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== Migratory relations Italy-Tunisia ==
Since the [[Italian unification|Unification of Italy]], there has been a considerable migration of Italians to Tunisia.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Garelli|first=Glenda|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/963567492|title=Tunisia as a revolutionized space of migration|date=2017|others=Martina Tazzioli|isbn=978-1-137-50587-3|location=New York|oclc=963567492}}</ref>
In Tunisia the [[Economy of Tunisia|economic]] and [[Politics of Tunisia|political]] crisis is relevant. The year 2015 was marked by [[2015 Sousse attacks|terrorist attacks]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=2017-02-01|title=Tunisia attack: What happened|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-33304897|access-date=2021-06-01}}</ref>
To create agreements and collaborations about immigration, development and support for the Tunisian population in their country there are ongoing [[Negotiation|negotiations]] between the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Tunisia)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of Tunisia]] and [[Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs|Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of Italy]].
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In March 2021, a [[Bilateralism|bilateral agreement]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Meeting of Minister Di Maio with the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Tunisia, Othman Jerandi|url=https://www.esteri.it/mae/en/sala_stampa/archivionotizie/comunicati/2021/03/incontro-del-ministro-di-maio-con-il-ministro-degli-affari-esteri-della-tunisia-othman-jerandi.html|access-date=2021-05-31|website=www.esteri.it|language=en-gb}}</ref> was signed. In August 2020 ministers [[Luigi Di Maio]] and [[Luciana Lamorgese]] visited Tunisia and the aim of the visit was to reaffirm the joint commitment to a strong EU-Tunisia partnership, covering political and economic relations as well as cooperation in the field of migration. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-29|title=Italian interior minister urges Tunisia to act on migration|url=https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/26296/italian-interior-minister-urges-tunisia-to-act-on-migration|access-date=2021-05-31|website=InfoMigrants|language=en}}</ref> [https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/news_corner/news/commissioners-johansson-and-v%C3%A1rhelyi-tunisia_en] In 2020, also, there was an agreement between Italy and the [[European Union]] for migration flows [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52020SC0207&from=EN].
== Economic relations ==
The geographical proximity and the free access to the European market by Tunisia make commercial relations between the two countries quite stable.
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Trade in 2020 was around 4.5 billion euros. Italy is the second supplier of the North African country, after [[France]], with a market share of about 15% in 2020 and is its second customer.
The presence of Italian companies in Tunisia is strong with 426 active Italian companies which employ 8,836 people. They account for almost a third of all foreign-owned companies in Tunisia
== Fiscal agreement ==
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'''Double tax agreements (1979)'''
On 16 May 1979, in Tunis, the Government of the Italian Republic and the Government of the Tunisian Republic signed the [[Tax treaty|Convention to avoid double taxation]] in the field of income taxes and to prevent tax evasion
'''Bilateral investment treaty (1985)'''
The [[Bilateral investment treaty|Bilateral Investment Treaty]] between Italy and Tunisia was signed in Rome on 17 October 1985. This treaty establishes the terms and conditions for private investments by citizens and companies of a state in the territory of the other country
== Energy cooperation ==
In the context of energy cooperation, the presence of the [[Transmed]] gas pipeline is significant. It crosses the Mediterranean and Tunisia connects Italy to the [[Algeria|Algerian]] gas fields.
On 30 November 2016, during the “Tunisia 2020” international conference, [[Eni|ENI]] and the Tunisian state company [[Entreprise Tunisienne d'Activités Pétrolières|ETAP]] signed a further cooperation agreement for the development of energy generation projects from renewable sources
On 2 May, 2019, as part of the first Italy-Tunisia intergovernmental summit, held in Tunis, the vice-premier and minister of economic development, Luigi Di Maio, signed an agreement with the Tunisian minister of industry, Slim Feriani. The agreement concerns the construction of a submarine power line between Italy and Tunisia co-financed by the [[European Union]] and the energy companies [[Terna Group|Terna]] and [[Tunisian Company of Electricity and Gas|STEG]].<ref>[https://www.ansa.it/canale_ambiente/notizie/focus_energia/2019/05/02/elettrodotto-italia-tunisia-ce-laccordo-intergovernativo_f23bc1ae-1fe2-4bef-8944-496457a16b30.html "Elettrodotto Italia-Tunisia; c’è l’accordo intergovernativo"], ANSA, 02 May 2019. Retrieved 25 May 2021.</ref>
On 2 July 2019 in Tunis, the Minister of Industry Slim Feriani and the CEO of ENI [[Claudio Descalzi ]] signed a new agreement in the presence of the Prime Minister of Tunisia [[Youssef Chahed]]. It extends cooperation for the transit of Algerian natural gas through Tunisia until 2029
== Cultural cooperation ==
Historically, Italy and Tunisia are also linked on a cultural level, as [[International migration|migration]] and [[colonization]] during the [[19th century]] brought large numbers of [[Italians]] to the [[North Africa|North African]] country. The Italian presence supported the building of hospitals, schools, industries, small towns (the most famous being [[La Goulette]]), newspapers, reviews and cultural institutes. Moreover, the links between Italy and Tunisia range from culture and literature to gastronomy and even language itself, as the Tunisian language has absorbed many words from the Italian language, for example ''jilat'' from the Italian ''gelato'' (meaning 'ice cream').<ref>{{Citation|title=Italian Tunisians|date=2021-05-10|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Italian_Tunisians&oldid=1022430975|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2021-06-03}}</ref>
A cooperation agreement, dating back to 1997, governs cultural relations between Tunisia and Italy, managing teacher exchanges and the awarding of [[Scholarship|scholarships]] and research grants. The [[Istituto Italiano di Cultura|Italian Cultural Institute]] plays the important role of presenting Italian culture in order to consolidate cultural relations between the two countries. This state body, which depends on and answers to the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs]], organizes [[Italian language]] study courses with mother tongue teachers and final exams, offers translations into [[Arabic]] of literary works of significant value for [[Culture of Italy|Italian culture]], the diffusion of [[Cinema of Italy|Italian cinema]], arranges concerts, art exhibitions and festivals and provides information of various kinds on the Italian school system, scholarships and more. In general, the Institute is concerned with spreading knowledge of Italian culture in the country.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cooperazione culturale|url=https://ambtunisi.esteri.it/ambasciata_tunisi/it/i_rapporti_bilaterali/cooperazione%20culturale|access-date=2021-06-03|website=ambtunisi.esteri.it|language=it-it}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Chi Siamo|url=https://iictunisi.esteri.it/iic_tunisi/it/istituto/chi_siamo|access-date=2021-06-03|website=iictunisi.esteri.it|language=it-it}}</ref>
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Craxi continued from Tunisia to participate in Italian political life through faxes and letters. In the last years of his life he suffered from numerous health problems and there was a vain attempt to negotiate his return to Italy, also for medical treatment, which was unsuccessful.<ref>{{Citation|title=Bettino Craxi|date=2021-06-04|url=https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bettino_Craxi&oldid=121076283|work=Wikipedia|language=it|access-date=2021-06-04}}</ref>
== See also ==▼
* [[Foreign relations of Italy]]▼
* [[Foreign relations of Tunisia]] ▼
* [[Tunisia–European Union relations|Tunisia–EU relations]]▼
* [[Italian Tunisians]]▼
* [[List of ambassadors of Italy to Tunisia]]▼
==References==
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* [http://www.diplomatie.gov.tn/site/index.php?a=article&id=459 Tunisian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Italy (in French only)]{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
*[[Italian Tunisians]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Italy-Tunisia relations}}
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[[Category:Bilateral relations of Tunisia]]
[[Category:Relations of colonizer and former colony]]
▲== See also ==
▲* [[Foreign relations of Italy]]
▲* [[Foreign relations of Tunisia]]
▲* [[Tunisia–European Union relations|Tunisia–EU relations]]
▲* [[Italian Tunisians]]
▲* [[List of ambassadors of Italy to Tunisia]]
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