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'''Participatory design''' (originally '''co-operative design''', now often '''co-design''') is an approach to design attempting to actively involve all stakeholders (e.g. employees, partners, customers, citizens, end users) in the design process to help ensure the result meets their needs and is [[usability|usable]]. Participatory design is an approach which is focused on processes and procedures of design and is not a design style. The term is used in a variety of fields e.g. [[software design]], [[urban design]], [[architecture]], [[landscape architecture]], [[product design]], [[sustainability]], [[graphic design]], planning, and even medicine as a way of creating environments that are more responsive and appropriate to their inhabitants' and users' cultural, emotional, spiritual and practical needs. It is one approach to [[placemaking]].
Recent research suggests that designers create more innovative concepts and ideas when working within a co-design environment with others than they do when creating ideas on their own.<ref>Mitchell, V., Ross, T., May, A., Sims, R., & Parker, C. (2015). Empirical investigation of the impact of using co-design methods when generating proposals for sustainable travel solutions. CoDesign. http://doi.org/10.1080/15710882.2015.1091894</ref> <ref>Trischler, Jakob, Simon J. Pervan, Stephen J. Kelly and Don R. Scott (2017), "The value of codesign: The effect of customer involvement in service design teams", Journal of Service Research, OnlineFirst 1-26.</ref>
Participatory design has been used in many settings and at various scales. For some, this approach has a political dimension of user empowerment and democratization. For others, it is seen as a way of abrogating design responsibility and innovation by designers.
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