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|url=http://www.enbridgeincomefund.com/Learn-about-ENF/Our-Assets/Overview.aspx
|access-date=2018-07-07
|title=
|author=Enbridge Income Fund
|archive-date=2018-07-08
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180708082703/http://www.enbridgeincomefund.com/Learn-about-ENF/Our-Assets/Overview.aspx
|url-status=live
}}</ref> and {{convert|3,057|km|mi|adj=mid|-long}} '''Lakehead System''' (U.S. Mainline).<ref>{{Cite web
|url=https://www.enbridge.com/~/media/Enb/Documents/Projects/Line%203/ProjectHandouts/ENB_SuperiorBrochure.pdf?la=en
|access-date=2018-07-07
|title=Liquids Pipelines - Superior Region
|author=Enbridge Energy Limited Partnership
|archive-date=2018-07-08
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180708074558/https://www.enbridge.com/~/media/Enb/Documents/Projects/Line%203/ProjectHandouts/ENB_SuperiorBrochure.pdf?la=en
|url-status=live
}}</ref> On average, it delivers {{convert|1.4|Moilbbl/d}} of [[crude oil]] and other products to the major [[oil refinery|oil refineries]] in the [[United States|American]] [[Midwest]] and the Canadian province of [[Ontario]]. The Canadian portion is owned by [[Enbridge]], while the U.S. portion is partly owned by that company through Enbridge Energy Partners, LP, formerly known as Lakehead Pipe Line Partners and Lakehead Pipe Line Company.
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|1098
|37600
|18<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://dnr.wi.gov/topic/eia/enbridge.html|title=Enbridge Sandpiper & Line 3 Environmental Impact Statement - Wisconsin DNR|website=dnr.wi.gov|access-date=2016-11-15|archive-date=2016-11-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161116021645/http://dnr.wi.gov/topic/eia/enbridge.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|Natural gas liquids, refined products, light synthetics
|1950<ref name=":0" />
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|-
|colspan=2|[[Enbridge Line 3|Line 3]]
|Edmonton<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=http://ua.dnr.wi.gov/files/PDF/pubs/ea/EA0229.pdf|title=Final Environmental Impact Statement: Enbridge Sandpiper Pipeline and Line 3 Replacement Projects|last=Department of Natural Resources|first=Wisconsin|year=2016|location=Douglas County, WI: Author|access-date=2016-11-15|archive-date=2016-11-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161116020502/http://ua.dnr.wi.gov/files/PDF/pubs/ea/EA0229.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|[[Superior, Wisconsin]]<ref name=":1" />
|1097<ref name=":1" />
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|20
|light synthetic, sweet, light & high sour, medium, heavy
|1957<ref>{{Cite news|work=The Star|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2014/01/22/ontario_pipeline_expansion_is_quietly_approved.html|date=2014-01-22|access-date=2014-03-30|title=Ontario pipeline expansion is quietly approved|author=Jessica McDiarmid|archive-date=2014-01-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140124015714/http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2014/01/22/ontario_pipeline_expansion_is_quietly_approved.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|
|-
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|30
|light synthetic, sweet, light & high sour, medium, heavy
|1976<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.enbridge.com/ECRAI.aspx |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-08-09 |archive-date=2018-08-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180809184131/http://www.enbridge.com/ECRAI.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref>
|Reversal (originally proposed in 2012) was completed in two stages including an expansion of capacity from 240,000 BPD to 300,000 BPD in 2015<ref>{{Cite news|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/enbridge-line-idUSL2E8IRC9N20120727|date=2012-07-27|access-date=2018-08-09|title=Enbridge bid for partial Line 9 reversal approved|author=Reuters Staff|archive-date=2018-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180809184242/https://www.reuters.com/article/enbridge-line-idUSL2E8IRC9N20120727|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|work=Financial Post|url=https://business.financialpost.com/commodities/energy/oil-begins-to-flow-through-line-9-today-as-enbridge-inc-hikes-dividend-releases-outlook|date=2015-12-03|access-date=2018-08-09|title=Oil begins to flow through Line 9 today as Enbridge Inc hikes dividend, releases outlook|author=National Post Wire Services|archive-date=2018-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180809184005/https://business.financialpost.com/commodities/energy/oil-begins-to-flow-through-line-9-today-as-enbridge-inc-hikes-dividend-releases-outlook|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| colspan= 2 | Line 10
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|12/20
|light synthetic, sweet, light & high sour, medium, heavy
|1962<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.enbridge.com/Line-10-Westover-Segment-Replacement-Project.aspx|title=The Line 10 Westover Segment Replacement Project|access-date=2017-03-03|language=en|archive-date=2017-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170303200819/http://www.enbridge.com/Line-10-Westover-Segment-Replacement-Project.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref>
|
|-
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==Expansion==
As of 2013 there were expansion plans for the pipeline system which would, if permitted and fully built, provide the capacity to transport an amount of [[dilbit]] from the [[Athabasca oil sands]] into the United States and the Gulf Coast equal to that of the [[Keystone Pipeline]].<ref name=ICN6313>{{cite news|title=Map: Another Major Tar Sands Pipeline Seeking U.S. Permit: Canadian energy giant Enbridge is quietly building a 5,000-mile network of new and expanded pipelines that would achieve the same goal as the Keystone.|url=http://insideclimatenews.org/news/20130603/map-another-major-tar-sands-pipeline-seeking-us-permit|access-date=June 4, 2013|newspaper=Inside Climate News|date=June 3, 2013|archive-date=June 11, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130611004305/http://insideclimatenews.org/news/20130603/map-another-major-tar-sands-pipeline-seeking-us-permit|url-status=live}}</ref>
==Accidents and incidents==
=== Largest ever inland oil spill ===
In 1991, Enbridge's [[Enbridge Line 3|Line 3 pipeline]] spilled 1.7 million gallons of oil in Grand Rapids, MN.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mprnews.org/story/2018/04/23/timeline-line-3-enbridge-oil-pipeline|title=Line 3 timeline: From construction to present day battles|last=Nelson|first=Cody|date=April 23, 2018|website=MPRNews|access-date=June 28, 2018|archive-date=June 27, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180627231941/https://www.mprnews.org/story/2018/04/23/timeline-line-3-enbridge-oil-pipeline|url-status=live}}</ref> This was the largest inland spill of oil ever in U.S. history.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mprnews.org/story/2018/06/20/rivers-of-oil-podcast-line3-pipeline-ep2-spill|title=Rivers of Oil, Episode 2: The largest inland spill|last=Kraker|first=Dan|date=June 20, 2018|website=MPRNews|access-date=June 28, 2018|archive-date=June 27, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180627231158/https://www.mprnews.org/story/2018/06/20/rivers-of-oil-podcast-line3-pipeline-ep2-spill|url-status=live}}</ref> Deliberations over construction of a new Line 3 pipeline have drawn [[Enbridge Line 3#Line 3 Controversy in Minnesota|resistance]] from [[climate justice]] organizers and Native communities in Minnesota.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mprnews.org/story/2018/06/25/mn-regulators-decide-this-week-enbridge-line3|title=Minnesota regulators to decide this week on Enbridge Line 3|date=June 25, 2018|website=MPRNews|access-date=June 28, 2018|archive-date=June 25, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625162049/https://www.mprnews.org/story/2018/06/25/mn-regulators-decide-this-week-enbridge-line3|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Cohasset, MN oil spill ===
On July 4th, 2002, 252,000 gallons of crude oil spilled into a marsh near [[Cohasset, Minnesota]] due to a rupture of Line 4 running from [[Edmonton|Edmonton, Alberta, Canada]], and [[Superior, Wisconsin]].<ref name=":2">National Transportation Safety Board. (2002). ''[https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/PAR0401.pdf Rupture of Enbridge Pipeline and Release of Crude Oil near Cohasset, Minnesota] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017165518/https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/PAR0401.pdf |date=2020-10-17 }}''. Pipeline Accident Report NTSB/PAR-04/01. Washington, DC: Author.</ref> Emergency responders enacted a controlled burn at 4:45pm the next day to prevent the oil from penetrating into any waterways. The cost of remediating the accident was reported around $5.6 million.<ref name=":2" />
=== Clearbrook Junction, MN, fire ===
On November 28, 2007, a large fire erupted during pipeline repair work at the Clearbrook Junction. This fire, described by a spokesperson for the Minnesota Department of Public Safety as a "big fire, not an explosion", killed two workers and caused a $4 per barrel spike in oil prices the following day. The {{convert|34|in|mm|adj=on}} pipeline carries crude from [[Saskatchewan]] to the [[Chicago]] area.<ref>{{cite news | author=Bloomberg News | title=Enbridge Fined in Fatal Minnesota Accident | url=http://www.chron.com/business/article/Enbridge-fined-in-fatal-Minnesota-accident-1705992.php | work=The Chron | date=August 18, 2010 | access-date=15 June 2012 | archive-date=28 October 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131028012942/http://www.chron.com/business/article/Enbridge-fined-in-fatal-Minnesota-accident-1705992.php | url-status=live }}</ref>
=== Kalamazoo River oil spill ===
{{main article|Kalamazoo River oil spill}}
On July 26, 2010, 840,000 gallons of [[dilbit]] crude oil leaked from the pipeline in [[Calhoun County, Michigan]], spilling into Talmadge Creek that flows into the [[Kalamazoo River]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Oil spills into Calhoun County creek that leads to Kalamazoo River |first=Fritz |last=Klug |work=The [[Kalamazoo Gazette]] |date=2010-07-26 |url=http://www.mlive.com/news/kalamazoo/index.ssf/2010/07/oil_spills_into_creek_that_lea.html |
===2018 Tugboat anchor incident===
In 2018, a tugboat dropped its anchor on the pipeline near Michigan, denting the pipe.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.woodtv.com/news/michigan/enbridge-damaged-oil-pipeline-was-close-to-rupture/1178560262
==See also==
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