Constitution of Egypt: Difference between revisions

The '''Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt''' is the fundamental law of [[Egypt]].

The Egyptian Constitution of 2014 was passed in a [[Egyptian constitutional referendum, 2014|referendum in January 2014]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Egypt constitution 'approved by 98.1 percent'|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/01/egypt-constitution-approved-981-percent-201411816326470532.html|publisher=Al Jazeera English|date=18 January 2014|accessdate=18 January 2014}}</ref> The constitution took effect after the results were announced on 18 January 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/News/91874.aspx|title=UPDATE 6: 98.1% approves post-June 30 constitution|publisher=Ahram Online|date=18 January 2014|accessdate=19 January 2014}}</ref>

The constitution adopted in 2014, like the constitution drafted under Morsi, is based on the [[Egyptian Constitution of 1971]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/01/what-egypt-proposed-new-constitution-201411312385987166.html|title=What's in Egypt's proposed new constitution?|publisher=Al Jazeera English|date=14 January 2014|accessdate=20 January 2014}}</ref>

The 2014 constitution sets up a president and parliament.<ref name="BBC">{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-25796110|title=BBC News - Egypt referendum: '98% back new constitution'|last=BBC|date=18 January 2014|work=[[BBC Online]]|accessdate=19 January 2014}}</ref> The president is elected to a four-year term and may serve 2 terms.<ref name="BBC"/> The parliament may impeach the president.<ref name="BBC"/> Under the constitution, there is a guarantee of equality between the sexes and an absolute freedom of belief, but Islam is the state religion.<ref name="BBC"/> The military retains the ability to appoint the national Minister of Defense for the next 8 years.<ref name="BBC"/> Under the constitution, political parties may not be based on "religion, race, gender or geography".<ref name="BBC"/> The document guarantees an absolute freedom of expression that is subject to broad exceptions.<ref name="NYT17Jan">{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/17/world/middleeast/egypt-constitution-nears-passage-as-authorities-step-up-crackdown-.html?_r=0|title=Egypt’sEgypt's Crackdown Belies Constitution as It Nears Approval|last=David H. Kirkpatrick|date=17 January 2014|work=New York Times|accessdate=19 January 2014}}</ref>