Arab Spring: Difference between revisions

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The police response has been described as a "brutal" crackdown on peaceful and unarmed protestors, including doctors and bloggers.<ref name="BBC News" /><ref name="scoop" /><ref name="independent" /> The police carried out midnight house raids in [[Shia Islam|Shia]] neighbourhoods, beatings at checkpoints, and denial of medical care in a "campaign of intimidation".<ref name="arabnews8" /><ref name="bbc9" /><ref name="www" /><ref name="csmonitor" /> More than 2,929 people have been arrested,<ref name="aljazeera4" /><ref name="washingtonpost" /> and at least five people died due to torture while in police custody.<ref name="bici" />{{rp|page=287,288|date=November 2012}} On 23 November 2011, the [[Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry]] released its report on its investigation of the events, finding that the government had systematically tortured prisoners and committed other human rights violations.<ref name="bici" />{{rp|pages=415–422|date=November 2012}} It also rejected the government's claims that the protests were instigated by [[Iran]].<ref name="BBC 9.3.2012" /> Although the report found that systematic torture had stopped,<ref name="bici" />{{rp|pages=417|date=November 2012}} the Bahraini government has refused entry to several international human rights groups and news organizations, and delayed a visit by a [[Juan E. Méndez|UN inspector]].<ref name="Report: Doctors targeted in Bahrain" /><ref name="reutbahdel" /> More than 80 people had [[Casualties of the Bahraini uprising of 2011 and its aftermath|died]] since the start of the uprising.<ref name="AJE 23.4.2012" />
 
Even a decade after the 2011 uprisings, the situation in Bahrain remained unchanged. The regime continued suppression against all forms of dissent. Years after the demonstrations, the Bahraini authorities are known to have accelerated their crackdown. They have been targeting human rights defenders, journalists, Shiite political groups and social media critics.<ref>{{cite_webcite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/bahrain-dubai-saudi-arabia-united-arab-emirates-persian-gulf-tensions-89f7d61bc6ec332de35675eb31265d29|title=A decade after 2011 protests, Bahrain suppresses all dissent|accessdateaccess-date=11 February 2021|website=The Associated Press}}</ref>
 
=== Egypt (2011) ===
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<ref name="afrol1">{{cite web|url=http://www.afrol.com/articles/37175 |title=Morocco King on holiday as people consider revolt |work=Afrol |date=30 January 2011 |access-date=1 February 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110202082141/http://www.afrol.com/articles/37175 |archive-date=2 February 2011 }}</ref>
 
<ref name="msnbcrage">{{cite news|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/41400687 |title='Day of rage' protest urged in Syria |publisherwork=NBC News |access-date=3 February 2011 }}</ref>
 
<ref name="Digital Dissidence Political Change: Cyberactivism and Citizen Journalism in Egypt">{{cite document | author=Courtney Radsch|title=Digital Dissidence and Political Change: Cyberactivism and Citizen Journalism in Egypt |date=2013|ssrn=2379913}}</ref>
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<ref name="Iraq PM plans no re-election">{{cite news|url=http://english.ruvr.ru/2011/02/05/43000042.html |title=Iraq PM plans no re-election |work=Voice of Russia |date=5 February 2011 |access-date=27 February 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111044547/http://english.ruvr.ru/2011/02/05/43000042.html |archive-date=11 January 2012 }}</ref>
 
<ref name="Iraqi prime minister won't run for third term">{{cite news|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/41437551 |title=Iraqi prime minister won't run for third term |publisherwork=NBC News |date=5 February 2011 }}</ref>
 
<ref name="Irish Times breaking26">{{cite news|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2011/0127/breaking26.html |title=Yemenis in anti-president protest |work=The Irish Times |date=27 January 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520132726/http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2011/0127/breaking26.html |archive-date=20 May 2011 }}</ref>
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<ref name="middle-east-online">[http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=44526 Moroccan king to make reforms with constitutional body] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110223070006/http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=44526 |date=23 February 2011 }}, Middle East Online, 22 February 2011;</ref>
 
<ref name="Mohammed Morsi sworn in as Egypt's president">{{cite news|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-202_162-57464345/mohammed-morsi-sworn-in-as-egypts-president/ |title=Mohammed Morsi sworn in as Egypt's president |publisherwork=CBS News |date=30 June 2012 |access-date=28 September 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120713204550/http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-202_162-57464345/mohammed-morsi-sworn-in-as-egypts-president/ |archive-date=13 July 2012 }}</ref>
 
<ref name="monstersandcritics">[http://www.monstersandcritics.com/news/middleeast/news/article_1621209.php/Bahrain-s-king-to-free-political-prisoners-as-protests-continue Bahrain's king to free political prisoners as protests continue] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110223064913/http://www.monstersandcritics.com/news/middleeast/news/article_1621209.php/Bahrain-s-king-to-free-political-prisoners-as-protests-continue |date=23 February 2011 }}, Monsters and Critics, 22 February 2011.</ref>
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<ref name="Tunisian government faces growing dissent in mining region">{{cite news|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p_multi=BBAB&d_place=BBAB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=122601958BA022A0&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM |title=Tunisian government faces growing dissent in mining region |publisher=NewsLibrary.com |date=4 August 2008 |access-date=19 March 2011}}</ref>
 
<ref name="Tunisian minister suspends ex-ruling party">{{cite news|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/41448216 |agency=Associated Press |title=Tunisian minister suspends ex-ruling party |publisherwork=NBC News |access-date=21 May 2012 }}</ref>
 
<ref name="Tunisian president vows to punish rioters after worst unrest in a decade">{{cite news|last=Borger|first=Julian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/dec/29/tunisian-president-vows-punish-rioters|title=Tunisian president vows to punish rioters after worst unrest in a decade|date=29 December 2010|work=The Guardian |location=UK|access-date=29 December 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101231194744/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/dec/29/tunisian-president-vows-punish-rioters| archive-date= 31 December 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref>