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{{Infobox election
| election_name = 2012 Egyptian presidential election
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{{Politics of Egypt}}
A '''presidential election''' was held in [[Egypt]] in two rounds, the first on 23 and 24 May 2012 and the second on 16 and 17 June. The [[Muslim Brotherhood]] declared early 18 June 2012, that its candidate, [[Mohamed Morsi]], won Egypt's presidential election, which would be the first victory of an [[Islamist]] as head of state in the [[Arab world]].<ref>{{cite news|last=El Deeb and Keath|first=Sarah and Lee|title=Islamist claims victory in Egypt president vote|url=http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/M/ML_EGYPT?SITE=AP&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT&CTIME=2012-06-17-23-11-03|work=Associated Press|accessdate=18 June 2012}}</ref> It was the second presidential election in Egypt's history with more than one candidate, following the
In the first round, with a voter turnout of 46%, the results were split between five major candidates: Mohamed Morsi (25%), [[Ahmed Shafik]] (24%), [[Hamdeen Sabahi]] (21%), [[Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh]] (17%), and [[Amr Moussa]] (11%), while the remaining 2% were split between several smaller candidates. The elections set the stage for the divisions that were to follow, along sharia and secular lines, and those opposed to and those supporting the former political elite. Islamist candidates Morsi and Fotouh won roughly 42% of the vote, while the remaining three secular candidates won 56% of the vote. Candidates Shafik and Moussa held positions under the Mubarak regime and won 35% of the vote, while Sabahi was a prominent dissident during the Sadat and Mubarak regimes.<ref>{{cite news|title=Mursi-Shafiq presidential showdown puts Egypt revolutionaries in pickle|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/36/122/42896/Presidential-elections-/Presidential-elections-news/MursiShafiq-presidential-showdown-puts-Egypt-revol.aspx}}</ref>
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==Rules==
The rules for the election were released on 30 January 2012. Candidates had to be born in Egypt to [[Egyptian nationality law|Egyptian parents]], may not have held dual nationality and may not have been married to a foreigner. To be nominated, they required the support of 30 Members of Parliament or 30,000 voters.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-16785829 |work=BBC News | title=Egypt sets presidential election rules | date=30 January 2012}}</ref> According to the electoral committee, the formal registration process for candidates started on 10 March<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/33870/Egypt/Politics-/Official-Presidential-candidacy-registration-proce.aspx |title=Official: Presidential candidacy registration process to begin 10 March |publisher=Ahram Online |date=6 February 2012 |accessdate=11 May 2012}}</ref> and ended on 8 April 2012 at 2 pm.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.elections.eg/images/docs/Schedule.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=8 April 2012
== Qualified candidates ==
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[[File:Egypt ballot Paper, first round 2012.jpg|250px|thumb|left|Ballot Paper, First round]]
23 candidates officially registered to contest the elections.<ref name=official_candidates>{{cite web|title=المتقدمون للترشح لرئاسة جمهورية مصر العربية 2012|url=https://www.elections.eg/index.php/candidacy/applicants|publisher=Election comity|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505151311/https://www.elections.eg/index.php/candidacy/applicants|archivedate=5 May 2012
On 14 April 2012, the Supreme Presidential Electoral Commission (SPEC) announced the disqualification of ten candidates: [[Omar Suleiman]], [[Khairat El-Shater]], [[Hazem Salah Abu Ismail]], [[Ayman Nour]], Ahmad Awad Al-Saidi, [[Mortada Mansour]], Ibrahim El-Gharib, Mamdouh Qutb, Houssam Khayrat, and Ashraf Barouma.<ref>{{cite news|last=Tarek|first=Sherif|title=Eliminated presidential contenders to appeal disqualification decision|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/36/122/39326/Presidential-elections-/Presidential-elections-news/Eliminated-presidential-contenders-to-appeal-disqu.aspx|newspaper=ahramonline|date=15 April 2012}}</ref>
On 23 April, [[Supreme Council of the Armed Forces|SCAF]] ratified the Corruption of Political Life Law (aka the Disenfranchisement Law),<ref>{{cite news|title=Egypt's SCAF approves bill to bar ex-regime figures politically|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/world/2012-04/24/c_131548586.htm|newspaper=xinhua|date=24 April 2012}}</ref>
On 25 April the Supreme Presidential Electoral Commission (SPEC) accepted the appeal filed by [[Ahmed Shafik]] against its previous decision to exclude him from running for president.<ref name=Shafiq_back_in_race>{{cite news|title=Mubarak-era PM Shafik back in presidential race|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/36/122/40189/Presidential-elections-/Presidential-elections-news/BREAKING-Mubarakera-PM-Shafiq-back-in-presidential.aspx|newspaper=Ahram Online|date=25 April 2012}}</ref>
On 16 May 2012, Mohammad Fawzi Issa announced his withdrawal from the race in support of Amr Moussa. His name however was not removed from the ballot paper as the official date of withdrawal had already passed.<ref>{{cite news|title=5 ימים לבחירות, קרב צמוד על נשיאות מצרים|url=http://www.haaretz.co.il/news/world/1.1710900}}</ref><ref name="drop">{{cite web|author=
===Main registered presidential candidates===
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| <div style="text-align: center;">Secretary general of the Arab Medical Union and former member of the guidance bureau of the [[Muslim Brotherhood]]</div>
| <div style="text-align: center;">[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]<br />
(received the endorsement of Salafi [[Al-Nour Party]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Nour Party endorses Abouel Fotouh for president|url=http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/nour-party-endorses-abouel-fotouh-president|newspaper=Al-Masry Al-Youm|date=
|}
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Mohamed Morsi was the chairman of the [[Freedom and Justice Party (Egypt)|Freedom and Justice Party]] (FJP), a political party that was founded by the [[Muslim Brotherhood]] after the [[2011 Egyptian revolution]], since 30 April 2011.<ref>[http://www.ikhwanonline.com/new/Article.aspx?ArtID=83459&SecID=211 <span dir="rtl">{{lang|ar|"شورى الإخوان" يسمي د. مرسي رئيسًا لـ"الحرية والعدالة"]. }}</span><span dir="rtl">{{lang|ar|إخوان اون لاين، 2011-4-30. وصل لهذا المسار في 1 مايو 2011.}}</span></ref> He was a Member of Parliament from 2000 to 2005.
Morsi received a [[Bachelor's degree|bachelor's]] and [[master's degree]] in [[engineering]] from [[Cairo University]] in 1975 and 1978. He received his [[
Kairat El-Shater had been put forward as candidate, but he was excluded from the race. As a replacement, the [[Muslim Brotherhood|Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt]] fielded [[Mohamed Morsi]], chairman of the [[Freedom and Justice Party (Egypt)|Freedom and Justice Party]], he faced Ahmed Shafik in a run-off vote on 16–17 June 2012.
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[[Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh]], a doctor by practice and a former [[Muslim Brotherhood]] figure popular with Egyptian youths, declared his candidacy in May 2011. He was expelled from the Brotherhood for this decision on 20 June of that year, as it contradicted an earlier decision that the Brotherhood would not put forward a candidate in 2011.<ref name="almasryalyoum1">{{cite news|last=El-Hennawy|first=Noha|title=Expelled Brotherhood leader clarifies his political position|url=http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/470154|newspaper=Al-Masry Al-Youm|date=21 June 2011}}</ref> The Muslim Brotherhood contradicted their initial position on 31 March 2012 when they put forward [[Khairat El-Shater]] as the Brotherhood's candidate and [[Mohamed Morsi]] as his replacement. Aboul Fotouh is well known for his staunch opposition to both the [[Anwar Sadat|Sadat]] and [[Mubarak]] regimes, as well as his openness towards people of different political views. He was detained once during Sadat's rule and twice during Mubarak's rule. He promised to appoint a vice-president who is a youth revolutionary and to fill over half of the country's important posts with people under the age of 45.<ref>{{cite news|last=Knell|first=Yolande|title=Egypt candidate: Moderate Islamist, Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-17356253|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=24 April 2012|date=13 April 2012}}</ref>
Despite coming from the moderate-to-liberal wing of the Islamist movement, Aboul Fotouh won the endorsement of the Salafi [[Al-Nour Party]] on 28 April 2012.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/nour-party-endorses-abouel-fotouh-president |title=Nour Party endorses Abouel Fotouh for President |author=Al-Masry Al-Youm |date=27 April 2012 |publisher=[[Al-masry Al-youm]] |accessdate=29 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120429061217/http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/nour-party-endorses-abouel-fotouh-president |archivedate=29 April 2012
===Khaled Ali===
[[Khaled Ali]] announced his campaign on 27 February 2012 and applied for elections on 8 April 2012 as an independent with the support of 32 elected officials in both chambers of parliament. At 40 years old, he was the youngest candidate to enter the race. Ali is a prominent Egyptian lawyer and activist, known for his work advocating reform of corruption in the government and private sector and his promotion of social justice and labor rights. ''[[Al-Ahram Weekly]]'' called him a "legendary anti-corruption crusader",<ref>{{cite web |url=http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2011/1071/ec1.htm |title=Al-Ahram Weekly | Economy | 'Topple their debts' |publisher=Weekly.ahram.org.eg |date=9 November 2011 |accessdate=3 March 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106215702/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2011/1071/ec1.htm |archivedate=6 January 2012
Many of Ali's supporters see him as filling the void left by Mohamed ElBaradei's withdrawal.<ref name="al-akhbar1">{{cite web |url=http://english.al-akhbar.com/content/meet-khaled-ali-president-against-odds |title=Meet Khaled Ali: President Against Odds |publisher=Al Akhbar English |accessdate=3 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303114542/http://english.al-akhbar.com/content/meet-khaled-ali-president-against-odds |archive-date=3 March 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ali is not well known to the majority of Egyptians, and even those who are familiar with him have tended to be surprised by his decision to run. His profile doesn't compare to the other "star" candidates in the race, wrote ''[[Al Akhbar (Lebanon)|Al-Akhbar English]]''.<ref name="al-akhbar1"/> Ali's lack of experience as a politician is a concern. Many, even in the revolutionary movement, remain skeptical about his candidacy.<ref name="al-akhbar1"/> Ali's candidacy has not been seen to have a high likelihood of success. Critics argued that his chance of winning was low, and expressed concern that he could split the vote in a way that would sway the election towards representatives of the prior regime.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailynewsegypt.com/egypt/youngest-presidential-hopeful-promises-to-achieve-social-justice.html |title=Youngest presidential hopeful promises to achieve social justice |publisher=Thedailynewsegypt.com |accessdate=3 March 2012}}</ref>
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|
| <div style="text-align: center;">[[Hazem Salah Abu Ismail]]</div>
| <div style="text-align: center;">A [[Salafi]]st<ref name="egyptindependent1">{{Citation |url=http://www.egyptindependent.com/node/620651 |title=Salafi presidential hopeful wants Shura Council abolished |newspaper=Egypt Independent |date=26 January 2012 |accessdate=18 February 2012}}</ref> and ultra-conservative figure.<ref name="mayton1">{{Citation |first=Joseph |last=Mayton |title=Egypt’s presidential hopeful Abu Ismail says Islam gives no freedom |newspaper=Bikya Masr |date=11 February 2012 |url=http://bikyamasr.com/56672/egypts-presidential-hopeful-abu-ismail-says-islam-gives-no-freedom/ |accessdate=18 February 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120215212810/http://bikyamasr.com/56672/egypts-presidential-hopeful-abu-ismail-says-islam-gives-no-freedom/ |archivedate=15 February 2012
| <div style="text-align: center;">Independent</div>
|-
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===Mohamed ElBaradei===
In November 2009 amidst the political controversy over the then prospective 2011 presidential election and the constitutional impediments placed in the faces of candidates under the amended Article 76 in the 2007 constitution and amidst speculation about then-president Hosni Mubarak's son Gamal running for the post, [[Mohamed ElBaradei]] decided to respond to the continuous pressing from people who asked him to run for the 2011 election.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tehrantimes.com/index_View.asp?code=204908 |title=Egyptian opposition wants ElBaradei to run for president |
At the same time, the [[New Wafd Party]] and other opposition political forces have announced that they are ready to support ElBaradei if he decided to run for the election. However, Mohamed ElBaradei stated that if he decides to run for the 2011 elections, he prefers to run as an independent candidate, rather than running as a candidate of any of the [[List of political parties in Egypt|existing political parties]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://ara.reuters.com/article/topNews/idARACAE5B90J120091210 |title=ElBaradei excludes running in the presidential elections in Egypt as a candidate of any political party |publisher=Reuters |date=10 December 2009 |accessdate=31 January 2011|language=ar}}</ref>
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===AbdElazim Negm===
Abdelazim Negm is a professor of hydraulic engineering at Zagazig University and former vice cean for education and student affairs. He announced his candidacy on 4 March 2011, and withdrew it on 2 April 2012.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.youm7.com/News.asp?NewsID=385402 |title=أستاذ جامعى يعلن ترشحه للرئاسة بالشرقية |publisher=Youm7.com
===Bothaina Kamel===
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==Opinion polls==
The first opinion poll conducted in Egypt post-Mubarak was conducted by [[YouGov]]. According to the YouGov survey of 1871 Egyptians between 15–20 February 2011, Almost half of all Egyptians (49%) believed that Amr Moussa,
An April 2011 survey of 1,000 Egyptians by [[Pew Research Center]]
A poll conducted during the 2011 protests asking "who do you think should be the next President of Egypt?" showed Moussa in the lead, with 26% of respondents naming him.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.scribd.com/Egypt-Poll/d/48662607 |title=Phone Survey of Cairo and Alexandria |publisher=Scribd Middle East Polls |date=24 June 2010 |accessdate=12 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110313164501/http://www.scribd.com/Egypt-Poll/d/48662607 |archive-date=13 March 2011 |url-status=dead
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
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|9–20 March 2011 ||[[International Peace Institute|IPI]]<ref>[http://www.ipinst.org/images/pdfs/egypt-poll-results-april2011.pdf International Peace Institute Poll], conducted by Charney Research, April 2011</ref>|| 615 || '''37%''' || – || – || 5% || – || – || – || – || – || 1% || – || 2% ||37% || 14%
|-
|Jun 2011 ||[[International Peace Institute|IPI]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.charneyresearch.com/pdf/2011June_IPI_Egypt_Poll_final_press_release.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=10 October 2011
|-
|Jun/Jul 2011 || Newsweek/<br />Daily Beast<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2011/07/26/egypt-political-poll-muslim-brotherhood-influence-troubles-for-west.html |title=Egypt's Simmering Rage |publisher=The Daily Beast |date=26 July 2011 |accessdate=11 May 2012}}</ref> || 1008 || '''16%''' || – || 5% || 4% || 12% || 2% || – || 6% || – || 4% || – || 12% || 13% || 27%
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|Mar 2012 || Al Ahram<ref>{{cite news|title=Moussa leads presidential race at 31.5 pct, but 57.6 pct of Egyptians prefer an Islamist: Poll|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/36/122/38270/Presidential-elections-/Presidential-elections-news/Moussa-leading-the-presidential-race,--opt-for-Isl.aspx|newspaper=ahram online|date=2 April 2012}}</ref> || 1,200 || '''31.5%''' || 22.7% || 8.3% || 9.3% || 10.2% || 5.0% || – || 4.0% || – || 1.0% || 3.0% || 1.0% || 4.0% || ?
|-
|Apr 2012 || Al Ahram<ref>{{cite news|title=April 09, 2012 Opinion poll on presidential candidates shows Moussa on top|url=http://eg4.me/en/?p=5087|newspaper=Egypt Independent|date=9 April 2012|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120708142341/http://eg4.me/en/?p=5087|archivedate=8 July 2012
|-
|Apr 2012 || Al-Masri Al-Yom<ref>{{cite web|title=من هو الرئيس القادم؟.. أول استطلاع للرأي العام بعد إعلان قائمة المرشحين|url=http://www.almasryalyoum.com/node/770421|publisher=المصري اليوم}}</ref> || 2,034 || 6.4% || 11.7% || 12.4% || '''20.1%''' || 2.2% || 2.7% || – || 1% || 3.2% || – || – || – || 2.2% || 38.1%
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|Apr 2012 || Al Ahram<ref>{{cite news|title=Suleiman exit could benefit Shafiq, Moussa: Poll|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/36/122/39368/Presidential-elections-/Presidential-elections-news/Suleiman-exit-could-benefit-Shafiq,-Moussa-Poll--.aspx|newspaper=Ahram Online|date=16 April 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=في الاستطلاع الأسبوعي لمركز الدراسات بـ الأهرام تقدم سليمان علي حساب موسي وشفيق|url=http://www.ahram.org.eg/Al-Ahram-Files/News/143747.aspx|newspaper=الاهرام}}</ref> || 1,200 || 22.3% || 21.4% || 6.2% || '''31.7%''' || 3.4% || 4.3% || – || 1.2% || 4.3% || 0.9% || – || – || 4.3% || –
|-
|Apr 2012 || Al Ahram<ref>{{cite news|title=Poll: Moussa tops list of presidential candidates after Abu Ismail barred|url=http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/poll-barred-abu-ismail-led-poll-now-moussa-rocketing-list-presidential-runners-news1|newspaper=Egypt Independent|date=
|-
|Apr 2012 || Al-Masri Al-Yom<ref>{{cite news|title=أحدث استطلاعات الرأي: "الطبيب" و"الدبلوماسي" مؤهلان لانتخابات الإعادة في الرئاسة|url=http://www.almasryalyoum.com/node/792696|newspaper=Al Masry Al Youm|date=23 April 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Namatalla|first=Ahmed|title=Most Egyptians Undecided Before Presidential Vote, Poll Shows|url=http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-04-24/most-egyptians-undecided-before-presidential-vote-poll-shows|newspaper=Bloomberg News|date=24 April 2012}}</ref> || 2,129 || 12.5% || – || '''15.5%''' || – || 6% || 5% || 1.5% || – || – || – || – || – || 5.1% || 54.4%
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|url=http://www.almasryalyoum.com/node/807336|newspaper=Al Masry Al Youm|date=30 April 2012}}</ref> || 2,100 || 14.1% || – || '''18.5%''' || – || 5.3% || 5% || 3.6% || 1.4% || – || – || – || – || 2% || 50.1%
|-
|April–May 2012 || IDSC<ref>{{cite news|title=Egyptian Poll: Close between Moussa and Al Futuh|url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/Flash.aspx/238986}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=مجلس الوزراء يجرى استطلاعًا عن طبيعة رؤية المواطن المصرى للرئيس الجديد |url=http://www3.youm7.com/News.asp?NewsID=670486&SecID=97&IssueID=0 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130105191851/http://www3.youm7.com/News.asp?NewsID=670486&SecID=97&IssueID=0 |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 January 2013
|-
|April–May 2012 || Al Ahram<ref>{{cite news|title=Poll: Moussa leads presidential race with 39%, Abouel Fotouh in second|url=http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/poll-moussa-leads-presidential-runners-39-abouel-fotouh-24-shafiq-172-news1|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510195830/http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/poll-moussa-leads-presidential-runners-39-abouel-fotouh-24-shafiq-172-news1|archivedate=10 May 2012
|-
|May 2012 || Shorouk<ref>{{cite news|title=نتائج استطلاع (الشروق) حول الانتخابات الرئاسية يكشف: ثلث المصريين لم يحسم مرشحه للرئاسة|url=http://www.shorouknews.com/news/view.aspx?cdate=10052012&id=c4d05544-1898-4daa-aa5d-d62ce966af7e}}</ref>|| 1,014 || 16% || – || '''20.8%''' || – || 15.2% || 5.7% || 5.2% || ? || – || – || – || – || 3.4% || 33.6%
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|May 2012 || Al Masry Al Youm<ref>{{cite news|title=أحدث اسـتطلاعات الرأي: "موسى" يتخلى عن المقدمة لـ"شفيق" و"أبوالفتوح" الثالث (5)|url=http://www.almasryalyoum.com/node/842936}}</ref> || ?|| 16% || – || 12.5% || – || '''16.3%''' || 7% || 8.8% || – || – || – || – || – || 2% || 37.4%
|-
|May 2012 || IDSC<ref>{{cite news|title=Govt poll shows Shafiq leading Egyptian presidential race|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/36/122/41652/Presidential-elections-/Presidential-elections-news/Govt-poll-shows-Shafiq-leading-Egyptian-presidenti.aspx}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=شفيق يتصدر استطلاع مركز المعلومات يليه موسى .. وتراجع ابو الفتوح|url=http://www.egynews.net/wps/portal/news?params=172113|newspaper=Egypt News|date=14 May 2012|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120516041257/http://www.egynews.net/wps/portal/news?params=172113|archivedate=16 May 2012
|-
|May 2012 || IDSC<ref>{{cite news|title=شفيق يتصدر استطلاع مركز المعلومات للأسبوع الثانى يليه موسي |url=http://www.masrawy.com/news/Egypt/Politics/2012/May/19/5028624.aspx}}</ref> || 1,366 || 11% || – || 7% || – || '''12%''' || 7% || 7% || ? || – || – || – || – || ? || 35%
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==Fairness==
{{Expand section|date=April 2016}}
Allegations have arisen that the interior ministry handed out over 900,000 ID cards to Egyptian soldiers so that they could vote for Shafik in the first round, which would be a major campaign violation. Sabahi asked for the Egyptian election to be temporarily suspended until an investigation was carried out.<ref>{{cite web |author=<!--[if IE 6]> <![endif]--> |url=http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/05/26/216677.html |title=Egypt’s third runner-up seeks election suspension: lawyer |publisher=English.alarabiya.net |date=
In August 2013, former Israeli negotiator [[Yossi Beilin]] wrote that an Egyptian official had told him that the true results had Shafik winning, but the military gave the presidency to Morsi out of fear of unrest.<ref>{{cite web|title='Morsi didn't win the elections'|url=http://www.israelhayom.com/site/newsletter_opinion.php?id=5395|work=[[Israel Hayom]]|author=[[Yossi Beilin]]|date=18 August 2013}}</ref>
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- '''Article 56 B''': The SCAF will assume the authorities set out in sub-article 1 of Article 56 as written in the 30 March 2011 Constitutional Declaration until a new parliament is elected.
- '''Article 60 B''': If the constituent assembly encounters an obstacle that would prevent it from completing its work, the SCAF within a week
- '''Article 60 B1''': If the president, the head of SCAF, the prime minister, the Supreme Council of the Judiciary or a fifth of the constituent assembly find that the new constitution contains an article or more which conflict with the revolution's goals and its main principles or which conflict with any principle agreed upon in all of Egypt's former constitutions, any of the aforementioned bodies may demand that the constituent assembly revises this specific article within 15 days. Should the constituent assembly object to revising the contentious article, the article will be referred to the High Constitutional Court (HCC) which will then be obliged to give its verdict within seven days. The HCC's decision is final and will be published in the official gazette within three days from the date of issuance.
- '''Article 38''' will be replaced with: "The parliamentary elections will be conducted in accordance to the law."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/45350/Egypt/Politics-/URGENT-English-text-of-SCAF-amended-Egypt-Constitu.aspx |title=English text of SCAF amended Egypt Constitutional Declaration – Politics – Egypt – Ahram Online |publisher=English.ahram.org.eg
== See also ==
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* [http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/36/122/36418/Presidential-elections-/Presidential-elections-news/Ahram-Online-presents-The-Idiots-Guide-to-Egypt%E2%80%99s-.aspx Guide to Egypt’s presidential elections 2012]
* [https://www.theguardian.com/world/middle-east-live/2012/may/24/egypt-election-day-2-live Egyptian presidential election, 2012 coverage at ''The Guardian'']
* Joseph Mayton [http://en.qantara.de/From-Outlier-to-Serious-Contender/19143c20191i1p497/index.html "Egyptian Presidential Candidate Hamdeen Sabahi: From Outlier to Serious Contender,"] Qantara.de (22
* [http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/36/122/43085/Presidential-elections-/Presidential-elections-news/Presidential-finalists-Mursi-vs-Shafiq-Where-they-.aspx Presidential finalists Mursi vs Shafiq: Where they stand, issue by issue]
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{{Egyptian presidential elections 2012|state=autocollapse}}
{{Egyptian Revolution of 2011}}
▲{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2012}}
[[Category:2012 Egyptian presidential election| ]]
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