South Australian was a composite-hulled clipper ship that was built in Sunderland in 1868 and sank in the Bristol Channel in 1889. She was a successor to clippers St Vincent and City of Adelaide. For nearly two decades she voyaged annually between London and South Australia.
.jpg) South Australian about 1870
| |
| History | |
|---|---|
 United Kingdom | |
| Name | South Australian |
| Owner |
|
| Operator |
|
| Port of registry | |
| Builder | William Pile, Sunderland |
| Launched | 24 February 1868 |
| Completed | July 1868 |
| Identification |
|
| Fate | Sunk 14 February 1889 |
| General characteristics | |
| Tonnage | 1,040 GRT |
| Tons burthen | 1,230 BM |
| Length | 201.0 ft (61.3 m) |
| Beam | 36.0 ft (11.0 m) |
| Depth | 20.1 ft (6.1 m) |
| Sail plan | full-rigged ship |
Building edit
William Pile built South Australian at North Sands, Sunderland, launching her on 24 February 1868 and completing her that July.[1] Her registered length was 201.0 feet (61.3 m), her breadth was 36.0 ft (11.0 m) and her depth was 20.1 feet (6.1 m). Her tonnages were 1,040 GRT[2] and 1,230 tons BM.[citation needed] She had three masts and was a full-rigged ship.[1]
Captain David Bruce supervised her building, and she was named by a daughter of Henry Martin, a South Australian part-owner.[3]
South Australian's original owner was Joseph Moore[4] of Devitt and Moore's "Adelaide Line" of packet boats, underwritten by a consortium of investors.[5][6] Moore registered her in London. Her United Kingdom official number was 60837 and her code letters were HFJC.[4]
Clipper career edit
Captain Bruce was South Australian's first Master, and commanded her until 1872. She was then commanded alternately by his sons: John Bruce 1872–74 and 1877–80, and Alexander Bruce 1876–77. John Howard Barrett commanded her 1882–83 and 1885–86. Barrett had previously been Master of Outalpa and St Vincent, and later commanded Hesperus and Illawarra.[7]
Final years edit
In 1887 William J Woodside of Belfast bought South Australian.[1] He used her to carry cargo to India and New Brunswick, commanded by Captain James Arthurs.
On 13 February 1889 while on a passage from Cardiff to Rosario, Argentina loaded with railway rails and fishplates, she ran into a gale off Lundy and the captain decided to run before the wind. As the ship rolled in the great seas her cargo began to shift in her hold as a solid mass. In the early hours of 14 February the cargo broke through her hull.[8]
As the ship began to sink, her crew launched a lifeboat in difficult conditions and all but one of the crew survived. They drifted for 12 hours, until the schooner Spray rescued them. They were transferred to the steam trawler Flying Scotchman, which landed them at Swansea.[8]
Wreck edit
In 1986 members of the Ilfracombe & North Devon Sub-Aqua Club found South Australian's cargo of iron at a depth of 42 metres (140 ft) in the Bristol Channel.[9] It is about three miles northeast of Lundy. In 2015 Wessex Archaeology undertook a geophysical mapping survey of the wreck for the club.[10]
Some other clipper ships on the England to Adelaide service edit
References edit
- ^ a b c "South Australian". Wear Built Ships. Shipping and Shipbuilding Research Trust. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
- ^ Lloyd's Register of British and Foreign Shipping. London: Lloyd's Register of British and Foreign Shipping. 1868. SOP. Retrieved 28 May 2022 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ "Miscellaneous Shipping". The South Australian Advertiser. Vol. X, no. 2964. Adelaide. 15 April 1868. p. 2. Retrieved 12 April 2017 – via Trove.
- ^ a b Mercantile Navy List. 1871. p. 403. Retrieved 28 May 2022 – via Crew List Index Project.
- ^ "Some famous Clipper Ships of Olden Days". The Observer. Vol. LXXVIII, no. 5, 841. Adelaide. 1 January 1921. p. 26. Retrieved 5 April 2017 – via Trove.
- ^ Fraser, AD (1938). This Century of Ours – Being an Account of the Origin and History during One Hundred Years of the House of Dangar, Gedye and Malloch Ltd, of Sydney. Sydney: Hallstead Press Pty Limited. p. 96.
- ^ "Personal". The Evening Journal. Vol. XXXII, no. 9072. Adelaide. 8 January 1900. p. 2. Retrieved 13 April 2017 – via Trove.
- ^ a b "Loss of the South Australian". South Australian Register. Vol. LIV, no. 13, 218. Adelaide. 26 March 1889. p. 4. Retrieved 13 April 2017 – via Trove.
- ^ "The South Australian: The wreck of a historic sailing ship". Land's End to Foreland Point: The wild North coast.
- ^ "South Australian Geophysical Mapping Project". Wessex Archaeology.