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Some have referred to the succeeding and still ongoing conflicts as the [[Arab Winter]].<ref name="Fear and Faith in Paradise" /><ref name="Arab Winter" /><ref name="The Jerusalem Post" /><ref name="euronews" /><ref name="Yemen’s Arab winter" /> As of May 2018, only the uprising in Tunisia has resulted in a transition to constitutional democratic governance.<ref name="NYRB-Ruthven" /> Recent uprisings in [[Sudan]] and [[Algeria]] show that the conditions that started the Arab Spring have not faded and political movements against [[authoritarianism]] and exploitation are still occurring.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jacobinmag.com/2019/05/sudan-algeria-uprising-bouteflika-al-bashir|title=The Long Arab Spring|website=jacobinmag.com|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-17}}</ref> In 2019, [[2018–2020 Arab protests|multiple uprisings and protest movements]] in Algeria, Sudan, Iraq, Lebanon, and Egypt have been seen as a continuation of the Arab Spring.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.middleeasteye.net/opinion/no-one-can-predict-where-middle-east-will-be-10-years-now|title=From Lebanon to Iraq, the Arab Spring never ended, it just gets bigger|website=Middle East Eye}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.trtworld.com/opinion/are-we-seeing-a-new-arab-spring-30904|title=Are we seeing a new Arab Spring?|website=Are we seeing a new Arab Spring?}}</ref>
In 2020, multiple conflicts are still continuing that might be seen as a result of the Arab Spring. The [[Syrian Civil War]] has caused massive political instability and economic hardship in Syria, with the Syrian currency plunging to new lows.<ref name="Guardian 6-12-2020">https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/12/us-caesar-act-sanctions-and-could-devastate-syrias-flatlining-economy US ‘Caesar Act' sanctions could devastate Syria’s flatlining economy. Critics say legislation is being used for US strategy and could cause further problems for country and wider region. Martin Chulov, The Guardian, June 12, 2020.</ref> In Libya, a major civil war is ongoing, with Western powers and Russia sending in proxy fighters.<ref>[https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/libya-war-haftar-tripoli-russia-putin-us-turkey-a9557136.html Libya has a chance at peace but Russia and the US are in the way Haftar seems to be on his way out, while Turkey risks creating a new Afghanistan on Europe’s southern flank], by Ahmed Aboudouh, June 9, 2020. Russia’s ally, General Khalifa Haftar, commander of the self-proclaimed National Libyan Army, has lost his 14-month military campaign to capture the capital Tripoli. His rivals
== Etymology ==
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=== Yemen (2011) ===
{{Main|Yemeni Revolution|Yemeni Crisis (2011–present)}}
[[File:Protest Aden Arab Spring 2011.jpg|thumb|Protestors in [[Aden]] calling for reinstatement of [[South Yemen]] during Arab Spring.
[[File:Yemeni Protests 4-Apr-2011 P01.JPG|thumb|Protests in [[Sana'a]]]]Protests occurred in many towns in both the north and south of Yemen starting in mid-January 2011. Demonstrators in the [[South Yemen|South]] mainly protested against President [[Ali Abdullah Saleh|Saleh]]'s support of [[Al-Qaeda|Al Qaeda]] in [[South Yemen]], the marginalization of the [[Southern Movement|Southern]] people and the exploitation of Southern natural resources.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/mar/21/wikileaks-cables-yemeni-general-smuggling|title=WikiLeaks cable links defecting Yemeni general to smuggling rackets|last=Rice-Oxley|first=Mark|date=2011-03-21|work=The Guardian|access-date=2019-02-27|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://af.reuters.com/article/libyaNews/idAFLDE7201CI20110302|title=Feature-South Yemen separatists find hope in spreading unrest|date=2011-03-02|work=Reuters|access-date=2019-02-27|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pri.org/stories/2011-07-11/yemen-tie-binds|title=Yemen: The tie that binds|website=Public Radio International|language=en|access-date=2019-02-27}}</ref> Other parts of the country initially protested against governmental proposals to modify the [[constitution of Yemen]], unemployment and economic conditions,<ref name="afreuters" /> and corruption,<ref name="People are fed up" /> but their demands soon included a call for the resignation of President [[Ali Abdullah Saleh]],<ref name="People are fed up" /><ref name="NADA BAKRI" /><ref name="09SANAA2279" /> who had been facing internal opposition from his closest advisors since 2009.<ref name="urge leader" />
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* {{Cite book|editor1-last=Haddad|editor1-first=Bassam|editor2-last=Bsheer|editor2-first=Rosie|editor3-last=Abu-Rish|editor3-first=Ziad|year=2012|title=The Dawn of the Arab Uprisings: End of an Old Order?|location=London|publisher=[[Pluto Press]]|isbn=978-0-7453-3325-0|title-link=Jadaliyya#Book}}
* {{cite book|last=Kaye|first=Dalia Dassa|title=More Freedom, Less Terror? Liberalization and Political Violence in the Arab World|location=Santa Monica, CA|publisher=RAND Corporation|year=2008|isbn=978-0-8330-4508-9}}
* Krüger, Laura-Theresa, and Bernhard Stahl. "The French foreign policy U-turn in the Arab Spring–the case of Tunisia." ''Mediterranean Politics'' 23.2 (2018): 197-222 [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Bernhard_Stahl2/publication/309756162_The_French_foreign_policy_U-turn_in_the_Arab_Spring_-_the_case_of_Tunisia/links/5cefd4d54585153c3da67fb0/The-French-foreign-policy-U-turn-in-the-Arab-Spring-the-case-of-Tunisia.pdf
* Lutterbeck, Derek. (2013). [http://afs.sagepub.com/content/39/1/28.abstract Arab Uprisings, Armed Forces, and Civil-Military Relations.] [[Armed Forces & Society]], Vol. 39, No. 1 (pp. 28–52)
* {{Cite book|editor1=Ottaway, Marina|editor2=Choucair-Vizoso, Julia|title=Beyond the Façade: Political Reform in the Arab World|location=Washington, DC|publisher=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace|year=2008|isbn=978-0-87003-239-4|url=https://archive.org/details/beyondfacadepoli0000otta}}
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{{authority control}}
[[Category:Arab Spring|Arab Spring]]
[[Category:Internet censorship]]
[[Category:2010s coups d'état and coup attempts]]
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