The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Tangier, Morocco.
Ancient Ages edit
- 42 CE – Tingis becomes capital of the Roman province of Mauretania Tingitana.[1]
- 429 CE – Vandals take Tingis.[1]
Middle Ages edit
- 534 - Conquered by the Eastern Roman Empire [citation needed]
- 700s – Arab rule begins.
- 927 – Caliphate of Córdoba
- 1026 – Taifa of Málaga
- 1026 – Taifa of Ceuta
- 1078 – Almoravid dynasty rule[2]
- 1147 – Almohad dynasty
- 1244 – Marinid dynasty (1244–1465).
- 1304 – Ibn Battuta is born.
- 1437 – Battle of Tangier, attempt by a Portuguese expeditionary force to seize the citadel of Tangier, and their subsequent defeat by the armies of the Marinid sultanate .
- 1471 – Portuguese of Tangier rule (1471–1661) begins, under Afonso V of Portugal.[3][4][2]
- 1580 - Spain in power.[4]
- 1656 - Portugal in power again.[4]
Modern Ages edit
- 1661 – English Tangier (1661–1684), English colonial rule.[5][4]
- 1677 – The English banished all Jews from Tangiers.[5]
- 1678 – City besieged by forces of Moulay Ismail.[1]
- 1684 – Moroccan rule begins with end of English Tangier.[3][4]
- 1815 – Grand Mosque of Tangier rebuilt.[6]
- 1821 – American Legation building in use.
- 1844
- 6 August: Bombardment of Tangiers (by the French).[4]
- October: Treaty of Tangiers signed in city.
- 1883 – Al-Moghreb al-Aksa newspaper begins publication.[7]
20th century edit
.jpg)
- 1904 – Journal de Tanger newspaper begins publication.[8]
- 1905
- La Dépêche marocaine newspaper begins publication.
- Anglican Church of St. Andrew consecrated.
- 1905/06 - First Moroccan Crisis leading to the Algeciras Conference
- 1910 - Population: 40,000 (approximate figure).[4]
- 1911 - Agadir Crisis & Treaty of Fes (1912)
- 1913 – Gran Teatro Cervantes opens.[9]
- 1917 – Sidi Bou Abib Mosque built.[6]
- 1920 – Gran Cafe de Paris in business.[10]
- 1921 – Café Hafa opens.
- 1925 – Tangier International Zone in effect, per Tangier Protocol.
- 1937 – Dean's Bar in business.[1]
- 1939 – Stade de Marchan (stadium) built.[citation needed]
- 1940 – 14 June: City occupied by Spanish forces.[5]
- 1945 – 11 October: City returned to international status.[11]
- 1947
- Sultan Mohammed V of Morocco gives speech at the Grand Socco.[12]
- American writer Paul Bowles moves to Tangier.[13]
- 1948 – Cinema Rif opens.[14]
- 1952 – 30 March: Political demonstration.[5]
- 1956
- 8 October: City becomes part of independent Morocco;[3] Tangier International Zone disestablished.[12]
- 1960 – Population: 141,714.[15]
- 1973 – Population: 185,850.[16]
- 1983 – Ittihad Riadi Tanger football club formed.
- 1993 – Population: 307,000 urban agglomeration (estimate).[17]
21st century edit
- 2005 – Rabat–Tangier expressway constructed.
- 2003 - Tanger-Med (industrial port complex) supervisory board created.
- 2006 – Cinematheque de Tanger opens.[18]
- 2008
- Tanger-Med port begins operating near city.[19]
- Tangier Ibn Battouta Airport new terminal building opens.
- 2011
- Grand Stade de Tanger (stadium) opens.
- Kenitra–Tangier high-speed rail line construction begins.
- 2014 - Population: 998,972 (estimate).[20]
- 2015 – City becomes part of the Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima administrative region.
See also edit
- Tangier history
- Chronology of Tangier (in French)
- List of governors of Tangier, 15th to 17th centuries
- Timelines of other cities in Morocco: Casablanca, Fez, Marrakesh, Meknes, Rabat, Salé
- Timeline of Morocco
References edit
- ^ a b c d Rough Guide to Morocco. Rough Guides. 2013. ISBN 978-1-4093-3267-1.
- ^ a b Hsain Ilahiane (2006). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of the Berbers (Imazighen). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6490-0.
- ^ a b c Aguiar 2005.
- ^ a b c d e f g Britannica 1910.
- ^ a b c d Watson 1996.
- ^ a b "ArchNet". Retrieved 30 October 2014.
- ^ "Tangier (Morocco) – Newspapers". Global Resources Network. Chicago, US: Center for Research Libraries. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
- ^ "Morocco: Directory". Europa World Year Book 2004. Europa Publications. 29 July 2004. ISBN 978-1-85743-255-8.
- ^ "Lost in Tangier", New York Times, 10 September 2010
- ^ Shoemake 2013.
- ^ "Reestablishment of the International Regime in Tangiers". 330. US: US Department of State. 21 October 1945. pp. 613–618.
- ^ a b Susan Gilson Miller (2013). "Chronology". History of Modern Morocco. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-81070-8.
- ^ Christopher Petkanas (20 May 2011), "Last Casbah", New York Times
- ^ "Movie Theaters in Tangier, Morocco". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
- ^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1965. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations. 1966.
- ^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1995 Demographic Yearbook. New York: United Nations Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Statistics Division. 1997. pp. 262–321.
- ^ "Morocco". Art Spaces Directory. New York: New Museum. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
- ^ The Report: Morocco 2012. Oxford Business Group. 2012. ISBN 978-1-907065-54-5.
- ^ "Table 8 - Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants", Demographic Yearbook – 2018, United Nations
Bibliography edit
- Published in 19th century
- Ali Bey al-Abbasi (1816), "Chapters 2–4 (Tangier)", Travels of Ali Bey in Morocco, Tripoli, Cyprus, Egypt, Arabia, Syria, and Turkey, Between the Years 1803 and 1807, Philadelphia: John Conrad, OCLC 754174
- Arthur de Capell Brooke (1831). "Tangier". Sketches in Spain and Morocco. London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley. OCLC 13783280.
- . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 23 (9th ed.). 1888. p. 46.
- H.M.P. de la Martinière (1889). "(Tangier)". Morocco: Journeys in the Kingdom of Fez and to the Court of Mulai Hassan. London: Whittaker & Co. OCLC 4428176.
- Published in 20th century
- S. L. Bensusan (1904). Morocco. London: A and C Black.
- Ch. Brossard, ed. (1906). "Maroc: Description des villes: Tanger". Colonies françaises. Géographie pittoresque et monumentale de la France (in French). Paris: Flammarion. (+ table of contents)
- . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). 1910. pp. 397–398.
- "Tangier", The Mediterranean, Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1911, OCLC 490068
- Noelle Watson, ed. (1996). "Tangier". International Dictionary of Historic Places: Middle East and Africa. UK: Routledge. pp. 665+. ISBN 978-1884964039.
- Published in 21st century
- Mark Ellingham (2001), "Tangier", Rough Guide to Morocco (6th ed.), London: Rough Guides, p. 79+, OL 24218635M
- Marian Aguiar (2005). "Tangier". In Kwame Anthony Appiah and Henry Louis Gates (ed.). Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 120. ISBN 978-0-19-517055-9.
- Kevin Shillington, ed. (2005). "Tangier". Encyclopedia of African History. Fitzroy Dearborn. ISBN 978-1-57958-245-6.
- Michael R.T. Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley, eds. (2008). "Tangier". Cities of the Middle East and North Africa. Santa Barbara, US: ABC-CLIO.
- Zoubir Chattou (2011). "Tanger à la croisée de nouvelles recompositions territoriales et de mobilités transnationales" [Tangier, transnational mobilities and territorial restructuring]. Méditerranée (in French). 116 (116): 133–138. doi:10.4000/mediterranee.5447 – via Revues.org.
- Martin Malcolm Elbl. Portuguese Tangier (1471-1662): Colonial Urban Fabric as Cross-Cultural Skeleton (Baywolf Press: Toronto and Peterborough, 2013) ISBN 978-0-921437-50-5.
- Josh Shoemake (2013). Tangier: A Literary Guide for Travellers. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-0-85773-376-4.
External links edit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tangier.
- "(Articles related to Tangier)". Connecting-Africa. Leiden, Netherlands: African Studies Centre.
- Christian Zimmermann (ed.). "(Tangier)". Research Papers in Economics. US: Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. (Bibliography)
- "(Tangier)". Directory of Open Access Journals. UK. (Bibliography of open access articles)
- Map of Tangier, 1943