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In the south, the Hittites were in conflict with the Egyptians. Hamath became an important urban center. The conflict culminated in the famous [[Battle of Kadesh]] against [[Ancient Egypt]] under [[Ramesses II]] near [[Homs]] in 1285 BC.
In early 19th century, [[Johann Ludwig Burckhardt]] was the first to discover Hittite or [[Anatolian hieroglyphs|Luwian hieroglyphic]] script at Hama.<ref>[http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/watkins/hittite.htm The Decipherment of Hittite] James Norman (Schmidt), Ancestral Voices: Decoding Ancient Languages, Four Winds Press, New York, 1975.</ref>
===Iron Age===
By the turn of the millennium, the
▲By the turn of the millennium, the centralized old Hittite Empire had fallen, and Hama is attested as the capital of one of the prosperous [[Syro-Hittite states]] known from the [[Hebrew Bible]] as Hamath ([[Aramaic language|Aramaic]]: ''Ḥmt''; [[Hittite language|Hittite]]: ''Amatuwana'';<ref name="Hawkins, J.D 1975"/> {{lang-he|{{hebrew|חֲמָת}}}} ''Ḥəmåṯ''), which traded extensively, particularly with Israel and Judah.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/7125-hamath |work=Jewish Encyclopedia |title=Hamath |publisher=Jewishencyclopedia.com |accessdate=4 February 2013}}</ref>
====Assyrian inscriptions====
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