Parliament of Egypt: Difference between revisions

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the approval of the [[2019 Egyptian constitutional referendum]] will create a second chamber, called the Senate).<ref>{{Cite news |title=Sisi thanks Egyptians for their 'dazzling' participation in constitutional referendum|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/330554/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-thanks-Egyptians-for-their-dazzling-participa.aspx|agency=Ahram Online|date=23 April 2019|accessdate=23 April 2019}}</ref>
 
The Parliament is located in [[Cairo]], Egypt's capital. Under the country's 2014 constitution, as the [[legislative branch]] of the Egyptian state the Parliament enacted laws, approved the general policy of the State, the general plan for economic and social development and the general budget of the State, supervised the work of the government, and had the power to vote to impeach the Presidentpresident of the Republic, or replace the government and its Primeprime Ministerminister by a vote of no-confidence.
 
The parliament is made up of 596 seats, with 448 seats elected through the individual candidacy system, 120 elected through winner-take-all party lists (with quotas for youth, women, Christians, and workers) and 28 selected by the president.<ref name=ao1aug>{{cite web|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/News/138976.aspx|title=Egypt election committee to announce date for parliamentary poll Sunday|publisher=Ahram Online|date=27 August 2015|accessdate=11 September 2015}}</ref>
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Without parties or local media to promote issues or policies, campaigns consist primarily of evening house calls to potential voters by candidates with their entourage. Visits may last anywhere from only a minute to a half an hour. Candidates are served cigarettes, (non-alcoholic) drinks or sweets; The visits are not confined to a period before the election but often continue even when the parliament is cancelled and elections continually delayed.<ref name=NYER-7-March-2016/>
 
The group affiliation of the candidates is not party or ideology but tribe (despite the fact that according to anthropologists "tribes" in Egypt are often 20th century creations{{source?|date=October 2016}}). Because family hierarchies dominate most people’speople's lives, candidates seek the support of clan elders who direct family members, sometimes numbering in the hundreds, how to vote. Candidates may successfully campaign without the "support of any party or other institution" because there are no party networks. They do campaign with family members and when defeated candidates lose face because elections are a matter of family pride.<ref name=NYER-7-March-2016/>
Candidates often have no platform, do not talk "about issues, policies, or potential legislation", or make any "public campaign promises". Candidates often sit in silence on their visits rather than formally introduce themselves, give a stump speech or field questions about what they will do if elected. Potential voters will however often ask for small favors such as making a call to a government office that issued permits or handled utilities on the voter's behalf if the candidate is elected.<ref name=NYER-7-March-2016/>
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*Review and approval of agreements and treaties
*Review and approval of the State plan and budget
*Discussion of the Presidentpresident of the Republic's statement and the government program
*Amendments to the Constitution
*Approval of [[declaration of war|declarations of war]] and [[state of emergency|emergency]]
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==== Speaker of the House ====
{{Main|Speaker of the House of Representatives (Egypt)}}
The House of Representatives Speaker (HR Speaker) presides over the House and is elected from the House membership, along with two deputies during the first session of the season. The Speaker's role in session is to keep the peace and order to the parliamentary session, take part in discussion provided that he gives up his presidency to one of his deputies and doesn't return to his presidency until the discussion is finished as well as ordering an emergency session for one of the House' committees. In case of vacancy in the Presidentpresident's office, the Speaker serves as acting president until the presidential elections are held (Which must be within 60 days). This has happened once, when president [[Anwar Sadat]] was assassinated in office, and then People's Assembly Speaker, [[Sufi Abu Taleb]] served as acting president. The last PA Speaker was [[Saad Al-Katatny|Saad Al Katatny]], who briefly presided the Assembly for only 5 months from 23 January 2012 to the dissolution of parliament on 18 June 2012.
 
==== Speaker's Staff Office ====