Within the context of social networks, many, including Metcalfe himself, have proposed modified models in which the value of the network grows as ''n'' × log ''n'' rather than ''n''<sup>2</sup>.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://vcmike.wordpress.com/2006/08/18/metcalfe-social-networks/ |title=Guest Blogger Bob Metcalfe: Metcalfe's Law Recurses Down the Long Tail of Social Networks |date=18 August 2006 |accessdate=2010-06-20}}</ref><ref>B. Briscoe, A. Odlyzko, and B. Tilly, Metcalfe’s law is wrong, ''IEEE Spectrum'' '''43''':7 (2006), pp. 34–39.</ref> Reed and Odlyzko have sought out possible relationships to Metcalfe's Law in terms of describing the relationship of a network and one can read about how those are related. Tongia and Wilson also examine the related question of the costs to those excluded.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ijoc.org/ojs/index.php/ijoc/article/view/873/549 |title=The Flip Side of Metcalfe's Law: Multiple and Growing Costs of Network Exclusion | author = Rahul Tongia and Ernest Wilson| date= September 2007 |accessdate=2013-01-15}}</ref>
