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|established_event7=[[Tunisian Revolution|Revolution Day]]|established_event8=[[Tunisian Constitution of 2014|2nd republic declared]]|established_date7=14 January 2011|established_date8=10 February 2014}}
'''Tunisia''',{{efn|Pronunciation: {{IPAc-en|UK|tj|uː|ˈ|n|ɪ|z|i|ə|,_|-|ˈ|n|ɪ|s|-}}, {{IPAc-en|US|-|ˈ|n|iː|ʒ|ə|,_|-|ˈ|n|iː|ʃ|ə|,_|-|ˈ|n|ɪ|ʒ|ə|,_|-|ˈ|n|ɪ|ʃ|ə}};<ref>{{citation|last=Wells|first=John C.|year=2008|title=Longman Pronunciation Dictionary|edition=3rd|publisher=Longman|isbn=9781405881180}}</ref> {{lang-ar|تونس}} ''{{audio|help=no|tounes bel tounsi.wav|Tūnis}}''; [[Berber language|Berber]]: {{Lang|ber|Tunest}}, <!---Berber added per consensus; please do not remove before reviewing talk page archives, and a consensus discussion on the talk page):--->; {{lang-fr|Tunisie}}<!--Despite the lack of official status, French is ''de facto'' an important language, so people should know what the French name is-->.}} officially the '''Republic of Tunisia''',{{efn|{{lang-ar|الجمهورية التونسية}} ''{{audio|help=no|tounesjmr.wav|al-Jumhūrīya at-Tūnisīya}}''; {{lang-fr|République tunisienne}})}} is the northernmost country in [[Africa]]. It is a part of the [[Maghreb]] region of [[North Africa]], and is bordered by [[Algeria]] to the west and southwest, [[Libya]] to the southeast, and the [[Mediterranean Sea]] to the north and east; covering {{convert|163610|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, with a population of 11 million. It contains the eastern end of the [[Atlas Mountains]] and the northern reaches of the [[Sahara]] desert, with much of its remaining territory [[arable land]]. Its {{convert|1300|km|mi|abbr=on}} of coastline include the African conjunction of the western and eastern parts of the [[Mediterranean Basin]]. Tunisia
From early antiquity, Tunisia was inhabited by the indigenous [[Berbers]]. [[Phoenicia]]ns began to arrive in the 12th century BC, establishing several settlements, of which [[Carthage]] emerged as the most powerful by the 7th century BC. A major mercantile empire and a military rival of the [[Roman Republic]], Carthage was [[Battle of Carthage (c. 149 BC)|defeated]] by the Romans in 146 BC, who occupied Tunisia for most of the next 800 years, introducing [[Christianity]] and leaving architectural legacies like the [[amphitheatre of El Jem]]. After several attempts starting in 647, [[Muslim conquest of the Maghreb|Muslims conquered]] all of Tunisia by 697, bringing [[Islam]] and [[Arabization|Arab culture]] to the local inhabitans. The [[Ottoman Empire]] established control in 1574 and held sway for over 300 years, until the [[French conquest of Tunisia|French conquered Tunisia]] in 1881. Tunisia gained independence under the leadership of [[Habib Bourguiba]], who declared the Tunisian Republic in 1957. Today, Tunisia is the smallest nation in North Africa, and its culture and identity are rooted in this centuries-long intersection of different cultures and ethnicities.
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