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'''Connectionism''' is a set of approaches in the fields of [[artificial intelligence]], [[cognitive psychology]], [[cognitive science]], [[neuroscience]], and [[philosophy of mind]], that models [[mind|mental]] or [[behavior]]al phenomena as the [[emergence|emergent processes]] of ''interconnected networks of simple units''. The term was introduced by [[Donald Hebb]] in
==Basic principles==
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# Any mental state can be described as an (N)-dimensional [[Vector (mathematics)|vector]] of numeric activation values over neural units in a network.
# Memory is created by modifying the strength of the connections between neural units. The connection strengths, or "weights", are generally represented as an
Most of the variety among neural network models comes from:
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Many earlier researchers advocated connectionist style models, for example in the 1940s and 1950s, [[Warren McCulloch]] and [[Walter Pitts]] ([[Artificial neuron|MP neuron]]), [[Donald Olding Hebb]], and [[Karl Lashley]]. McCulloch and Pitts showed how neural systems could implement [[first-order logic]]: Their classic paper "A Logical Calculus of Ideas Immanent in Nervous Activity" (1943) is important in this development here. They were influenced by the important work of [[Nicolas Rashevsky]] in the 1930s. Hebb contributed greatly to speculations about neural functioning, and proposed a learning principle, [[Hebbian learning]], that is still used today. Lashley argued for distributed representations as a result of his failure to find anything like a localized [[Engram (neuropsychology)|engram]] in years of [[lesion]] experiments.
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Though PDP is the dominant form of connectionism, other theoretical work should also be classified as connectionist.
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==References==
* Rumelhart, D.E., J.L. McClelland and the PDP Research Group (1986). ''Parallel Distributed Processing: Explorations in the Microstructure of Cognition. Volume 1: Foundations'', Cambridge, MA: [[MIT Press]]
* McClelland, J.L., D.E. Rumelhart and the PDP Research Group (1986). ''Parallel Distributed Processing: Explorations in the Microstructure of Cognition. Volume 2: Psychological and Biological Models'', Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
* Pinker, Steven and Mehler, Jacques (1988). ''Connections and Symbols'', Cambridge MA: MIT Press.
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