American populations can be estimated using census data.
  224. ^ Joy, Shemin. "Caste survey in Bihar: OBCs, EBCs make up 63.13% of population; Gen Category 15.52%". Deccan Herald.
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  226. ^ "Bihar caste census results out, OBCs form 63% of population, General 16%". India Today.
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  229. ^ Note: As of 2021, Canadian electoral districts are the smallest sub-districts available, they are large neighbourhoods in comparison to English wards that are smaller in population. There is no smaller neighbourhood statistics in Canada which explains the lack of Canadian sub-districts in table - as smaller neighbourhoods are more likely to have larger presence of minorities. For data clarity, all available neighbourhood sub-district data (large or small) have been merged. English ward details: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/articles/buildacustomareaprofile/2023-01-17 Canadian electoral district details: https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E
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  265. ^ "How Many U.S. Sikhs?". Pew Research Center. 6 August 2012. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
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  270. ^ "S0201 SELECTED POPULATION PROFILE IN THE UNITED STATES Nepalese alone". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
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  280. ^ a b The United States Census does not ask about religious affiliation.[256] Sikh organizations estimate the Sikh American population to be as high as 750,000.[257][258] Before the United Kingdom Census started asking about religion in 2001, Sikh organizations estimated the British Sikh population to be as high as 750,000, but the 2001 census found the British Sikh population to be only 336,149.[259][260][255][261][262][263] Thus, population figures by Sikh organizations are likely overestimates. A comprehensive 2012 survey by the Pew Research Center estimated that 1% of Asian Americans and 5% of Indian Americans are Sikhs,[264] which would yield a Sikh population of approximately 200,000 in 2012 and 290,000 in 2021.[265][266] The most comprehensive way to estimate the Sikh American population is by comparing to the Punjabi American population.[267] Out of the 4,060,554 Americans who spoke a South Asian language at home in 2021, 318,588, or 7.85%, spoke Punjabi at home. This indicates that Punjabi Americans make up 7.85% of the South Asian American population of 5,492,692, and thus number 430,952.[268][269][270][271][272] This matches with a comprehensive 2020 survey of Indian Americans by the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, which found that 8% of Indian Americans were Punjabi.[273] Using this same method, the populations of Punjabi Canadians, English Punjabis, and Punjabi Australians can be estimated at 1,146,900, 931,671, and 319,377 respectively, using language data from censuses conducted in 2021 in those nations.[274][275][276] Those nations also ask about religion in their censuses, with there being 771,790 Sikh Canadians, 520,092 English Sikhs, and 210,400 Sikh Australians in 2021.[277][278][279]Thus, the Sikh population was about 62.65% of the Punjabi population in those three countries combined. Using this ratio, the American Sikh population can be estimated at 269,986 in 2021. This ratio can also be used to estimate Sikh populations of American states, counties, and communities using population data of Punjabi speakers.
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