Mutiny: Difference between revisions

The military law of England in early times existed, like the forces to which it applied, in a period of war only. Troops were raised for a particular service and were disbanded upon the cessation of hostilities. The crown, by prerogative, made laws known as ''Articles of War'' for the government and discipline of the troops while thus embodied and serving. Except for the punishment of desertion, which was made a [[felony]] by statute in the reign of [[Henry VI of England|Henry VI]], these ordinances or Articles of War remained almost the sole authority for the enforcement of discipline until 1689 when the first ''Mutiny Act'' was passed and the military forces of the crown were brought under the direct control of parliament. Even the Parliamentary forces in the time of [[Charles I of England|Charles I]] and [[Oliver Cromwell]] were governed, not by an act of the legislature, but by articles of war similar to those issued by the king and authorized by an ordinance of the Lords and Commons exercising in that respect the sovereign prerogative. This power of law-making by prerogative was however held to be applicable during a state of actual war only, and attempts to exercise it in time of peace were ineffectual. Subject to this limitation, it existed for considerably more than a century after the passing of the first Mutiny Act.

 

 

In 1715, in consequence of the rebellion, this power was created in respect of the forces in the kingdom but apart from and in no respect affected the principle acknowledged all this time that the crown of its mere prerogative could make laws for the government of the army in foreign countries in time of war.

* [[Sack of Antwerp]], one of the many mutinies in the Spanish [[Army of Flanders]]<ref>{{aut|Parker, G.}} (2004) ''The Army of Flanders and the Spanish Road 1567–1659. Second edition''. Cambridge U.P., {{ISBN|978-0-521-54392-7}}, ch.8</ref> during the [[Eighty Years' War]]; this mutiny caused the provinces of the [[Habsburg Netherlands]] to temporarily unite in rebellion against [[Philip II of Spain]] and sign the [[Pacification of Ghent]].

*[[Sack of Rome (1527)]], military event carried out by the mutinous troops of [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor]].

===17th century===

* [[Discovery (1602 ship)|Discovery]] mutiny in 1611 during the 4th voyage of [[Henry Hudson]], after having been trapped in pack ice over the winter, his desire to continue incited the crew to casting him and 8 others adrift.

*[[1936 Naval Revolt (Portugal)|1936 Naval Revolt]] in Portugal, also known as the Mutiny on the Tagus ships. Sailors aboard two Portuguese ships imprisoned their officers and attempted to sail out into the open sea. Coastal artillery disabled both ships and the [[Estado Novo (Portugal)|Estado Novo]] shortly thereafter founded the [[Legião Portuguesa (Estado Novo)|Legião Portuguesa]].

* [[Cocos Islands Mutiny]], a failed mutiny by [[Sri Lanka]]n servicemen on the [[British Empire|then-British]] [[Cocos (Keeling) Islands]] during the [[Second World War]].

* [[Port Chicago mutiny]] on August 9, 1944, three weeks after the Port Chicago disaster. 258 out of the 320 African-American sailors in the ordnance battalion refused to load any ammunition.<ref>Though 50 sailors were convicted of mutiny after the [[Port Chicago disaster]], there is some question as to whether there was a conspiracy, a prerequisite of mutiny, rather than simple refusal to obey a lawful order. All of the sailors were willing to do any other task except load ammunition under unsafe conditions.</ref> See also [[African-American mutinies in the United States armed forces]].

* [[Terrace Mutiny|Terrace mutiny]], a mutiny by French-Canadian soldiers in Terrace, British Columbia, in November 1944.

* [[209th Detachment, 2325th Group|Unit 684 Mutiny]] occurred when members of South Korean black ops Unit 684 mutinied for unclear reasons.

* [[Storozhevoy#Mutiny|The Storozhevoy Mutiny]] occurred on 9 November 1975 in [[Riga]], [[Latvia]]. The [[Political commissar|political officer]] locked up the [[Soviet Navy]] captain and sailed the ship toward [[Leningrad]].

* Following [[Operation Blue Star]] against Sikh militants holed in the [[Harmandir Sahib|Golden Temple]] in the Sikh [[holy city]] of [[Amritsar]], many soldiers and officers of [[Indian Army]]'s [[Sikh Regiment]] mutinied or resigned.<ref>{{cite web|author=AP |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/07/02/world/general-promises-to-punish-sikh-mutineers.html |title=General Promises To Punish Sikh Mutineers |location=India; Amritsar (India); Punjab State (India) |work=New York Times |date=1984-07-02 |accessdate=2012-06-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sikhmuseum.com/bluestar/newsreports/840611_6.html |title=Operation Blue Star 1984 Golden Temple Attack Sikhs |publisher=Sikhmuseum.com |date=1984-06-11 |accessdate=2012-06-10}}</ref>

* 2003 [[Oakwood mutiny]] – A group of 321 officers and personnel of the [[Armed Forces of the Philippines|Philippines Armed Forces]] took over the Oakwood Premier Ayala Center serviced apartment tower in [[Makati City]] to show the Filipino people the alleged corruption of Pres. [[Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo]].