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During the 1980s, activist investors such as [[Carl Icahn]] and [[T. Boone Pickens]] gained international notoriety{{cn|date=January 2020}} and were often perceived as "corporate raiders" for acquiring an equity stake in publicly owned companies, like Icahn's investment in B.F. Goodrich, and then forcing companies to take action to improve value or rid themselves of rebel intruders like Icahn by buying back the raider's investment at a fat premium, often at the expense of the other shareholders.{{cn|date=January 2020}} More recently, activist investor [[Phillip Goldstein (investor)|Phillip Goldstein]] suggested that the role of the activist investor has moved from green mail to one of being a catalyst to unlock value in an underlying security, and says that the public perception of activist investors as "corporate raiders" has dissipated.<ref name="opalesque">{{cite web|url=http://www.opalesque.tv/youtube/Phil_Goldstein/1|title=Phil Goldstein: The Bulldog's passion for value investing|date=21 Jan 2011|website=Opalesque TV|accessdate=15 Jul 2018}}</ref>
In 2019, notable activist investors included [[Starboard Value]], [[Richard A. Barone|Ancora]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.crainscleveland.com/finance/ancora-gets-its-activism-together|title=Ancora gets its activism together|date=2019-04-21|website=Crain's Cleveland Business|language=en|access-date=2020-02-29}}</ref> Icahn, [[Elliott Management Corporation|Elliot Management]], and Third Point (Loeb).<ref name=":3" /> In 2019, mutual funds such as [[Wellington Management Company]] had begun to show signs of activism.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2019-03-15|title=Mutual funds start to put their mouth where their money is|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-companies-funds-analysis-idUSKCN1QW1C8|access-date=2020-09-07}}</ref>
=== Outreach strategies ===
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