Egyptian Crisis (2011–2014): Difference between revisions

{{Redirect|Egyptian crisis|the crisis of 1840|Oriental Crisis of 1840|the crisis of 1956|Suez Crisis}}

The '''Egyptian Crisis''' began with the [[Egyptian revolution of 2011]], when hundreds of thousands of [[Egypt]]ians took to the streets in an ideologically and socially diverse mass protest movement that ultimately forced longtime president [[Hosni Mubarak]] from office.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/26/world/middleeast/26egypt.html?pagewanted=all|agency=The New York Times|title=Violent Clashes Mark Protests Against Mubarak’s Rule|date=25 January 2011|accessdate=8 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/02/201121125158705862.html|agency=Al Jazeera|title=Hosni Mubarak resigns as president|date=11 February 2011|accessdate=8 January 2015}}</ref> A protracted political crisis ensued, with the [[Supreme Council of the Armed Forces]] taking control of the country until a series of popular elections, which are known thought to have been tampered with, brought the [[Muslim Brotherhood]] to [[Muslim Brotherhood in post-Mubarak electoral politics of Egypt|power]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/mar/27/egypt-scaf-safe-exit-deal|agency=The Guardian|title=Egypt told to give military leaders 'safe exit' by western governments|date=27 March 2012|accessdate=8 January 2015}}</ref> However, disputes between elected [[Islamism|Islamist]] president [[Mohamed Morsi]] and secularists continued until the [[June 2013 Egyptian protests|anti-government protests in June 2013]] that led to the [[2013 Egyptian coup d'état|overthrow]] of Morsi in 2013, in what has been variably described as a [[coup d'état]] or as an ending to the second revolution, or both.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2013/07/03/is-what-happened-in-egypt-a-coup-or-a-revolution-its-both/|agency=The Washington Post|title=Is what happened in Egypt a coup or a revolution? It’s both.|date=3 July 2013|accessdate=8 January 2015}}</ref> [[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]], who announced the overthrow of Morsi, then became the leader of Egypt the following year, winning election to the presidency in a [[Egyptian presidential election, 2014|landslide victory]] described by EU observers as free but not necessarily fair.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/102492/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-vote-free-but-not-necessarily-fair-EU-elect.aspx|agency=Ahram Online|title=Egypt's vote free but not necessarily fair: EU official|date=May 29, 2014|accessdate=February 4, 2016}}</ref> Nonetheless, Sisi's election was widely recognized, and the political situation has largely stabilized since he officially took power; however, some protests have continued despite a government crackdown. The crisis has also spawned an ongoing [[Sinai insurgency|insurgency]] led by [[Ansar Bait al-Maqdis]] in the [[Sinai Peninsula]], which became increasingly intertwined with the [[military intervention against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|regional conflict]] against the [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] later in 2014.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://time.com/3612225/william-henderson-sinai-egypt/|title=Sinai Insurgency Shows Signs of Spreading after ISIS-Linked Militants Say They Killed U.S. Engineer|date=1 December 2014|accessdate=9 January 2015|agency=TIME}}</ref>