WolfmanSF

Scientist.

Wikipedia:Babel

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de-1Dieser Benutzer hat grundlegende Deutschkenntnisse.

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What I've been up to

• My Wikimedia Commons gallery
• pages I've created (Soxred93's tools)
• WikiChecker edit counter
• X!'s edit counter
• Luxo edit counter
• Kate's tool edit counter

Citation resources

• Citation templates
• Samples:
  • <ref name=" ">{{cite journal |last1= |first1= |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |date= |url= |doi= |pmid= |pmc= |hdl= |access-date= }}</ref>
  • <ref name=" ">{{cite web |url= |title= |last= |first= |date= |website= |publisher= |access-date= |archive-url= |archive-date= |url-status= }}</ref>
• Help:References and page numbers
• Citation template generator – generates completed templates using identifying numbers such as PMIDs (PubMed IDs).
• DOI Wikipedia reference generator
• reFill
• Magnus' reference generator
• Citation generator for ISBN, PubMed, PubChem and other sources
• Wikipedia citation tool for Google Books
• WorldCat library catalog
• example of use of Wayback to restore a dead link:

{{cite web|last= Deméré |first= T. |title= SDNHM Fossil Field Guide: ''Panthera atrox'' |website= sdnhm.org |publisher= [[San Diego Natural History Museum]] |url= http://www.sdnhm.org/exhibits/mystery/fg_lion.html |access-date= 2010-05-18 |archive-url= http://web.archive.org/web/20090625205421/http://www.sdnhm.org/exhibits/mystery/fg_lion.html |archive-date= 2009-06-25 |url-status= dead}}, which displays as:

Deméré, T. "SDNHM Fossil Field Guide: Panthera atrox". sdnhm.org. San Diego Natural History Museum. Archived from the original on 2009-06-25. Retrieved 2010-05-18.

• See also WP:Citing_sources#Citation processing tools
• To add a cite in the visual editor, place the cursor at the desired location, select 'Cite' and paste the url (eg. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=287207) into the dialogue box. Then select 'Generate' and then 'Insert' before saving. An additional link to the URL is not needed in the reference section as the in-line cite will generate the necessary text. For example, see Chrysaora helvola.

Editing resources

• Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines
  • Wikipedia generally does not employ hard-and-fast rules
  • The 5th of the Five Pillars of Wikipedia: Wikipedia has no firm rules
  • Wikipedia:Blanking sections sometimes violates policies
• Wikipedia:You can't follow all the rules, all the time
  • "In building consensus, there are times when everyone will argue that such or such change breaks their preferred rule and thus simply can't be made. It's a good time to apply the WP:Ignore all rules policy and focus on how the proposed change makes the encyclopedia better regardless of what the rules say."
• Wikipedia:Ignore all rules
  • "Don't follow written instructions mindlessly, but rather, consider how the encyclopedia is improved or damaged by each edit."
  • "The spirit of the rule trumps the letter of the rule. The common purpose of building a free encyclopedia trumps both. If this common purpose is better served by ignoring the letter of a particular rule, then that rule should be ignored."
  • "Editors who insist that rules must be followed for their own sake, without explaining how doing it will improve the encyclopedia, are themselves breaking the rules, as Wikipedia is not a bureaucracy."
• Editing markup
• Editing cheatsheet
• Images
• Manual of style
  • WP:MOS/Embedded lists
  • WP:MOS/Hidden text
• Google Books Ngram Viewer is a tool for looking at word usage in books
• Google Books usage discussions #1, #2
• WP:AutoWikiBrowser
  • Wikipedia talk:AutoWikiBrowser/Feature requests/Archive 10#Finding a string in the edit box
  • Note the "Highlight Find matches" selection under "Options"

Species article/taxobox resources

• Use Template:DISPLAYTITLE to italicize part of an article title
• Introduction to taxoboxes
• Description of Template:Taxobox
• Use the display_parents = parameter to control length of automatic taxoboxes
• See Postosuchus article for an example of use of unranked taxa in taxobox
• List of biologists
• List of zoologists by author abbreviation
• Eponym Dictionary of Mammals; cite as:

Beolens, B.; Watkins, M.; Grayson, M. (2009-09-28). The Eponym Dictionary of Mammals. The Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 319. ISBN 978-0801893049. OCLC 270129903.

• Mammals of South America citation example for Proechimys longicaudatus:

Patton, James L.; Leite, Rafael N. (2015-03-09). "Genus Proechimys J. A. Allen, 1899". In Patton, James L.; Pardiñas, Ulyses F. J.; D’Elía, Guillermo (eds.). Mammals of South America, Volume 2: Rodents. University of Chicago Press. pp. 975–977. ISBN 978-0-226-16957-6. OCLC 921432000.

• WP:MOS policy on lower case common names of species
• Paleobiology Database sample citations:
  • "Canis dirus (dire wolf) in the Paleobiology Database". Fossilworks. Retrieved 2014-02-03.
  • "Canis dirus (dire wolf) in the Paleobiology Database". Paleobiology Database. Retrieved 2014-02-03.
• MSW3 online
• MSW3 Google books
• MSW3 templates
• User:Ucucha/List of mammals
• List of missing mammal species
• Example of karyotype description: Lesser capybara
• IUCN Red List FAQ
• IUCN assessment citations – as per the current recommendations for citing assessments as electronic journal articles, the best template to use is the cite iucn template, which is similar but preferable to the cite journal template, as it shortens the citations and facilitates updating links when they are changed, as well as retaining the access date (useful for a periodically updated source). The cite iucn template needs the input of only five fields (it helps to italicize the species name); it can generate the appropriate link from the page number alone (or less preferably, from the id or doi). An example for Myotis levis is:

| status_ref= <ref name=iucn>{{cite iucn |authors= Barquez, R. & Diaz, M.|title= ''Myotis levis'' (errata version published in 2017)|year= 2016|page= e.T14174A115121699 |accessdate= 19 January 2020}}</ref>

This will be displayed as:
1. "Myotis levis (errata version published in 2017)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T14174A115121699. 2016. Retrieved 19 January 2020. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)title has extraneous text

The year appears twice, as both a date and volume number.

• Converting IUCNs to Cite journals; see also IUCN template discussion
• N.B: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in different genus.

• Discussions on the syntax of combining a formal taxon name and its rank #1 #2 #3 #4

Global warming sources and time plots

References

• Allen, Myles (Oxford) climate change tutorial, March 2018: Parts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (45 min. total); background & slide deck
• Black, B.A.; Gibson, S.A. (2019). "Deep Carbon and the Life Cycle of Large Igneous Provinces". Elements. 15 (5): 319–324. doi:10.2138/gselements.15.5.319.
• Breitburg, D.; Levin, L. A.; Oschlies, A.; Grégoire, M.; Chavez, F. P.; Conley, D. J.; Garçon, V.; Gilbert, D.; Gutiérrez, D.; Isensee, K.; Jacinto, G. S.; Limburg, K. E.; Montes, I.; Naqvi, S. W. A.; Pitcher, G. C.; Rabalais, N. N.; Roman, M. R.; Rose, K. A.; Seibel, B. A.; Telszewski, M.; Yasuhara, M.; Zhang, J. (2018). "Declining oxygen in the global ocean and coastal waters". Science. 359 (6371): eaam7240. doi:10.1126/science.aam7240.
• Capriolo, M.; Marzoli, A.; Aradi, L.E.; Callegaro, S.; Dal Corso, J.; Newton, R.J.; Mills, B.J.W.; Wignall, P.B.; Bartoli, O.; Baker, D.R.; Youbi, N.; Remusat, L.; Spiess, R.; Szabó, C. (2020). "Deep CO₂ in the end-Triassic Central Atlantic Magmatic Province". Nature Communications. 11 (1). doi:10.1038/s41467-020-15325-6.
• Cole, Milton W.; Goodstein, David L.; Lueking, Angela D. (27 April 2018). Science Of The Earth, Climate And Energy. World Scientific Publishing Company. ISBN 978-9813233638. OCLC 1038470856. - new textbook
• Hall-Spencer, J. M.; Harvey, B. P. (2019). "Ocean acidification impacts on coastal ecosystem services due to habitat degradation". Emerging Topics in Life Sciences: ETLS20180117. doi:10.1042/ETLS20180117.
• Henehan, M. J.; Ridgwell, A.; Thomas, E.; Zhang, S.; Alegret, L.; Schmidt, D. N.; Rae, J. W. B.; Witts, J. D.; Landman, N. H.; Greene, S. E.; Huber, B. T.; Super, J. R.; Planavsky, N. J.; Hull, P. M. (2019). "Rapid ocean acidification and protracted Earth system recovery followed the end-Cretaceous Chicxulub impact". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences: 201905989. doi:10.1073/pnas.1905989116.
• Joughin, I.; Smith, B. E.; Medley, B. (2014). "Marine Ice Sheet Collapse Potentially Under Way for the Thwaites Glacier Basin, West Antarctica". Science. 344 (6185): 735–738. doi:10.1126/science.1249055.
• Kamber, B.S.; Petrus, J.A. (2019). "The Influence of Large Bolide Impacts on Earth's Carbon Cycle". Elements. 15 (5): 313–318. doi:10.2138/gselements.15.5.313.
• Lyons, S. L.; Baczynski, A. A.; Babila, T. L.; Bralower, T. J.; Hajek, E. A.; Kump, L. R.; Polites, E. G.; Self-Trail, J. M.; Trampush, S. M.; Vornlocher, J. R.; Zachos, J. C.; Freeman, K. H. (2018). "Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum prolonged by fossil carbon oxidation". Nature Geoscience. 12 (1): 54–60. doi:10.1038/s41561-018-0277-3.
• Green, Hank (2017-12-04). "The Last Time the Globe Warmed". YouTube. PBS Eons. Retrieved 2019-08-25. (video on Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum)
• McClintock, J.B. (2019-09-20). "From Penguins to Plankton: The Dramatic Effects of Climate Change on the Antarctic Peninsula". lecture.ucsf.edu. UC San Francisco. Retrieved 2019-09-29. (Note: lecture proper begins at minute 17 of recording)
• McKenzie, N.R.; Jiang, H. (2019). "Earth's Outgassing and Climatic Transitions: The Slow Burn Towards Environmental "Catastrophes"?". Elements. 15 (5): 325–330. doi:10.2138/gselements.15.5.325.
• Mikhail, S.; Füri, E. (2019). "On the Origin(s) and Evolution of Earth's Carbon". Elements. 15 (5): 307–312. doi:10.2138/gselements.15.5.307.
• Maurer, J. M.; Schaefer, J. M.; Rupper, S.; Corley, A. (2019). "Acceleration of ice loss across the Himalayas over the past 40 years". Science Advances. 5 (6): eaav7266. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aav7266.
• Penn, J. L.; Deutsch, C.; Payne, J. L.; Sperling, E. A. (7 December 2018). "Temperature-dependent hypoxia explains biogeography and severity of end-Permian marine mass extinction". Science. 362 (6419): eaat1327. doi:10.1126/science.aat1327. (commentary in The Scientist and The New York Times #1, #2)
• Schobben, M.; van de Schootbrugge, B.; Wignall, P.B. (2019). "Interpreting the Carbon Isotope Record of Mass Extinctions". Elements. 15 (5): 331–337. doi:10.2138/gselements.15.5.331.
• Suarez, C.A.; Edmonds, M.; Jones, A.P. (2019). "Earth Catastrophes and their Impact on the Carbon Cycle". Elements. 15 (5): 301–306. doi:10.2138/gselements.15.5.301.
• Thompson, A. (2018-12-24). "Western Drought Ranks among the Worst of the Last Millennium". Scientific American. Retrieved 2018-12-26.
• Voosen, P. (2018-12-18). "Discovery of recent Antarctic ice sheet collapse raises fears of a new global flood". Science. doi:10.1126/science.aaw4182.

Anthropogenic vs. natural carbon emission rates

• From normal and catastrophic processes (scroll to bottom) – M. Temming, Science News, based on Suarez, C.A.; Edmonds, M.; Jones, A.P. (October 2019). "Earth catastrophes and their impact on the carbon cycle". Elements. 15: 301. doi:10.2138/gselements.15.5.301.

Atmospheric CFC and SF₆ vs. time plots

• CFCs and SF₆ over the last 80 years – Rosenstiel School, U. of Miami

Atmospheric CO₂ vs. time plots

• Over the last 5 years – NOAA
• Over the last 15 years (top) – NASA
• Over the last 60 years – Scripps
• Over the last 1000 years – www.CO2Levels.Org
• Over the last 800,000 years – NASA
• Over the last one week to 800,000 years (select with mouse-over) – Scripps

Atmospheric greenhouse gas index vs. time plots

• Sum of all greenhouse gas effects over the last 300 years – NOAA via www.CO2.Earth
• Major greenhouse gases since 1980 – NOAA (from AGGI page)

Atmospheric methane vs. time plots

• Over the last 35 years – NOAA
• Over the last 800,000 and 65 years – EPA

Atmospheric nitrous oxide vs. time plots

• Over the last 5 and 20 years – NOAA

Coral bleaching events vs. time plots

• In four ocean areas since 1980 (scroll about 2/3 of the way down) – Carbon Brief

Glacier mass vs. time plots

• Alpine glaciers since 1980 – NOAA
• Antarctic (top) and Greenland ice sheets since 2002 – NASA
• Glacier National Park alpine glaciers since 1966 – N. Popovich (N.Y. Times)
• Greenland ice sheet since 1980 (see Fig. 3) – from
• "Global" glaciers since 1960 (scroll down) – NSIDC
• Himalayan glaciers since 1975 – from
• New Zealand glaciers since 1450 – from
• "Reference" glaciers since 1945 – EPA
• Sierra Nevada alpine glaciers since 1900 – H. Basagic, Portland State U.
• Time-lapse movies of glaciers from orbit since 1972 – NASA

Growing season vs. time plot

• Global change in crop yield potential for 5 staple crops since 1960 – The Lancet
• Duration of U.S. growing season since 1890 – EPA

Human cognitive decline vs. projected future CO₂ levels

From 2020 to 2100 (scroll to Fig 3 at end)

Marine species latitude and depth shift plots

• Over the last 35 years – EPA
• Current (2020) rate of poleward range movement by taxonomic class

Ocean deoxygenation

• Recent (1971–2000) versus projected (2071-2100) ocean oxygen levels (scroll down to p. 286)– from IUCN's report, Ocean deoxygenation : everyone’s problem

Note: the hypoxic threshold depth is that below which oxygen levels decrease to a hypoxic level (<3.5 mL/L); the oxycline is a sharp decrease on oxygen levels with increasing depth.

Ocean pH vs. time plots (since ~1990)

• At EEA – European Environment Agency
• At EPA (right graphs) – EPA
• At Smithsonian (cyan plot) – Smithsonian Institution

Permafrost vs. time plots

• Change in Northern Hemisphere extent since 1900 (scroll down) – Skeptical Science
• Change in Northern Hemisphere extent since 1900 and 1850 (scroll down) – The Weather Network
• Change in temperature of Arctic and alpine permafrost since 1908 (scroll down) – InsideClimate News

Sea ice vs. time plots

• Arctic sea ice area since 1980 – EPA
• Arctic sea ice volume since 1980 – Polar Science Center, U. Washington
• Minimum Arctic sea ice area since 1980 – NOAA

Sea level vs. time plots

• Contribution of Greenland ice sheet melting to sea level rise since 1990 (see Fig. 4) – from
• Over the last 25 (satellite data) and 140 (ground data) years – NASA
• Over the last 120 years – IMBIE

Surface temperature vs. time plots

• Australian mean temperature since 1910 – BBC
• Global heatwave exposure in those over 65 since 2000 – The Lancet
• Global temperature since AD 1000 (scroll down) – 2 Degrees Institute
• Global temperature vs. solar irradiance since 1880 – Skeptical Science
• Global surface air over the last 170 years – Climatic Research Unit, U. East Anglia
• Global surface over the last 140 years; 2nd version – NASA
• Heat content of the upper 2000 m of the ocean since 1940 – CNN
• Sea surface over the last 140 years – EPA

Tropical cyclones vs. time plots

• Atlantic tropical storm frequency since 1878 – NOAA
• Frequency of category 4 or 5 hurricanes 1975-2004 (scroll down) – Popular Science
• North Atlantic hurricane intensity since 1982 – Popular Science
• North Atlantic hurricanes, per cent stalling along U.S. coast since 1944 (scroll down) – NASA
• North Atlantic tropical storm frequency since 1850 (scroll down) – Skeptical Science
• U.S. hurricane damage (normalized), and frequency of damaging storms, since 1900 – from Grinsted, A.; Ditlevsen, P.; Christensen, J.H. (November 2019). "Normalized US hurricane damage estimates using area of total destruction, 1900−2018". PNAS. doi:10.1073/pnas.1912277116.

Vapor pressure deficit vs. time plots

• Increase in vapor pressure deficit (increasingly dry air) over the Amazon basin since 1980 (scroll down) – from Barkhordarian, A.; Saatchi, S. S.; Behrangi, A.; Loikith, P. C.; Mechoso, C. R. (2019). "A Recent Systematic Increase in Vapor Pressure Deficit over Tropical South America". Scientific Reports. 9 (1). doi:10.1038/s41598-019-51857-8.; see also Smith, E. (2019-11-05). "Human Activities Are Drying Out the Amazon: NASA Study". Jet Propulsion Lab, NASA. Retrieved 2019-11-11.

Summary articles

• How we respond – 2019 AAAS report
• The climate crisis explained in 10 charts – The Guardian
• The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate – Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, September 2019 (scroll to p. 6)

Subpages

/Word macro for automating generation of cite journal citations of IUCN Red List pages

The following archived articles are mostly lists of megafauna that have been deleted from Wikipedia proper; see Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of megafauna (the "List of semiaquatic organisms" archive has been reworked into List of semiaquatic tetrapods). I'm considering trying to work them into some sort of acceptable form, based on creating mass ranges for the various species to be listed under and abandoning any notion that the articles contain lists of all megafaunal species (which is impossible because there is no universally accepted definition of megafauna). The result would be lists of species with maximum adult mass above some limit, much as there are lists of mountains with an altitude above some limit, or cities with a population above some limit.

So, from my perspective, one of the useful things anyone wishing to work on these articles could do would be to look up approximate adult weights of each of the megafaunal species. The source of the weight figure should also be given (a reference preferably, but if simply from another Wikipedia article, that should be linked). While you're at it, it wouldn't hurt to use the citation templates. For extinct species, if no weight estimate is available, it would be appropriate to look up the weight of a living species of similar dimensions and body type (e.g., assume that an extinct proboscidean would have a weight similar to that of a living elephant of similar size). Perhaps it would be necessary to use allometry-based estimates in cases where no living species has a similar size and shape.

NOTE: functional category tags should not be placed in these subpages while they are in user space.

/List of megafauna

/List of African megafauna

/List of Arctic megafauna

/List of Australian megafauna

/List of Central and South American megafauna

/List of Eurasian megafauna

/List of island megafauna

/List of marine megafauna

/List of North American megafauna

/List of prehistoric megafauna

/List of semiaquatic organisms