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{{History of the People's Republic of China}}
{{History of China | modern }}
The '''History of the People's Republic of China''' details the history of [[mainland China]] since 1 October 1949, when [[Mao Zedong]] [[Proclamation of the People's Republic of China|proclaimed]] the [[People's Republic of China]] (PRC) from atop [[Tiananmen]], after a [[Chinese Communist Revolution|near complete victory]] (1949) by the [[Chinese Communist Party]] (CCP) in the [[Chinese Civil War]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://alphahistory.com/chineserevolution/mao-declares-new-nation-1949/|title=Mao Zedong declares a new nation (1949)|date=2015-08-10|website=Chinese Revolution|access-date=2019-10-26}}</ref> The PRC has for seven decades been synonymous with [[China]], but it is only the most recent political entity to govern mainland China, preceded by the [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]] (ROC) and thousands of years of [[Dynasties in Chinese history|imperial dynasties]]. The [[paramount leader]]s have been [[Mao Zedong]] (1949-1976), while [[Hua Guofeng]] briefly acted as the leader of the country during a transition period (1976-1978), [[Deng Xiaoping]] (1978-1989), [[Jiang Zemin]] (1989-2002), [[Hu Jintao]] (2002-2012) and [[Xi Jinping]] (2012 to present).
Since 1949, China has transformed from a traditional peasant society with unrelenting poverty and frequent deadly famines to the [[Economy of China|world's second-largest and fastest growing economy]], with a specialty in high productivity factories and leadership in some areas of high technology. After [[Sino-Soviet relations|receiving support]] from the [[USSR]] in the 1950s, the two nations became [[Sino-Soviet split|bitter enemies on a worldwide basis]] until the [[dissolution of the Soviet Union]] (USSR) in December 1991. Communism remains the [[Ideology of the Chinese Communist Party|official ideology]], with the Chinese Communist Party in full control, but with a new large middle class and hundreds of very rich entrepreneurs in the 21st century. The new wealth and technology led to a contest for primacy in Asian affairs versus [[India]], [[Japan]] and the [[United States]], and after 2017 a growing [[China–United States trade war|trade war with the United States]].<ref name="Jonathan Fenby 2019">Jonathan Fenby, ''The Penguin History of Modern China: The Fall and Rise of a Great Power 1850 to the Present'' (2019).</ref>
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