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==Overview==
Gafsa is the capital of the southwest of Tunisia and is both a historical oasis and home to the mining industry of Tunisia. The city had 111,170 inhabitants at the 2014 census, under the ruling of the mayor, Malek Necibi.<ref name="ins">{{cite web|url=http://www.ins.nat.tn/fr/rgph2.1.commune.php?code_modalite=24451&Code_indicateur=0301007&Submit3=Envoyer
==Ancient history==
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The [[Vandals]] conquered the Roman city and ruled it until the death of [[Genseric]] (477). The Berbers then occupied it, making it the capital of a [[Romano-Berber states|Romano-Berber kingdom]] until subjected to [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantium]] under [[Justinian I]] (527–565). He made Capsa the capital of the province of [[Byzacena]]. The Duke of Byzacena resided there. In 540, the Byzantine governor general [[Solomon (Byzantine general)|Solomon]] built a new city wall, naming the city Justiniana Capsa.<ref name=CE/>
The Arab army of [[Oqba Ibn Nafi]] conquered Gafsa in 688, in spite of resistance from the Berbers.<ref>[http://www.asmgafsa.org.tn/historique.htm History of Gafsa (in French)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140515010916/http://www.asmgafsa.org.tn/historique.htm |date=2014-05-15 }}</ref> After the [[Muslim conquest of the Maghreb|Arab conquest]], Capsa started to lose importance, replaced by [[Muslim]]-founded [[Kairouan]].
Historians such as Camps and Laverde consider Gafsa the place in North Africa where [[African Romance]] last survived, until the 13th century, as a spoken language.
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