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# Reforms in higher education, Jordan Academic Society and World Affairs Council, Amman, March 31, 2015.
== Major Contributions of Significant Application Impact: ==
'''''<big>In Research and Development (R&D) International):</big>'''''
# After extensive research on banana metabolism and ethylene biogenesis, an environmental technique was developed to suppress respiration and ethylene evolution-extend the shelf life and delay the ripening process. Fruits were harvested at large caliber, without being at risk of turning ripe during shipping. This lead to quality bananas branded Banavac (Chiquita), shipped all over the world from central America (1963-1966).
# After extensive biochemical and histological research on the mechanism of polyphenoloxidase and identifying substrate (L-dopamine) and inhibitors of high molecular weight (tannins) A technique was developed to control the core browning and the peel scars of bananas, elucidating the mechanism of core browning and chilling injury . The outcome has lead to quality bananas brand " Chiquita", free of core browning and dark scars (1963-1966).
'''''<big>In Institutional Building, (National):</big>'''''
* 1994-1998 Deputy Director General (DDG), UNESCO, Paris..▼
# Establishing and managing a university of two campuses:
* The l<sup>st</sup> campus for arts, sciences, humanities, social sciences, education, economics and administrative sciences, fine arts, physical education, mass communication, and continuing education and community services with general and physical facilities and students dormitories and staff housing. This campus houses 30000 students with faculty of 850 Ph.D. and 1200 of technical and administrative staff (110,000 m2 construction space - 200 acres), 1976 1986.
* 1986-1987 Secretary General of the Higher Council for Science and Technology, Jordan.▼
* The 2<sup>nd</sup> campus for science and technology, which houses faculties of medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, public health and allied health sciences, nursing, engineering, agriculture, and veterinary medicine. Staffing development of faculty and technical staff was undertaken, and a campus of 500,000 m2 on 1200 hectares was constructed. The campus houses 20000 students. 1976 1986.
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# Developing and expanding Philadelphia University as its president, from 3300 undergraduate students to a comprehensive university of 7500 students of diversified specializations.
# Developing and expanding University of Petra as its president to 7465 undergraduate & graduate students and improving quality and standards.
'''''<big>In Building Science Curriculum & Textbooks:</big>'''''
* Science curricula for Jordan and Arab region (ALECSO) and Oman were developed with complete textbooks in biology for secondary education were authored. In addition, curricula and textbooks for community colleges - higher education in Oman.
* Co-chairman of UNESCO – EOLSS Joint Committee for the Development of "Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems" of 200 volumes written by 3000 scientists world- wide, published electronically. 2006. www.EOLSS.Net
* President AAS who published "Encyclopedia of the Arab Region", 4 volumes. 2007.
'''''<big>In Formulating Science and Technology Policies (National, Regional)</big>:'''''
# As a member of the executive committee for science and technology strategy in the Middle East, supported by ALECSO, a strategy was developed and published in 1988.
# Also, an institutional framework for National Science and Technology policies priorities of R&D for implementing programmes, at the national and regional levels.
'''''<big>In Institutional Cooperation for Development:</big>'''''
* As Assistant Director-General for Science (1990-1994) at UNESCO-Paris, responsible for the Science Sector programme at UNESCO: (1) Science and technology for development; (2) Environment and development. The Science Sector comprising 280 professionals and administrative staff at Headquarters, Paris and six regional field science offices in Asia, Africa, Eastern Europe, Latin America and biennial regular budget of $55 million and $60 million extrabudgetary. Science has achieved a high multiplying effect on concentrating on priority areas for developing human resources and national capacities on which science and technology depend; and increasingly is being harnessed for sustainable development
The mode of action is mobilization and facilitating partnerships with NGOs and international centers and fostering on cooperation research and enhancing intellectual cooperation. Interactive multimedia and information technology in frontier areas which have greater impact on development have yielded very positive results at the grass roots level.
# UNESCO, an International Intergovernmental Organization (192 Member States), with a wide mandate on Education, Science, Culture and Communication and a regular staff of 2200--almost half of whom are at Headquarters, Paris, while the remainder are spread over 60 Field Offices covering all regions and subregions of the world. Operates with a biennial regular budget of $518 million and extra budgetary of $290 million.
# To be cost-effective, time-effective and relevant, and efficient in delivery to Member States, we have as DDG of UNESCO undergone a strong reform change and renewal in order to adapt to new realities of a rapidly changing and complex world.
#Rationalization of permanent staff and development of high calibre rotating rosters of experts in every region of the world to carry out the programme.
* Decentralization and mobilization of other resources.
* Concentration and prioritization.
* Seed-funding partnership (i.e. African Technology Fund, etc.) and increasing extra budgetary resources.
* Fund raising, Delivery of high quality services.
* Capacity building in education, science, culture, media & communication at the grass- roots levels.
==References==
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