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{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Egyptian crisis (2011–2014)}}
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On 14 August 2013, security forces raided the sit-ins at Rabaa and Nahda, resulting in a [[August 2013 Rabaa massacre|massacre of at least 904 pro-Morsi demonstrators]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=McElroy|first1=Damien|last2=Loveluck|first2=Louisa|title=Egypt crisis: Cairo death toll 'could rise significantly'|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/egypt/10244882/Egypt-crisis-Cairo-death-toll-could-rise-significantly.html|newspaper=The Telegraph|accessdate=26 September 2014}}</ref><ref name="DeathToll-16-8-13">{{Cite news|author=Mohsen, Manar |url=http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2013/08/16/health-ministry-raises-death-toll-of-wednesdays-clashes-to-638/ |title=Health Ministry raises death toll of Wednesday's clashes to 638 |newspaper=Daily News Egypt |date=16 August 2013 |accessdate=19 August 2013 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Iz4po5fD?url=http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2013/08/16/health-ministry-raises-death-toll-of-wednesdays-clashes-to-638/ |archivedate=19 August 2013 |url-status=dead |df=dmy }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Death toll from Egypt violence rises to 638: Health ministry|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/News/79160.aspx|publisher=Ahram Online|accessdate=26 September 2014}}</ref> [[Human Rights Watch]] described the event as [[crimes against humanity]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2014/08/12/egypt-rab-killings-likely-crimes-against-humanity |title=Egypt: Rab'a Killings Likely Crimes against Humanity | Human Rights Watch |publisher=Human Rights Watch |accessdate=2014-08-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140816131321/http://www.hrw.org/news/2014/08/12/egypt-rab-killings-likely-crimes-against-humanity |archive-date=16 August 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the military appointed interim government declared a month-long nighttime curfew which was extended a further two months.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/israeli-prison-service-process-releasing-26-palestinian-prisoners-19948982 |title=International News | World News - ABC News |publisher=Abcnews.go.com |accessdate=2013-10-02}}</ref>
On 24 March 2014, an Egyptian court sentenced 529 suspected members of the Muslim Brotherhood [[Capital punishment|to death]] accused of attacking a police station.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1095268/egypt-sentences-529-morsi-supporters-to-death|title=Egyptian Court ordered Death sentence to 529 Members|publisher=Dawn.com|date=24 March 2014|accessdate=24 March 2014}}</ref> By 2017, approximately 60,000 political prisoners according to independent counts and human rights groups have been imprisoned since the coup.<ref>[https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21603071-president-abdel-fattah-al-sisi-fails-bring-enough-voters-ballot-box A coronation flop: President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi fails to bring enough voters to the ballot box], economist.com.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/09/06/egypt-torture-epidemic-may-be-crime-against-humanity|title=Egypt: Torture Epidemic May Be Crime Against Humanity|date=6 September 2017|website=Human Rights Watch}}</ref><ref>"[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/mar/24/egypt-death-sentence-529-morsi-supporters Egypt sentences to death 529 supporters of Mohamed Morsi]". ''The Guardian''. 24 March 2014.</ref>
==Egypt Post Revolution==
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====Election of Abdel Fattah el-Sisi====
{{Main|Egyptian presidential election, 2014}}
General [[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]] who led the [[2013 Egyptian coup d'état|military coup]] against President [[Mohamed Morsi]] emerged as a popular figure by his supporters in Egypt,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://poy.time.com/2013/12/06/how-egypts-gen-al-sisi-won-times-person-of-the-year-poll/|agency=TIME|title=How Egypt's Gen. al-Sisi Won TIME's Person of the Year Poll|date=6 December 2013|accessdate=4 June 2014}}</ref> and he eventually declared his candidacy for president in the [[Egyptian presidential election, 2014|2014 elections]]. According to results from the Egyptian elections authority, he won 96.9% of the vote, however these results were denounced by observers as being a sham election similar to numbers reported for [[Hosni Mubarak]] in periodic elections and referendums during his reign as president.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20140127-what-is-there-in-common-between-gen-musharraf-and-gen-al-sisi/|title=What is there in common between Gen. Musharraf and Gen. Al Sisi?|date=27 January 2014|website=Middle East Monitor}}</ref> Nonetheless, el-Sisi's election was widely recognized internationally.
==Impact==
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*Armbrust, Walter. "The Trickster in Egypt's January 25th Revolution." Comparative Studies in Society and History (2013): Print. 834–864. June 2019.
*El-Ghobashy, Mona. "The Praxis of the Egyptian Revolution." Middle East Report (2011): Print. 2-13. June 2019.
*Ghattas, Kim. "Profile: Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood." BBC (2001): Web. [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-12313405 Profile: Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood]. June 2019.
*Guirguis, Max. "Islamic resurgence and its consequences in the Egyptian experience." Mediterranean Studies (2012): Print. 187–226. June 2019.
*Joya, Angela. "The Egyptian revolution: crisis of neoliberalism and the potential for democratic politics." Review of African Political Economy (2011): Print. 367–386. June 2019.
*Migiro, Geoffrey. "When Did Egypt Become Independent." World Atlas (2018): Web. [https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/when-did-egypt-gain-its-independence.html When Did Egypt Become Independent?]. June 2019.
*Selim, Gamal. "Egypt under SCAF and the Muslim Brotherhood: The triangle of counter-revolution." Arab Studies Quarterly (2015): Print. 177–199. June 2019.
*Sowners, Jeannie and Chris Toensing. "The journey to Tahrir: revolution, protest, and social change in Egypt." Verso Books (2012): Print. 1–320. June 2019.
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