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==Overview==
Gafsa is the capital of the southwest of Tunisia and is both a historical oasis and home to the mining industry of Tunisia. The city had 111,170 inhabitants at the 2014 census, under the ruling of the mayor, Malek Necibi.<ref name="ins">{{cite web|url=http://www.ins.nat.tn/fr/rgph2.1.commune.php?code_modalite=24451&Code_indicateur=0301007&Submit3=Envoyer|title=Recensement de 2004 (Institut National de la Statistique – Tunisie)|publisher=ins.nat.tn|
==Ancient history==
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In the 5th century, at the joint [[Council of Carthage (411)]] attended by [[Catholic Church|Catholic]]s and [[Donatist]]s, Gams and Morcelli say Capsa was represented by the Donatist Donatianus, and that it had no Catholic bishop.<ref name=Gams/><ref name=Morcelli/> According to the more recent Mesnage, Donatianus was instead the Donatist bishop of Capsus in Numidia, and Capsa in Byzacena was represented by the Catholic Fortunatus and the Donatist Celer, whom the earlier sources attributed to Capsus.<ref name=Mesnage/> All three sources agree in attributing to Capsa the Vindemialis who was one of the Catholic bishops whom [[Huneric]] [[Council of Carthage (484)|summoned to Carthage in 484]] and then exiled. However, the latest editions of the [[Roman Martyrology]], which commemorates Vindemialis on 2 May, call him bishop of Capsus in Numidia.<ref>''Martyrologium Romanum'' (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2001 {{ISBN|978-1274930071}})</ref>
Capsa still had resident bishops at the end of the 9th century, being mentioned in a ''[[Notitia Episcopatuum]]'' of [[Leo VI the Wise]] (886–912).<ref name=Mesnage/> but a community may have lasted until the early 12th century<ref name="orthodoxengland">{{cite web|url=http://www.orthodoxengland.org.uk/maghreb.htm|title=The Last Christians Of North-West Africa: Some Lessons For Orthodox Today|publisher=orthodoxengland.org.uk|
No longer a residential [[bishopric]], Capsa is today listed by the [[Catholic Church]] as a [[titular see]].<ref>''[[Annuario Pontificio]] 2013'' (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 {{ISBN|978-88-209-9070-1}}), p. 838</ref>
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In 2008, Gafsa was the center of riots directed against the government of President [[Zine El Abidine Ben Ali]]. The government was swift and brutal in its suppression of the uprising, but this movement has since been credited with sowing the first seeds of the [[Tunisian Revolution|Jasmine Revolution]] that removed [[Zine El Abidine Ben Ali]] from power three years later, igniting the [[Arab Spring]] across much of North Africa and the Middle East.
In 2014, a [[Lac de Gafsa|lake]] suddenly appeared around 25 kilometers from the town. The cause of the lake's formation is currently unknown.<ref name="yahoo">{{cite web|url=https://uk.news.yahoo.com/gafsa-beach-mysterious-lake-discovered-drought-stricken-tunisia-090056170.html#w2JaxpQ|title=Gafsa Beach: Mysterious Lake Discovered in Drought-Stricken Tunisia Could be 'Radioactive'|publisher=uk.news.yahoo.com|
==Transport==
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===Twin towns — Sister cities===
Gafsa is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Naples]], Italy<ref name="Naples twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.comune.napoli.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/5931|title= Comune di Napoli -Gemellaggi|
*{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Palma de Mallorca]], Spain
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|yeard sun = 8.8
|source 1 = Institut National de la Météorologie (precipitation days/humidity/sun 1961–1990)<ref name=IMN1>{{cite web
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| url = http://data.transport.tn/dataset/9e1ed3a1-69f5-4ef9-a05e-daa8126fdb7c/resource/acf0d32e-92b3-4247-9281-1b3a1587d23f
| title = Les normales climatiques en Tunisie entre 1981 2010
| publisher = Ministère du Transport
| language =
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| url = http://data.transport.tn/dataset/normales-climatiques-en-tunisie-entre-1961-1990/resource/3d38ac83-8a3c-4207-b327-9684131292b3
| title = Données normales climatiques 1961-1990
| publisher = Ministère du Transport
| language =
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| url = http://data.transport.tn/dataset/extremes-climatiques-en-tunisie/resource/0f4ff280-9f86-4e4f-bc18-29df886c2a30
| title = Les extrêmes climatiques en Tunisie
| publisher = Ministère du Transport
| language =
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|source 2 = NOAA(humidity and sun 1961–1990)<ref name= NOAA>{{cite web
| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-I/TS/60745.TXT
| title = Gafsa Climate Normals 1961–1990
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
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|date=November 2011
}}
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