Wikipedia

Thames, New Zealand

Thames (/tɛmz/ ⓘ) (Māori: Pārāwai) is a town at the southwestern end of the Coromandel Peninsula in New Zealand's North Island. It is located on the Firth of Thames close to the mouth of the Waihou River. The town is the seat of the Thames-Coromandel District Council. The Māori iwi are Ngāti Maru, who are descendants of Marutuahu's son Te Ngako. Ngāti Maru is part of the Ngati Marutuahu confederation of tribes or better known as Hauraki Iwi.

Thames
Pārāwai (Māori)
Map
Coordinates: 37°8′18″S 175°32′15″E / 37.13833°S 175.53750°E / -37.13833; 175.53750
CountryNew Zealand
RegionWaikato Region
DistrictThames-Coromandel District
WardThames ward
Community BoardThames Community
Electorates
Government
 • CouncilThames-Coromandel District Council
Area
[1]
 • Total16.99 km2 (6.56 sq mi)
Population
 (June 2023)[2]
 • Total7,630
 • Density450/km2 (1,200/sq mi)
Postcode(s)
3500, 3540

Thames had an estimated population of 15,000 in 1870, but this declined to 4,500 in 1881, and it has increased modestly since. It is still the biggest town on the Coromandel Peninsula. Until 2016, a historical oak tree that was planted by Governor George Grey stood on the corner of Grey and Rolleston streets.[3]

Demographics edit

Thames covers 16.99 km2 (6.56 sq mi)[1] and had an estimated population of 7,630 as of June 2023,[2] with a population density of 449 people per km2.

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
20066,930—    
20136,951+0.04%
20187,293+0.97%
Source: [4]

Before the 2023 census, Thames had a smaller boundary, covering 15.55 km2 (6.00 sq mi).[1] Using that boundary, Thames had a population of 7,293 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 342 people (4.9%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 363 people (5.2%) since the 2006 census. There were 3,045 households, comprising 3,420 males and 3,870 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.88 males per female, with 1,149 people (15.8%) aged under 15 years, 930 (12.8%) aged 15 to 29, 2,886 (39.6%) aged 30 to 64, and 2,337 (32.0%) aged 65 or older.

Ethnicities were 82.2% European/Pākehā, 22.1% Māori, 2.7% Pacific peoples, 6.3% Asian, and 1.8% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.

The percentage of people born overseas was 16.7, compared with 27.1% nationally.

Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 47.9% had no religion, 38.1% were Christian, 1.2% had Māori religious beliefs, 1.0% were Hindu, 0.2% were Muslim, 1.5% were Buddhist and 2.4% had other religions.

Of those at least 15 years old, 825 (13.4%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 1,644 (26.8%) people had no formal qualifications. 555 people (9.0%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 2,175 (35.4%) people were employed full-time, 873 (14.2%) were part-time, and 180 (2.9%) were unemployed.[4]

Individual statistical areas in 2018
Name Area
(km2)		 Population Density
(per km2)		 Households Median age Median
income
Thames North 2.62 1,995 761 930 58.2 years $23,800[5]
Thames Central 1.27 1,044 822 471 55.3 years $21,900[6]
Thames South 3.28 3,387 1,033 1,311 48.3 years $23,900[7]
Totora-Kopu 8.39 867 136 333 48.2 years $29,300[8]
New Zealand 37.4 years $31,800

History and culture edit

 
Poupou (wall post) from Hotunui

Māori history edit

In the early 19th century the area was populated by Ngāti Maru and other members of the Marutūāhu collective. Ngāti Maru built a large fortified pā between the Kauaeranga River and Waihou River, known as Te Tōtara.[9] In December 1821, this pā was attacked by a Te Tai Tokerau Māori taua (war party) during the Musket Wars. After a frontal assault was unsuccessful, the taua took the pā by stealth.[9]

European settlement edit

Thames was formed from two historic towns, Grahamstown and Shortland, of which many original buildings still stand. Shortland was to the south of Thames and was founded on 27 July 1867 when James Mackay, civil commissioner for the Hauraki District, concluded an agreement with local Māori. The land was rented for mining purposes for the sum of £5,000 per year, a colossal sum in the mid 19th century. This agreement secured the rights to local mineral deposits leading to the proclamation of the Thames Goldfield on 1 August. The leasing of the land for such a huge income was a source of great envy by other Maori iwi and hapu.[10]

Grahamstown was founded the following year at the northern end of present Thames, approximately one mile from Shortland. The two towns merged in 1874 after it emerged the heart of the Goldfield was in Grahamstown. Shortland waned in importance until the turn of the century when the Hauraki Plains were developed for farming and the Shortland railway station was opened.

Gold rush edit

The town was initially built during a gold rush, with the first major discovery of gold being made on 10 August 1867 by William Hunt, in the Kuranui Stream at the north end of Thames.[11] The subsequent mine produced more than 102,353oz bullion and was known as the Shotover. The era from 1868 to 1871 were the bonanza years for the town with gold production topping one million pounds sterling at its peak. Official figures for production of the Thames Mines recorded a yield of 2,327,619oz bullion with the value at $845 million. The three richest fields were the Manukau / Golden Crown / Caledonian mines but many others yielded near equivalent amounts. Thames had an estimated population of 15,000 in 1870[12] which would make it one of the largest cities in New Zealand at the time, but the population had declined to 11,950 (not including Māori) in the 1871 census.[13] The Māori population was 1,428 in 1859.[14] After the gold began to diminish, so did Thames' population, dropping to 5,420 in 1878 and 4,563 in 1881.[15] Thames also benefited from a period of extensive Kauri logging in the surrounding ranges around the same time.

The land involved in goldmining in Thames was Māori-owned; important parts of the goldfield were owned by the Ngāti Maru rangatira (chief) Rapana Maunganoa and the Taipari family. In 1878, when Wiremu Hōterene Taipari married a woman of the Ngāti Awa tribe of Whakatāne, Ngāti Awa carvers arrived at Thames and built a meeting house at Pārāwai. It is incorrectly said to have been a wedding gift for the couple when actually Wiremu's father had paid money for another whare (meeting house), which was sold to the governor general at the time. When Wiremu's father returned to collect the whare the Ngati Awa chief apologised and said he would have another one built which would signify the marriage between Wiremu Taipari and his daughter. The house, named Hotunui[16] in honour of an important Ngāti Maru ancestor, now stands in the Auckland War Memorial Museum.

Recent history edit

The Carters - Kopu sawmill, 9 km south of Thames, closed in 2008 with the loss of 145 jobs.[17][18] In 2012, mayor of Thames-Coromandel called NZTA safety procedures into question when a sink hole on State Highway 25 north of Thames, opened above an old mine shaft.[19]

Marae edit

The Mātai Whetū Marae is located in Kopu. It is a meeting ground for Ngāti Maru and features Te Rama o Hauraki meeting house.[20][21]

Treasury edit

Operating since 2009, The Treasury is an archive and research centre located in the town.[22] The book True Tales of Thames was launched at The Treasury by The Coromandel Heritage Trust.[23]

Steampunk edit

 
People parading in costume at the Thames steampunk festival

Steampunk has been a community-supported festival in Thames since 2015.[24]

Local government edit

See also: Mayor of Thames

The area was initially controlled by the Auckland Provincial Council. In late 1871, a public meeting in Grahamstown resolved:[25]

That in the opinion of the meeting it is desirable that a Municipal Corporation should be established for the Thames.

This resulted in the forming of a Thames Municipality Committee in early 1872. The Borough of Thames was gazetted in November 1873. The first Borough Council was elected in March 1874. As was practice at the time, the councillors voted one from their midst to be the mayor. William Davies was the only person proposed and voted into the role unanimously in April 1874.[25]

During the 1870s, Governor George Grey represented Thames in the New Zealand Parliament.[3]

In total, there were 24 Mayors of Thames Borough.[26] In 1975, Thames Borough amalgamated with Coromandel County, out of which Thames-Coromandel District arose.[25] Hence, the role was succeeded by that of the Mayor of Thames-Coromandel.

Economy edit

 
Junction Hotel, one of several historic buildings remaining intact in Thames

Thames Hospital is the oldest still operating in New Zealand, having been built in the 1860s. The Māori owned land was donated by the Ngāti Maru rangatira Rapana Maunganoa. A new clinical centre and other improvements were completed in 2008, and a new maternity facility opened on 5 September 2011.[27] The Thames Jockey Club was one of the earliest to be established in New Zealand.[28]

The Thames Aerodrome is 3 km south of the town. Regular flights to Auckland are operated by Great Barrier Airlines. A major employer is the Toyota New Zealand plant, which assembled CKD cars until 1998, and now refurbishes imported used cars. Another is the precision engineering works and foundry of A & G Price, established 1868, who built 123 steam locomotives for New Zealand Railways Department. The Brian Boru Hotel, built in 1868, is the oldest Irish pub in New Zealand.[29] Goldfields Shopping Centre is a major shopping mall in Thames.[30] Many residents work in tourism and locally owned businesses servicing the local farming community. Thames has also been used as a filming location for movies including Falling Inn Love and Bridge to Terabithia.[31]

Retail edit

Most shops are located on Pollen Street.

The Goldfields Shopping Centre, located east of Pollen Street on the western side of the town centre, features about 15 shops including Pak'nSave, The Warehouse and Warehouse Stationery.[32]

 
Northern Steamship's PS Terranora at Thames Wharf about 1898

Transport edit

Port edit

Initially the main access to Thames was by sea, with goods and passengers landed on the beach. Shortland Wharf was built in 1868 and remains in use.[33] Thames Harbour Board controlled the port from 1876[34] until it was merged with the Town Council in 1936.[35] By then competition, following the opening of the railway in 1898 and then the Hauraki (now Kopu) Bridge in 1928,[36] had reduced the profitability of the wharves[35] and a commissioner had been appointed, as the town couldn't meet its debts.[37]

Ships which have served Thames have included SS Go Ahead and Northern Steamship Co's Terranora (1898), Kapui (1911)[38] and Waipu (1928).[39]

Railway edit

The Thames branch railway connecting the town with Hamilton was opened in 1898 and was closed in 1991 and the tracks were taken up, though Thames railway station remains. The branch now provides part of the course for the Hauraki Rail Trail.

Road edit

Thames is on SH25.

Bus edit

Thames Connector buses run 5 times a day between Tararu and Parawai.[40] Go Kiwi operate a shuttle bus from the east coast of Coromandel, via Thames, to Auckland.[41] InterCity run twice a day between Auckland and Tauranga via Thames.[42]

Education edit

Thames High School is a secondary (years 9–13) school with a decile rating of 5 and a roll of 413.[43] The school was established in 1880 and is the second oldest secondary school in the Auckland Province.[44]

Moanataiari School, Parawai and Thames South are full primary (years 1–8) schools with decile ratings of 5, 6 and 3 and rolls of 153, 195 and 70, respectively.[45][46][47]

St Francis School is a full primary (years 1–8) school with a decile rating of 7 and a roll of 76.[48] It is a state integrated Catholic school.[49]

All these schools are coeducational. Rolls are as of February 2024.[50]

A former local institution of learning was the Thames School of Mines.

Another former school, Thames North, was at Tararu. It is now Thames Art Gallery.[51]

Notable people from Thames edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b c "ArcGIS Web Application". statsnz.maps.arcgis.com. Retrieved 12 March 2024.
  2. ^ a b "Subnational population estimates (RC, SA2), by age and sex, at 30 June 1996-2023 (2023 boundaries)". Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved 25 October 2023. (regional councils); "Subnational population estimates (TA, SA2), by age and sex, at 30 June 1996-2023 (2023 boundaries)". Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved 25 October 2023. (territorial authorities); "Subnational population estimates (urban rural), by age and sex, at 30 June 1996-2023 (2023 boundaries)". Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved 25 October 2023. (urban areas)
  3. ^ a b KELSEY WILKIE (November 2016). "High winds cause havoc in Thames". Stuff.
  4. ^ a b "Statistical area 1 dataset for 2018 Census". Statistics New Zealand. March 2020. Thames North (167600), Thames Central (167700), Thames South (167800) and Totora-Kopu (168000).
  5. ^ 2018 Census place summary: Thames North
  6. ^ 2018 Census place summary: Thames Central
  7. ^ 2018 Census place summary: Thames South
  8. ^ 2018 Census place summary: Totora-Kopu
  9. ^ a b Ballara, Angela (2003). "Tāmaki-makau-rau (Auckland isthmus)". Taua: 'musket wars', 'land wars' or tikanga?: warfare in Maori society in the early nineteenth century. Auckland: Penguin. p. 220. ISBN 9780143018896.
  10. ^ Kennedy, David (1876). Kennedy's Colonial Travel. Cambridge, Mass.: Cambridge University Press Digital Republished 2011. ISBN 978-1-108-03991-8.
  11. ^ "Our Heritage". Archived from the original on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 10 February 2013.
  12. ^ "Untitled". Daily Southern Cross. 12 March 1870. p. 3. Thus, the total goldfield population, exclusive of Coromandel, Kennedy's Bay, Ohinemuri, and the various sawing stations, appears to be 12,496 ; but we think that at least 15,000 may be set down as the gross total.
  13. ^ "Results of a Census of New Zealand". February 1871. Chapter 6.
  14. ^ "Observations on the State of the Aboriginal Inhabitants of New Zealand, 1859". 1859.
  15. ^ "Census of New Zealand 1881". 1881. Table XIV. Showing, according to the Censuses of 1878 and 1881, the Population (exclusive of Maoris) of certain Cities, Boroughs, and Townships.
  16. ^ "Hotunui, Whare Runanga". Auckland War Memorial Museum. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
  17. ^ "Kopu mill to close, 145 jobs to be lost". The New Zealand Herald. 6 May 2008.
  18. ^ Gay, Edward (14 October 2008). "Small town 'devastated' at mass job losses". The New Zealand Herald.
  19. ^ Huge sink hole opened up on Thames highway
  20. ^ "Te Kāhui Māngai directory". tkm.govt.nz. Te Puni Kōkiri.
  21. ^ "Māori Maps". maorimaps.com. Te Potiki National Trust.
  22. ^ Teresa Ramsey (16 May 2018). "First employee hired at The Treasury". Stuff. Retrieved 5 November 2019.
  23. ^ Ramsey, Teresa (26 July 2017). "True tales of Thames told in The Treasury's new book". Stuff. Retrieved 5 November 2019.
  24. ^ Ramsey, Teresa (1 November 2016). "Full steam ahead for Steampunk the Thames Festival". Stuff. Retrieved 7 November 2019.
  25. ^ a b c "Council History". Thames-Coromandel District Council. Retrieved 18 May 2012.
  26. ^ "Mayors and Councillors of Thames". The Treasury. Retrieved 18 May 2012.
  27. ^ "New primary birthing unit opens in Thames". Retrieved 24 November 2011.
  28. ^ Johnny Williams (1987). Racing For Gold. Williams Publishers. ISBN 0-473-00441-0. Retrieved 25 February 2013.
  29. ^ Ghost Hunt: True New Zealand Ghost Stories ISBN 0-7900-1012-7
  30. ^ GOLDFIELDS SHOPPING CENTRE
  31. ^ O'Sullivan, Kelly (31 August 2019). "Netflix's New Movie 'Falling Inn Love' Was Filmed in the Most Charming Real-Life Town". Country Living. Retrieved 9 September 2019.
  32. ^ "Goldfields Shops - Store Directory". goldfieldsshops.co.nz. Ganson Management.
  33. ^ "The last wharf standing in Thames". Stuff. 25 January 2015. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
  34. ^ "Thames Harbour Board Act 1876 (40 Victoriae 1876 No 87)". www.nzlii.org. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
  35. ^ a b "HAIL! AND FAREWELL! THAMES STAR". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 1 December 1936. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
  36. ^ "Kopu Bridge". www.heritage.org.nz. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
  37. ^ "THAMES BOROUGH. WAIKATO TIMES". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 10 May 1932. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
  38. ^ "NEW ZEALAND HERALD". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 17 January 1911. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
  39. ^ "NEW ZEALAND HERALD". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 10 November 1928. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
  40. ^ "Thames Connector". busit.co.nz. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
  41. ^ "Times & Stops". Go Kiwi Shuttles. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
  42. ^ "Book Bus Tickets Online". www.intercity.co.nz. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
  43. ^ Education Counts: Thames High School
  44. ^ "About us". Thames High School.
  45. ^ Education Counts: Moanataiari School
  46. ^ Education Counts: Parawai School
  47. ^ Education Counts: Thames South School
  48. ^ Education Counts: St Francis School
  49. ^ "Thames Parish". Coromandel Catholic Parishes.
  50. ^ "New Zealand Schools Directory". New Zealand Ministry of Education. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
  51. ^ "Thames Art Gallery". Thamesartgallery. Retrieved 2 August 2020.

External links edit

 
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