The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Qom, Iran.
Prior to 20th century edit
- 685 - Arab Shia refugees settle in Qom.[1]
- 804/805 - Qom gains "administrative independence from Isfahan."[2]
- 816 - Death of Fātimah bint Mūsā (sister of 8th Imam of Twelver Shia faith); shrine develops thereafter.[1]
- 825 - Qom "attacked."[1]
- 988 - Hasan ibn Muhammad Qumi writes Tarikh-i Qum (city history).[3]
- 1050s - Hassan-i Sabbah born in Qom (approximate date).[4]
- 1224 - City besieged by Mongol forces.[2]
- 1393 - Timur in power.[5]
- 1442 - City becomes seat of government of Timurid monarch Sultan Muhammad bin Baysonqor.[2]
- 1447/1448 - City sacked by Qara Qoyunlu forces.[5]
- 1469 - Ağ Qoyunlu in power.[5]
- 1501 - Twelver Shia Islam declared official state religion in Iran, a development beneficial to Qom as a holy city (approximate date).[6]
- 1722 - Qom sacked by Afghans.[1]
- 1883 - "New court" built at the Fatima shrine.[2]
20th century edit
- 1920 - Population: 30,000-40,000 (approximate estimate).[7]
- 1922 - Qom Seminary (hawza) established.
- 1923 - Printing press in operation.[8]
- 1950 - Population: 83,235 (estimate).[9]
- 1960 - Population: 105,272 (estimate).[10]
- 1963
- Mar'ashi Najafi library established.[citation needed]
- Religious leader Khomeini arrested and exiled.[2]
- 1966 - Population: 134,292.[2]
- 1974 - Mohemmat Sazi Football Club formed.
- 1975 - "Riots involving 'Muslim Marxists.'"[2]
- 1976 - Population: 246,831.[9]
- 1978 - 7–9 January: Iranian Revolution against Pahlavis begins in Qom.[2]
- 1982 - Population: 424,000 (estimate).[11]
- 1996
- 1999 - February: Local election held.[13]
21st century edit
- 2008 - Yadegar-e Emam Stadium opens.
- 2009
- December: Funeral of religious leader Hussein-Ali Montazeri.
- Qom Monorail construction begins.
- 2011 - Population: 1,074,036.[14]
- 2013 - 14 June: Local election held.
- 2014 - City becomes part of newly formed national administrative Region 1.
- 2020 - 19 February: The first two cases of COVID-19 were detected in Iran.
See also edit
- Qom history
- History of Qom
- Category:Monuments in Qom (in Persian)
- Timelines of other cities in Iran: Bandar Abbas, Hamadan, Isfahan, Kerman, Mashhad, Shiraz, Tabriz, Tehran, Yazd
References edit
- ^ a b c d Stanley 2008.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Calmard 1980.
- ^ Drechsler 2005.
- ^ Daftary, Farhad (2011). The Ismā'īlīs: their history and doctrines (2 ed.). Cambridge New York, NY: Cambridge Univ. Press. p. 311. ISBN 9780521850841.
- ^ a b c Drechsler 2009.
- ^ Massumeh Farhad. "Qum". Oxford Art Online. Retrieved 13 February 2017
- ^ "Persia". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440 – via HathiTrust.
Kom
- ^ a b J.T.P. de Bruijn, ed. (2008). General Introduction to Persian Literature. History of Persian Literature. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-0-85773-650-5.
- ^ a b Barthold 1984.
- ^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1965. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations. 1966. pp. 140–161.
Ghom
- ^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1987). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 247–289.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "Countries of the World: Iran". Statesman's Yearbook 2003. UK: Palgrave Macmillan. 2002. ISBN 978-0-333-98096-5.
- ^ "Iran". Europa World Year Book. Europa Publications. 2004. ISBN 978-1-85743-255-8.
- ^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2015. United Nations Statistics Division. 2016.
This article incorporates information from the Persian Wikipedia.
Bibliography edit
in English edit
- George Nathaniel Curzon (1892). "(Kum)". Persia and the Persian Question. Vol. 2. London. pp. 6–12. hdl:2027/hvd.32044022702278.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Albert Houtum-Schindler (1897). "Province of Kom". Eastern Persian Irak. London: J. Murray and Royal Geographical Society. pp. 56+. hdl:2027/mdp.39015000658461.
- . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). 1910. p. 945.
- C. A. Storey (1936). "History of Persia: Qum". Persian Literature: a Bio-Bibliographical Survey. Vol. 1. London: Luzac & Company. OCLC 1312518.
- Laurence Lockhart (1960). Persian Cities. London. pp. 127–131. OCLC 1370385.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Jean Calmard (1980). "Kum". In C. Edmund Bosworth; et al. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol. 5 (2nd ed.). Brill. pp. 369–372. via Google Books
- W. Barthold (1984). "Isfahan, Kashan, and Qum". Historical Geography of Iran. Translated by Svat Soucek. Princeton University Press. pp. 178–179. ISBN 978-1-4008-5322-9.
- Ernst Hunziker (April 1994). "Qom: Holy City of the Mullahs". Swiss Review of World Affairs. Neue Zürcher Zeitung. ISSN 0039-7490.
- Noelle Watson, ed. (1996), "Qom", International Dictionary of Historic Places, Fitzroy Dearborn, pp. 600+, ISBN 9781884964039
- Andreas Drechsler (2005). "Tāriḵ-e Qom". Encyclopædia Iranica. (About city history written in 10th century)
- Michael R.T. Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley, eds. (2008), "Qom", Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, Santa Barbara, US: ABC-CLIO, pp. 301+, ISBN 9781576079195
- Andreas Drechsler (2009). "Qom: History to the Safavid Period". Encyclopædia Iranica. (Includes bibliography)
- Graeme Wood (2010), "Among the Mullahs", The Atlantic, US
- Aḥmad Monzawī; ʿAlī Naqī Monzawī (2012). "Bibliographies and Catalogues in Iran: Qom". Encyclopædia Iranica.
in other languages edit
- António Baião (1923). Itinerarios da India a Portugal por terra (in Portuguese). Coimbra – via Digital Library of India.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) (Includes information about Qom) - Ḥasan ibn Muḥammad Qummī (1934). Jalāl al-Dīn Ṭihrānī (ed.). Tarikh-i Qumm (in Persian). Tehran. OCLC 54247737.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) (Written in 10th century in Arabic) - Fredy Bemont (1969). Les Villes de l'Iran (in French). Paris. pp. 179–182. OCLC 489929494.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Hossein Modarressi Tabataba'i (1971), Qom dar qarn-e nohom-e hejri, 801-900 (in Persian), Qom, OCLC 21745342
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Marcel Bazin (1973). "Qom, ville de pèlerinage et centre régional". Revue Géographique de l'Est (in French). 13 (1–2). ISSN 0035-3213 – via Persée.
- M. Tabataba’i. Turbat-i Pākān [Monuments and buildings of Qom], 2 vols (Qom, 1976)
- Andreas Drechsler (1999), Geschichte der Stadt Qom im Mittelalter (650-1350): politische und wirtschaftliche Aspekte, Islamkundliche Untersuchungen (in German), Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag, ISBN 3879972761 – via Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt Menadoc
- Djamileh Zia (2011). "Qom, la plus ancienne ville chiite de l'Iran". La Revue de Téhéran (in French) (72).
External links edit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Qom.
- Houchang E. Chehabi (ed.). "Cities: Qom". Bibliographia Iranica. US: Iranian Studies Group at MIT. (Bibliography)
- Items related to Qom, various dates (via Qatar Digital Library)
- "(Qom)". Women's Worlds in Qajar Iran. Harvard University.
Primary-source materials related to the social and cultural history of women's worlds in Qajar Iran
- "(Qom)", Asnad.org: Digital Persian Archive, Philipps-Universität Marburg,
Image Database of Persian Historical Documents from Iran and Central Asia up to the 20th Century
- Items related to Qom, various dates (via Europeana)
- Items related to Qom, various dates (via Digital Public Library of America)